Kazakhstan Diplomats Meet & Greet

On the picture Ambassador of Kazakhstan, H.E. Magzhan Ilyassov and spouse Mrs. Akmaral Aydarbekova.   By Roy Lie A Tjam.
The Russian Ambassador H.E. Alexander Shulgin, spouse Natalia Shulgina, Mrs. Akmaral Aydarbekova and her husband the Ambassador of Kazakhstan H.E. Magzhan Ilyassov.
An extraordinary Diplomat Meet and Greet. Ambassador Magzhan Ilyassov Joyously welcomed his guests to the Ambassadors Room of the Carlton Ambassador Hotel The Hague. Attendees came from a broad diplomatic spectrum, among them Ambassadors and Embassy representatives of Russia, Belarus, USA, Cuba, Cameroon, Bangladesh, Iraq, Georgia, Kosovo, Austria, Bangladesh, Armenia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Hungary, Bosnia & Herzegovina, European Union, European Parliament, OPCW, International Courts. For additional Kim Vermaat’ pictures, please open the following link:https://www.flickr.com/photos/121611753@N07/albums/72157682635718110
H.E. Mr Mikalai Barysevich, Ambassador of the Republic of Belarus and Ambassador Ilyassov coming behind, Mrs Tatsiana Barysevich spouse of the Ambassador of Belarus.
 Magzhan Ilyassov subsequently expressed thanks to those who made it all happen, Diplomatic Card, Hotel Carlton Ambassador and Diplomat magazine.
Ms Camelia Chirascu, Head of Political Section and Mr Gabriel Mares, Deputy Head of Mission from the Embassy of Romania and Richard Gopaul, from USA Embassy in The Hague.
Ambassador Magzhan Ilyassov continued his welcome remarks reminiscent of the fact that June 2, 2016, was the day he landed on Dutch soil in order to take up the position of Kazakhstan ‘s(new) Ambassador to the Netherlands. Magzhan Ilyassov went on, mentioning 2017 to be the year of celebrating 25 years of diplomatic relationship between his country and the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands is Kazakhstan’s second most important EU. business partner.
Mr. Eduard Slootweg, Head of  the European Parliament Information Bureau and spouse Ms Kleice Gonzaga Carneiro are welcomed by H.E. Ambassador Magzhan Ilyassov.
The Ambassador introduced a brief video presentation of his country. By all means, the video has proven to be a very revealing one. Apparently, 2017 will be an eventful year for the Kazakhstan mission under the valiant direction of Ambassador Magzhan Ilyassov. Some of the activities to date lectures at De witte Society, a business investment seminar, and a Diplomat Meet & Greet.
The spouses of the ambassadors of Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan, Mrs Tatsiana Barysevich, Mrs. Natalia Shulgina and Mrs. Akmaral Aydarbekova during the event at Carlton Ambassador.
Furthermore, there has been ample opportunity to get acquainted with brandy and chocolate labeled “Made in Kazakhstan” it is said, Kazakhstan chocolate and brandy are secret weapons that can conquer. Ilyassov endeavored to have a friendly chat with his guests. He’s a fabulous host. Le soleil Ă©tait au rendez-vous on the afternoon of Friday 2 June 2017, therefore the availability of the terras adjacent to the Ambassadors Room came in really handy.
The Ambassador of Georgia, H.E. Constantine Surguladze and Mr. Hugo Iserief, from Diplomatic Card.
 

Decret ou Loi Organique Relatif a la Qualité De Droit en Haiti

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Introduction et Commentaires.   Par Alfred Kellermann. A la qualitĂ© de la rĂšgle de droit s’attachent des enjeux dĂ©terminants pour l’attractivitĂ© du systĂšme juridique et pour la compĂ©titivitĂ© Ă©conomique d’ HaĂ­ti. La sĂ©curitĂ© juridique, la prĂ©visibilitĂ© du droit et la simplification de rĂšgles inadaptĂ©es ou dĂ©passĂ©es sont des attentes rĂ©guliĂšrement exprimĂ©es par les citoyens et les entreprises en Haiti. Chaque projet de norme nouvelle doit ainsi ĂȘtre soumis Ă  un examen de nĂ©cessitĂ© et de proportionnalitĂ© aussi circonstanciĂ© que possible, au regard de ses effets prĂ©visibles et des exigences de stabilitĂ© des situations juridiques. Son Ă©laboration doit en outre ĂȘtre l’occasion d’un rĂ©examen du bien-fondĂ© des rĂšgles qu’il est prĂ©vu de modifier et de la cohĂ©rence d’ensemble de la rĂ©glementation correspondante. D’importants progrĂšs ont Ă©tĂ© accomplis en ce domaine en HaĂ­ti. En mai 2012 le Gouvernement Martelly/ Lamothe a fait de la rĂ©forme de l’Etat. Modernisation administrative et DĂ©centralisation couvrant une pĂ©riode de cinq ans, s’étendant de l’exercice fiscal 2012/ 2013 Ă  celui de 2016/ 2017vient d’ĂȘtre Ă©laborĂ©. Dans une note interne de l’Office de Management et des ressources humaines (OMRH) l’objective gĂ©nĂ©ral par le programme est formulĂ© d’aprĂšs : « doter le pays, dans les meilleurs dĂ©lais, d’une administration et d’une fonction publique modernes, efficaces, honnĂȘtes, impartiales, au service des citoyens et de l’intĂ©rĂȘt gĂ©nĂ©ral, capable de gagner la confiance des premiers concernĂ©s, des fonctionnaires, et de la population, tout en effectuant une mise en Ɠuvre efficace de l’actiongouvernementale 
 » Beaucoup d’instituions en HaĂ­ti fonctionnent aujourd‘hui avec un cadre lĂ©gal dĂ©suet , souvent datant d’avant 1986. Il y donc un besoin pressant de rĂ©nover le cadre lĂ©gal et institutionnel de beaucoup d’organismes de l’Administration centrale. Parce que l’OMRH se propose d’accompagner les Services centraux des MinistĂšres dans la rĂ©novation des lois organiques, cette introduction et commentaire on peut considĂ©rer commeune rĂ©fĂ©rence Ă  la ProcĂ©dure d’élaboration et d’adoption des textes lĂ©gislatifs et rĂ©glementaires par le Pourvoir ExĂ©cutif rĂ©digĂ© par l’OMRH.Dans cette procĂ©dure l’étude de d’impact et de faisabilitĂ© est obligatoire en Haiti : Ă  fournir une Ă©valuation de la rĂ©forme envisagĂ©e aussi complĂšte , objective et factuelle que possible. La rĂ©alisation d’une Ă©tude d’impact Ă  l’appui de chaque projet de loi et des textes rĂ©glementaires contribue Ă  une nette amĂ©lioration des rĂ©sultats obtenus dans l’application des lois. D’une part, le pilotage de la production normative doit se perfectionner, de maniĂšre Ă  mieux assurer l’application des lois et la mise en Ɠuvre des rĂ©formes. L’organisation de chaque dĂ©partement ministĂ©riel doit Ă  cet effet ĂȘtre adaptĂ©e pour permettre, en relation Ă©troite avec le gouvernement, une programmation des diffĂ©rentes Ă©tapes du cheminement des textes identifiĂ©s comme prioritaires et un suivi dynamique de ce cheminement. D’autre part, l’intervention de rĂšgles de droit nouvelles doit ĂȘtre plus systĂ©matiquement subordonnĂ©e Ă  l’examen de critĂšres tirĂ©s des principes de proportionnalitĂ© et de cohĂ©rence de l’ordonnancement juridique. Il est en particulier nĂ©cessaire de tirer les consĂ©quences des nouvelles rĂšgles de partage de l’ordre du jour parlementaire, en veillant Ă  laisser Ă  l’Ă©cart des projets de loi toute disposition Ă  caractĂšre rĂ©glementaire. La dĂ©marche d’Ă©valuation doit donner lieu dans chaque ministĂšre comme au niveau interministĂ©riel Ă  une mutualisation des mĂ©thodes et des ressources disponibles. La pratique, en cours d’expĂ©rimentation, qui consiste Ă  accompagner la publication d’un dĂ©cret d’une notice expliquant en des termes accessibles Ă  la gĂ©nĂ©ralitĂ© des citoyens, l’objet et la portĂ©e du texte ainsi que ses conditions d’entrĂ©e en vigueur, a fait ses preuves. Elle doit ĂȘtre gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©e Ă  l’ensemble des dĂ©crets rĂ©glementaires. Disciplines Ă  Suivre dans l’Ă©laboration de Projets de RĂ©glementation Respect du partage entre les domaines de la loi et du rĂšglement. L’Ă©laboration de l’Ă©tude d’impact d’un projet de loi doit ĂȘtre l’occasion d’accorder une attention particuliĂšre au respect du partage entre les domaines respectifs de la loi et du rĂšglement opĂ©rĂ©. L’analyse de la nĂ©cessitĂ©, de la proportionnalitĂ© et des effets prĂ©visibles des rĂšgles de droit nouvelles est une mĂ©thode Ă  laquelle l’administration doit s’attacher dans l’Ă©laboration de toute norme lĂ©gislative ou rĂ©glementaire. Chaque dĂ©partement ministĂ©riel a la responsabilitĂ© de dĂ©velopper dans son champ de compĂ©tence les ressources utiles Ă  ces travaux. Consolidation des projets de texte lĂ©gislatif et rĂ©glementaire. Seule est de nature Ă  garantir la correcte rĂ©daction d’un projet de texte modificatif et Ă  prĂ©venir les risques de malfaçon la pratique consistant pour le rĂ©dacteur Ă  Ă©laborer conjointement ce projet et la version du ou des textes modifiĂ©s en rĂ©sultant. Dans l’hypothĂšse oĂč un projet de texte modifie un texte existant, son Ă©laboration doit donner lieu Ă  la mise au point d’un document faisant apparaĂźtre les dispositions qu’il s’agit de rĂ©former dans leur version rĂ©sultant du projet, sous la forme de modifications apparentes. Composition des dossiers pour le secrĂ©tariat gĂ©nĂ©ral du Gouvernement. Sous peine de report de l’instruction, les dossiers des projets de dĂ©cret soumis Ă  l’examen du Gouvernement en vue de leur publication doivent comprendre : ― une fiche recensant l’ensemble des consultations obligatoires et mentionnant la date Ă  laquelle il y a Ă©tĂ© ou sera procĂ©dĂ©, Ă  laquelle sont joints les avis rendus; ― une fiche exposant le raisonnement tenu quant Ă  la nĂ©cessitĂ© de mesures transitoires et leurs modalitĂ©s ; ― pour les projets de dĂ©cret modifiant les textes en vigueur, la version consolidĂ©e du texte modifiĂ© en faisant apparaĂźtre les modifications en corrections apparentes. Production d’une notice explicative Ă  l’appui des dĂ©crets rĂ©glementaires. Une notice n’est ni un support de communication ni un commentaire juridique : sa seule vocation est de donner une information fiable et accessible sur la nature et la portĂ©e des mesures susceptibles d’intĂ©resser directement les destinataires des textes. La notice doit Ă©clairer ses destinataires sur la portĂ©e du texte. Il est prĂ©conisĂ© de la concevoir comme un document court (une demi-page). La rubrique « Notice » doit ĂȘtre rĂ©digĂ©e dans une langue d’usage courant. Elle doit ĂȘtre comprĂ©hensible pour un public qui, tout en prĂȘtant intĂ©rĂȘt Ă  la rĂ©forme, n’est pas nĂ©cessairement par avance averti de ses tenants et aboutissants. Tenant compte de tous les remarques et suggestionsmentionnĂ©s dans cette Introduction etCommentaire, il sera recommandable pour fixer de lignes directives en Haiti, dans un DĂ©cret ou Loi Organique, contenant des principes Ă  garder dans la phase de rĂ©daction d’un texte legislatif. Projet de Decret ou de Loi Organique ConsidĂ©rant qu’une consultation prĂ©-lĂ©gislative est recommandable considĂ©rant que c’est nĂ©cessaire et obligatoire de tenir compte d’une Ă©tude et analyse de l’impact de la proposition lĂ©gislative relative Ă  sa consĂ©quence financiĂšre ou administrative pour Haiti; ConsidĂ©rant qu’il convient d’arrĂȘter des lignes directives fixant les critĂšres d’apprĂ©ciation de la qualitĂ© rĂ©dactionnelle de la lĂ©gislation haĂŻtienne: ConsidĂ©rant que les lignes directives ne sont ni obligatoires, ni exhaustives, et que leur but est de rendre la lĂ©gislation haĂŻtienne aussi clair, simple, concise et comprĂ©hensible que possible; ConsidĂ©rant que ces lignes directrices sont destinĂ©es Ă  servir de rĂ©fĂ©rence dans toutes les commissions et groupes de travail qui participent Ă  la procĂ©dure d’élaboration des textes lĂ©gislatives; que le gouvernement de Haiti est invitĂ© Ă  utiliser ces lignes directives afin de formuler des suggestions d’ordre rĂ©dactionnel, Decrete: L’objectif gĂ©nĂ©ral de rendre la lĂ©gislation haĂŻtienne plus accessible devrait ĂȘtre poursuivi, non seulement par un recours systĂ©matique Ă  la codification, mais Ă©galement par l’utilisation des lignes directives suivantes entant que critĂšres d’apprĂ©ciation des textes lĂ©gislatifs. 1) La formulation de l’acte devrait ĂȘtre claire, simple, concise et sans ambiguĂŻtĂ©s; ainsi, l’emploi abusive d’abrĂ©viations, ou de phrases trop longues devrait ĂȘtre Ă©vitĂ©. La simplification lĂ©gislative repose sur une application rigoureuse des principes de nĂ©cessitĂ© et de proportionnalitĂ©. 2) Ces efforts consistent Ă  la simplification, la codification, la refonte et la consolidation des textes lĂ©gislatifs, et l’abrogation des dispositions obsolĂštes. Afin d’amĂ©liorer la lisibilitĂ© du texte lĂ©gislative d’une part une rĂ©duction du volume des textes est nĂ©cessaire, d’autre part une importante simplification de la lĂ©gislation existante par remplaçantes dispositions trop complexes. 2) Les rĂ©fĂ©rences imprĂ©cises Ă  d’autres textes devraient ĂȘtre Ă©vitĂ©es, de mĂȘme que de trop nombreuses rĂ©fĂ©rences croisĂ©es qui rendent le texte difficile Ă  comprendre. Les textes Ă  rĂ©diger doivent ĂȘtre conformes aux rĂšgles de la lĂ©gislative et textes normatifs de base (Constitution, conventions internationales, DĂ©cret du 17 mai 2005 portant l’organisation centrale de l’Etat).   3) Les diffĂ©rentes dispositions de l’acte devraient ĂȘtre cohĂ©rentes entre elles; en particulier, le mĂȘme terme devrait ĂȘtre utilisĂ© pour exprimer un mĂȘme concept. Le vocabulaire juridique et administratif de Haiti devrait ĂȘtre respectĂ©. 4) Les droits et obligations de ceux, auxquels l’acte s’appliquera devraient ĂȘtre dĂ©finis d’une façon claire. 5) L’acte devrait ĂȘtre Ă©tabli selon la structure type (chapitres, sections, articles, paragraphes). 6) Le prĂ©ambule devrait justifier le dispositive dans des termes simples dans un exposĂ© des motifs. 7) Les dispositions qui n’ont pas un caractĂšre normatif (souhaits, dĂ©clarations politiques) devraient ĂȘtre Ă©vitĂ©es. 8) Les incohĂ©rences avec des actes existants devraient ĂȘtre Ă©vitĂ©es, de mĂȘme que les rĂ©pĂ©titions inutiles de ces derniers. Toute modification, prorogation ou abrogation d’un acte devrait ĂȘtre clairement exprimĂ©e. 9) Un acte qui modifie un acte antĂ©rieur ne devrait pas comporter de dispositions de fond autonomes, mais seulement des dispositions s’intĂ©grant directement dans l’acte Ă  modifier. 10) La date d’entrĂ©e en vigueur de l’acte ainsi que les dispositions transitoires, dans le cas oĂč elles s’avĂ©reraient nĂ©cessaires, devraient ĂȘtre claires. Conclusion Le texte final de ce projet de DĂ©cret ou Loi organique doit ĂȘtre conçu et rĂ©digĂ© par ceux qui connaissent la structure de l’intĂ©rieur de Haiti. Un accompagnement extĂ©rieur peut ĂȘtre fructueux et les expĂ©riences de l’Union EuropĂ©enne dans ce domaine ont une valeur ajoutĂ©e. Elaboration d’un projet de politique nationale de renforcement de la qualitĂ© des textes juridiques en Haiti est souhaitable. En plus l’élaboration d’un projet de manuel de lĂ©gistique adaptĂ© au contexte haĂŻtien dans un groupe de travail interministĂ©riel sera recommendable. —————– RĂ©digé en Haiti par Alfred Kellermann, 15 mai 2017.

ICMP’s Constructive Contribution to The Hague

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By Ms Kathryne Bomberger, Director-General of the International Commission on Missing Persons. The Commissioners of the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) held their annual meeting in Stockholm on 1 June, a year after ICMP formally opened its new headquarters in The Hague, and two and a half years after ICMP was established as an International Organization in its own right under a treaty signed by the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Belgium and Luxembourg. In Stockholm, the Commissioners reviewed ICMP’s remarkable development over the last twelve months and examined key ways in which it can continue to coordinate the international effort to address the issue of missing persons. On a practical level, ICMP’s headquarters at Koninginnegracht 12 are now fully operational. Our core team in The Hague is being expanded, and in the coming months we will bring remaining administrative functions to The Hague from Sarajevo (where ICMP’s headquarters were located from 1996 until 2015). We will also establish a new DNA laboratory here, working in close cooperation with Dutch agencies such as the Netherlands Forensic Institute and also with leading multinationals such as the Qiagen biotechnology company. The demanding process of re-location has been made possible through the generous and support of the Dutch authorities, especially the Foreign Ministry and the City of The Hague. At the opening of ICMP’s headquarters on 7 July 2016, Foreign Minister Bert Koenders delivered a valuable and valued vote of confidence when he said that “as long as people go missing in this world, as a result of conflict, government repression, humanitarian crises, or other causes, ICMP will have a role to play. We are ready to work with you.” The Dutch authorities really have been with us all along the way, providing financial, diplomatic and practical support, and we certainly intend to honor our part of the bargain by making a constructive contribution to the diplomatic and scientific life of The Hague. From our headquarters here, we are coordinating programs throughout the world. ICMP has benefited from long-term Dutch support for its program the Western Balkans, where ICMP spearheaded the effort that made it possible to account for more than 70 percent of those who went missing in the 1990s, including 7,000 of the 8,000 men and boys who went missing at Srebrenica in July 1995. Today, ICMP is helping its partners in the region to maintain the effort to account for 12,000 people who are still missing. Between 2012 and 2014, ICMP operated a successful pilot program in Libya, before being forced to withdraw from the country because of renewed fighting. It has been active in Iraq since 2003 and is currently expanding its program there, training Iraqi experts in crime-scene management and DNA-led identification techniques throughout the country, including areas recently liberated from Da’esh. ICMP is also supporting associations of families of the missing and working with authorities throughout Iraq to develop a coordinated and law-based approach to the issue of missing persons. In Colombia, ICMP was invited by the parties to the Peace Agreement to help the authorities establish a Search Unit that will coordinate the effort to account for more than 65,000 people who disappeared during five decades of conflict. ICMP has also conducted consultations with government authorities and civil society in Sri Lanka, now grappling with the challenge of accounting for tens of thousands of missing from the war that ended in 2009. ICMP is launching a program to assist families from the Syrian conflict in finding their missing relatives. The aim is to establish a future system of locating and identifying those who have gone missing as a result of the conflict. We are also working with government authorities and other organizations to establish a program that will make it possible to begin identifying the rising numbers of irregular migrants who have been drowned trying to cross the Mediterranean. New projects will rely heavily on the knowledge base built over the last 20 years through our cross-cutting programs and will require extensive operational planning, thorough induction programs for new staff, and strategic support from donor and other countries in order to set in place office agreements and other legal and political arrangements that are needed. ICMP is playing its leading role in addressing the global challenge of missing persons in the context of an emerging international consensus that this issue – like the issues of organized crime, people trafficking and drug smuggling – cuts across judicial and national jurisdictions and can only be tackled effectively by applying dedicated techniques as part of a coordinated multinational approach. ICMP’s work is premised on the fact that missing persons can be found and that the rights of survivors – to truth, to justice, and to reparations – can likewise be met. This is validated through ICMP’s successful deployment of political, social and scientific strategies that have been honed over more than 20 years. Today, from our headquarters in The Hague, ICMP is leading a global effort to mitigate human suffering and to help governments ensure that the issue of missing persons does not undermine efforts to consolidate peace and global security. We believe that our work will benefit immensely from our proximity to other international organizations and agencies in The Hague and that in turn we can contribute to their efforts through our expertise and experience.  

A treasure of Hungarian avant-garde painting in Amsterdam, “From fauvism to surrealism” at the Jewish historical museum

H.E. Dr AndrĂĄs Kocsis, Ambassador of Hungary, photography by John DunkelgrĂŒn. By John DunkelgrĂŒn. When I walked into this exposition, I was awed. Paintings in the avant-garde styles as good as any from France or Germany were all around me. Why weren’t these artists known as well as the members of the Blaue Reiter, the BrĂŒcke or say CĂ©zanne and Gaugin? After I left, I felt intense gratitude for having been able to see this and add another page to my memories of great art.
BĂ©la CzĂłbel, Boys, 1907. Photo: IstvĂĄn FĂŒzi. Janus Pannonius Museum.
Few people today know that in the two decades before World War I Budapest was one of the most vibrant cities in the world, the queen of cities in “Mittel Europa”. Population growth was spectacular, especially because of the many tens of thousands of Jews fleeing pogroms and violent anti-semitism in Russia, the Ukraine and Poland. Hungary is a very fertile country and the production of wheat, corn and sugar beets etc. was enormous. With advent of the new machinery powered by steam engines, the processing of the produce became very big business.
HugĂł Scheiber, In de tram, 1925. Private collection, thanks to mediation by the Kieselbach Gallery – Budapest.
Also after the “Ausgleich” of 1861 (a deal with Austria about Hungary’s position within the Dual Monarchy) business conditions became far less restrictive. These three trends made for a phenomenal growth in wealth. In Budapest, where the Jewish population grew to almost a quarter, quite a lot of Jews rbecame important in business as well as in government. Parallel with this economic growth came a blossoming of the arts. Painters, writers, composers and musicians reached world levels. The arts were considered a truly national pride. When Mihály Munkácsy, Hungary’s most famous painter, died in 1900, he was given a state funeral on a par with that of Victor Hugo! A great many of these artists were Jewish. Unfortunately due to a number of circumstances only the composers are widely known today. The Jewish Historical Museum is trying to rectify this with a magnificent exposition of 85 works by nineteen Jewish painters, who were very famous at the time and deserve to be so today. The styles vary from fauvist through cubist to surrealist, predominantly on general, i.e. non-Jewish themes. The artists worked in a period of global turmoil, the first World War, the (Hungarian) revolution of 1919 and rapidly growing anti-semitism. Some of them were even active in The Netherlands. Vilmos Huszár was one of the founders of the art movement “De Stijl”, of which the centennial is celebrated this year.
Armand Schönberger, Cafe de la Paix, ca. 1929. TĂŒrr IstvĂĄn Museum– Baja.
  The exposition, the largest ever of Hungarian art works in The Netherlands, shows that Hungarian art of the period was an important part of the international art scene. Hungarian artists traveled abroad and were influenced by the trends of the moment. At the opening, the ambassador of Hungary, H.E. Dr AndrĂĄs Kocsis, spoke of the important contributions Hungary’s Jews had made to the economy and the arts in his country. He did so in admirable Dutch! Jaap Scholten, a Dutch writer and historian who lives in Budapest, gave a fascinating exposĂ© of the political history and artistic development of Hungary.
RĂłbert BerĂ©ny, Lady in an armchair, 1912. Private collection, thanks to mediation by the VirĂĄg Judit Gallery – Budapest
There is a magnificent bilingual catalogue written by the Project Director of the exposition, Dr. Joël Cahen, the previous Director of the museum and for those who read Dutch some very good articles in the current JCK magazine. The exposition runs through September 24.

Seminars: Employment Law and Real Estate

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On the picture is Mr Jan Dop, head of the Embassy Desk, and experienced lawyer and partner at Russell Advocaten. The Embassy Desk of Russell Advocaten, a corporate full-service law firm in the Netherlands that is well-established within the diplomatic world, is hosting two seminars for Ambassadors and Embassy staff on Monday the 12th of June between 12:00 and 14:00 in Amsterdam. Two parallel sessions will focus on Employment Law (personnel handbook, illness, etc.) and Real Estate (government permits, environment, (sub)lease etc.). During these interactive sessions, practical legal questions and developments will be discussed. The aim of the event is to present relevant information in an easily accessible way. The Employment Law session will mainly focus on the effect of a personnel handbook in preventing employment related legal issues. The Embassy Desk will discuss the importance of applying rules and instructions and the positive effects thereof. The Real Estate session will provide an introduction to Dutch Real Estate Law, with a focus on government permits and building restrictions for Embassies and their neighbours. The seminar will be preceded by a lunch. To learn more about the activities and services of the Embassy Desk, please click here. If you are interested in attending the event (free of charge), please register at https://www.embassydesk.nl/seminar-12-june-2017/. See the seminar agenda here.  

Ziyanda Majozi nominated

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The South African Embassy in The Hague would like to congratulate Ziyanda Majozi who was nominated as the 2017 recipient of the prestigious Thami Mnyele Foundation Artist-in-Residence programme. Ziyanda is a very ambitious young woman; mosaicist, artist and human rights activist who would like to make change through Art. She creates personal art that aims ta change how people see things. Established in 1992, the Thami Mnyele Foundation has been running a unique three month artists- in-residence program for the past 20 years with the Residency being based in Amsterdam. The main objective of the Foundation is to enhance and promote cultural exchange between artists from Africa, the Netherlands with Amsterdam as the host city.
ziyanda Majozi @majozi_ziyanda
The Foundation is named in commemoration of the South African artist and former member of the ANC MEDU group, Thami Mnyele. Thami Mnyele inspired Dutch artists to set up an artists-in-residence program, after a visit with the CASA cultural project in the Netherlands in the nineties. The first years the focus was only on artists from South Africa, however, since 1997 artists from all African countries could apply. The Embassy would like to wish Ziyanda well during her stay in the Netherlands and would also like to commend the Thami Mnyele Foundation for its continued commitment to strengthening people to people relations and promoting young artistic talent from South Africa. Issued by the South African Embassy. ——— On the image: Converse takkies (2013) by Ziyanda Majozi.

Why we need more ministers

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By Barend ter Haar. Until seven years ago, Dutch governments used to consist of 26 to 29 ministers: 14 to 16 full ministers and 10 to 14 state secretaries, that carry the title of minister when they are abroad. Since 2010 this number has come down to 20. At first sight that might seem a welcome sign of frugality in times of austerity, but in reality it has harmed Dutch interests. What national politicians tend to forget is that major decisions concerning the future of the Netherlands are at present usually taken outside the Netherlands and that ministers are needed as national representatives to influence these decisions as much as possible. In former times the most important issues on the national agenda were domestic affairs. International conferences were a sideshow that could be left to the minister of Foreign Affairs, but this has changed dramatically. Domestic matters, such as public health, tensions in inner cities and the state of local nature and environment are nowadays strongly influenced by what happens abroad. Climate change, cyber security and migration are among a growing number of matters that cannot be effectively handled at the national level, but require intensive international cooperation, often in the form of ministerial conferences. What every diplomat that has attended international conferences knows, is that the influence a country can exert depends on the formal level of its participation. In theory all heads of delegation are considered to be equal, but in practice a distinction is made between ministers and professional diplomats. Take for example a UN conference that is attended by 120 of the 193 member states of the United Nations and let us assume that two states are represented by their president, seventy by a minister and the rest by professional diplomats. The two presidents will have the opportunity to speak at the beginning of the conference and will therefore be able to get their message across to all delegations. Most ministers will have the courtesy to listen to at least some of their colleagues, but when, at the end of the plenary meeting, it is the turn of the other high officials, most seats will be filled by young trainees. What is even more important are the opportunities that ministers have for informal consultations during coffee breaks, lunches and dinners. Foreign ministers might be willing to listen to Dutch diplomats, but they will interpret the absence of a Dutch minister as a sign that the Netherlands takes the subject of a conference less seriously and will therefore tend to ignore the Dutch position. By being absent at many conferences, Dutch ministers have left many opportunities to influence the international agenda unused. In order to safeguard Dutch values and interests a new Dutch government should make sure that it has sufficient ministers available to participate in international conferences at the appropriate level.  

DerriĂšre les murs du Palais de la Paix : permanence et changements de la Cour internationale de Justice

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S.E. M. Philippe Couvreur est arrivĂ© Ă  La Haye en avril 1982, oĂč il a d’abord occupĂ© le poste d’assistant spĂ©cial aux bureaux du greffier et du greffier adjoint de la Cour internationale de Justice.

Il a ensuite exercĂ© les fonctions de SecrĂ©taire, Premier SecrĂ©taire et SecrĂ©taire juridique principal, avant d’ĂȘtre Ă©lu Greffier de la Cour en 2000, et réélu en 2007 et 2014. Pour marquer l’anniversaire de ses dĂ©buts Ă  la Cour, il y a 35 ans, Diplomat Magazine l’a invitĂ© Ă  tĂ©moigner de son expĂ©rience unique au service de cette institution, des Ă©volutions qu’il a pu y observer, et Ă  partager le regard qu’il porte sur les changements qui ont marquĂ© la Cour et La Haye au cours des trois derniĂšres dĂ©cennies.
Philippe Couvreur avec le Pape Jean-Paul II prise le 13 mai 1985.
Je suis arrivĂ© Ă  La Haye en avril 1982 — de façon aussi inattendue que j’avais entamĂ© des Ă©tudes de droit treize ans auparavant (mais c’est lĂ  une autre histoire
) — pour occuper un poste temporaire Ă  la Cour internationale de Justice. La Cour Ă©tait alors la seule institution judiciaire internationale existante au plan universel. Son activitĂ©, particuliĂšrement faible Ă  la fin des annĂ©es 1970, ne pouvait en ce temps-lĂ  guĂšre laisser prĂ©sager du succĂšs que rencontrerait la Cour dans les dĂ©cennies Ă  venir. Mon bienveillant maĂźtre de Louvain, le professeur Paul de Visscher, fils du cĂ©lĂšbre internationaliste Charles de Visscher, unique juge belge Ă  la Cour, m’avait prĂ©dit des jours aussi sereins qu’heureux, Ă©coulĂ©s Ă  lire et Ă  Ă©crire des ouvrages dans la solitude des imposants murs de la bibliothĂšque du Palais de la Paix

Les mĂ©moires ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ»ment dĂ©posĂ©s dans l’affaire El Salvador c. Honduras dans la salle Bol le 1 juin 1988, l’affaire du DiffĂ©rend frontalier terrestre, insulaire et maritime.
En rejoignant la Cour, un frais matin d’avril, dont je garde un souvenir trĂšs prĂ©cis, le jeune juriste que j’étais dĂ©couvrit, non sans Ă©tonnement, une organisation de taille trĂšs modeste, le Greffe, qui en est l’organe administratif, alors composĂ© de moins d’une quarantaine de fonctionnaires. Le fonctionnement de la Cour reposait entiĂšrement sur cette Ă©quipe restreinte de personnel permanent, auquel s’ajoutait, selon que de besoin, un personnel temporaire pour faire face au surcroĂźt de travaux linguistiques et de stĂ©nodactylographie lors des sessions (publiques et privĂ©es) de la Cour. Je me rappelle avoir Ă©tĂ© frappĂ© par la personnalitĂ© haute en couleur de certains de ces traducteurs indĂ©pendants, dont la grande culture littĂ©raire m’émerveillait. Cette structure trĂšs Ă©conomique du Greffe impliquait une grande polyvalence de ses membres, et les SecrĂ©taires de la Cour — ses fonctionnaires supĂ©rieurs — Ă©taient appelĂ©s, en sus de leurs travaux de recherches juridiques, de prĂ©paration des documents de la Cour, et de rĂ©daction de la correspondance diplomatique, Ă  assumer eux-mĂȘmes l’essentiel des tĂąches linguistiques (traduction et interprĂ©tation) et d’information, ainsi que la supervision de nombreuses activitĂ©s administratives et logistiques.
La Grande salle de Justice, l’affaire Relative au Timor Oriental (Portugal c. Australie) ArrĂȘt du 30 juin 1995.
Il n’était nullement rare qu’un nouveau venu comme moi ait Ă  passer week-ends et nuits blanches au Palais de la Paix Ă  effectuer les travaux les plus divers
 allant jusqu’à imprimer et polycopier, sur de vieilles machines Ă  stencils ronĂ©otype, des dĂ©cisions dont la Cour devait donner la lecture en sĂ©ance publique le lendemain ! DĂšs mon arrivĂ©e au Greffe, j’ai eu le bonheur et le privilĂšge d’ĂȘtre initiĂ© et associĂ© Ă  l’ensemble des fonctions de l’institution sous la patiente supervision de personnalitĂ©s d’exception, tels que MM. Torres BernĂĄrdez et Pillepich, alors respectivement Greffier et Greffier adjoint. J’en ai retirĂ© le plus grand bĂ©nĂ©fice, puisque cette immersion sans prĂ©paration dans toutes les facettes de l’activitĂ© du Greffe m’a permis d’acquĂ©rir de ce dernier une connaissance unique — de l’intĂ©rieur — et sous tous ses aspects —, un acquis particuliĂšrement prĂ©cieux au moment oĂč j’ai Ă©tĂ© amenĂ©, bien des annĂ©es plus tard, Ă  assumer la dĂ©licate responsabilitĂ© d’en assurer la gestion au plus haut niveau. Devenir un fonctionnaire du Greffe au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1980 signifiait accepter de se couler sans discussion dans un moule Ă  tous Ă©gards exigeant, et se donner corps et Ăąme, avec humilitĂ© et discrĂ©tion, Ă  l’institution, sans penser Ă  soi ni parler de soi. Depuis ces annĂ©es d’initiation, j’ai Ă©tĂ© le tĂ©moin de profondes transformations de la Cour, rendues inĂ©vitables Ă  la fois pour rĂ©pondre Ă  l’accroissement considĂ©rable de ses activitĂ©s, avec la disparition du monde bipolaire qui avait relĂ©guĂ© le rĂšglement judiciaire Ă  un rĂŽle quelque peu marginal, et pour saisir les opportunitĂ©s nouvelles offertes, notamment, par le progrĂšs des technologies et de la communication. Entre 1982 et aujourd’hui, le nombre de fonctionnaires a ainsi presque triplĂ© (il a quasiment doublĂ© depuis l’an 2000, annĂ©e de ma premiĂšre Ă©lection en tant que Greffier). L’organisation du travail a Ă©tĂ© progressivement spĂ©cialisĂ©e entre les divers dĂ©partements, juridique, linguistique et chargĂ© de l’information, qui furent créés en 1997, et les services techniques. Par ailleurs, les Membres de la Cour ne disposĂšrent pas, pendant longtemps, de « rĂ©fĂ©rendaires » — ils s’y sont d’ailleurs longtemps refusĂ©s—, et l’assistance apportĂ©e aux juges en matiĂšre judiciaire Ă©tait principalement rĂ©partie entre les fonctionnaires du DĂ©partement des affaires juridiques.
H.E. Philippe Couvreur avec la Reine Beatrix photo prise pendant le 50 eme anniversaire de la Cour (18-04-1996).
Les cinq premiers postes de juristes rĂ©fĂ©rendaires ne furent obtenus de l’AssemblĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©rale et créés qu’en 2002, Ă  l’issue de difficiles nĂ©gociations que je me souviens avoir menĂ©es avec beaucoup de plaisir et d’intĂ©rĂȘt ; le nombre de ces postes s’est progressivement accru, pour s’élever Ă  quinze aujourd’hui. Les divers dĂ©veloppements qui ont marquĂ© le monde au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies n’ont pas manquĂ© de soulever pour la Cour de nouveaux dĂ©fis. Comme c’est le cas pour toute institution, elle n’a pu les relever en faisant table rase des enseignements de son histoire ni, Ă  l’inverse, en ne saisissant pas toutes les opportunitĂ©s offertes par le temps prĂ©sent. A ces diffĂ©rents Ă©gards, la Cour est certainement parvenue, au fil des ans, Ă  assurer un Ă©quilibre, toujours dĂ©licat, entre changements et continuitĂ©. La continuitĂ© de la Cour est bien sĂ»r inscrite dans son Statut, qui fait partie intĂ©grante de la Charte des Nations Unies, et reflĂ©tĂ©e dans ses mĂ©thodes judiciaires, qui ont Ă©tĂ© trĂšs largement Ă©laborĂ©es par sa devanciĂšre, la Cour permanente de Justice internationale, et hĂ©ritĂ©es d’elle. Cette continuitĂ© historique Ă©tait particuliĂšrement prĂ©sente lorsque j’ai rejoint le Greffe. Ainsi, en maniĂšre d’anecdote, divers hauts fonctionnaires alors en poste avaient eux-mĂȘmes cĂŽtoyĂ©, au dĂ©but de leur carriĂšre, d’anciens fonctionnaires de la Cour permanente. Tous nourrissaient Ă  l’égard de cette derniĂšre le plus grand respect. Il rĂ©gnait d’ailleurs dans les couloirs du Palais de la Paix une atmosphĂšre feutrĂ©e et dĂ©licieusement surannĂ©e, Ă©vocatrice de la dĂ©funte SociĂ©tĂ© des Nations. Je me souviens en avoir encore utilisĂ© maintes fournitures de bureau ! La continuitĂ© jurisprudentielle et procĂ©durale entre les deux Cours constitue pour les Etats une garantie importante de sĂ©curitĂ© et de prĂ©visibilitĂ© juridiques. Cette continuitĂ©, juridique et historique, de mĂȘme que l’expĂ©rience accumulĂ©e en plus de quatre-vingt-dix ans d’exercice de la fonction judiciaire, sont pour la Cour un facteur crucial de lĂ©gitimitĂ©.
H.E. Philippe Couvreur vec le Roi Willem-Alexander photo prise pendant le 70 eme anniversaire de la Cour (20-04-2016).
En mĂȘme temps, la Cour a eu, Ă  l’évidence, Ă  s’adapter aux changements du monde rĂ©el dans lequel elle opĂšre, comme aux nĂ©cessitĂ©s et opportunitĂ©s nouvelles de chaque Ă©poque traversĂ©e. L’une des transformations notoires auxquelles j’ai assistĂ© fut l’ouverture croissante de la Cour sur l’extĂ©rieur : longtemps Ă  l’écart, Ă  dessein, des organes politiques des Nations Unies, la Cour a souhaitĂ© se faire plus et mieux entendre de ces organes et des Etats membres. Elle a ainsi rompu avec ce qui Ă©tait parfois perçu comme un « splendide isolement » au sein des Nations Unies, mĂȘme si elle dĂ©fend toujours jalousement son autonomie. La Cour doit en outre dĂ©sormais Ă©galement tenir compte des nombreuses autres juridictions, internationales ou rĂ©gionales, qui ont Ă©tĂ© créées ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, et veiller, autant que possible, Ă  assurer l’harmonie du « concert judiciaire » que permet ce foisonnement de cours et tribunaux sur la scĂšne internationale. Davantage ouverte sur la communautĂ© internationale et ses rĂ©alitĂ©s, la Cour s’est montrĂ©e de plus en plus attentive, non seulement Ă  sa place dans l’Organisation des Nations Unies, mais aussi Ă  la poursuite des objectifs de celle-ci et Ă  sa mission propre au service du rĂšglement pacifique des diffĂ©rends internationaux. Des diffĂ©rends de plus en plus complexes, tant juridiquement que factuellement, en mĂȘme temps que politiquement plus denses, lui ont Ă©tĂ© soumis. En rĂ©visant constamment, selon que de besoin, ses mĂ©thodes de travail, elle a su les rĂ©soudre rapidement et efficacement, Ă  un coĂ»t particuliĂšrement modeste pour la communautĂ© internationale, tout en assurant le dĂ©veloppement du droit. Enfin, pour conclure sur une note plus prosaĂŻque, mais qui est loin d’ĂȘtre nĂ©gligeable, je ne peux taire la chance que j’ai eue de connaĂźtre l’extraordinaire dĂ©veloppement de la ville de La Haye au cours des 35 derniĂšres annĂ©es. Celle-ci offre aujourd’hui Ă  la Cour, comme aux nombreuses institutions internationales qui s’y sont installĂ©es Ă  sa suite, une qualitĂ© de vie et un cadre de travail uniques, qui sont trĂšs loin de ressembler Ă  ce que j’ai trouvĂ© en y arrivant. A l’image de l’imposante stature du Palais de la Paix oĂč elle siĂšge, symbole mondialement connu de la justice internationale, la Cour est une institution solidement Ă©tablie. En dĂ©pit des pĂ©riodes de doute ou de dĂ©saffection qu’elle a traversĂ©es par le passĂ©, son rĂŽle est unanimement saluĂ© au sein de la communautĂ© internationale et le recours Ă  ses services par les Etats n’a jamais Ă©tĂ© aussi soutenu. 35 ans aprĂšs, je continue de mesurer chaque jour le privilĂšge qui est le mien de servir au mieux de mes capacitĂ©s l’organe judiciaire principal des Nations Unies. —– Les photos dans l’article sont une courtoisie de la Cour International de Justice.

A Brighter Future for the China-Netherlands Friendship

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By H.E. Mr Wu Ken, Chinese Ambassador to the Kingdom of the Netherlands.   In May, the most beautiful season of the Netherlands, we will celebrate the 45th anniversary of diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level between China and the Netherlands, which is a historic moment for both our countries. China and the Netherlands are located at the two ends of the Eurasian continent respectively, but the two peoples share a long history of enduring exchanges, despite the geographical distance. Over 400 years ago, the “Maritime Silk Road” stretching from Guangzhou of China to the Netherlands had already linked the two peoples together. Tea, silk, porcelain and other Chinese products were introduced into Europe through the merchant vessels of the “Sea Coachmen”. The Netherlands was one of the first Western countries to recognize the People’s Republic of China and the two countries established diplomatic relations at chargĂ© d’affaires level in 1954. On 18 May 1972, the leaders of the two countries, with a far-sighted strategic vision and political wisdom, upgraded the diplomatic relations to the ambassadorial level, thus ushering in a new era of development of friendly bilateral relations. The past 45 years have witnessed the increasingly mature political relations between our two countries. During this period, the China-Netherlands relations have kept moving forward despite the volatile international situation and twists and turns of the bilateral ties. Especially since 2014, with the historic mutual state visits by President XI Jinping and King Willem-Alexander, both sides together enhanced the China-Netherlands relationship to a new position of “Open and Pragmatic Partnership for Comprehensive Cooperation”, which laid a solid foundation for its future development, and promoted bilateral relationship into its best period of development in history. Recently on 12 April, two Giant Pandas, Wu Wen and Xing Ya have just arrived in the Netherlands from China and will make their public debut very soon. This is an important fruit of the mutual visits of our two Heads of State, and the most convincing example of the China-Netherlands friendship and cooperation as well. The past 45 years have also witnessed the substantial development of our pragmatic cooperation. The bilateral trade volume grew from a mere US$69 million in 1972 to US$67.2 billion in 2016, an increase of almost 1,000 times in 45 years. The Netherlands is now China’s second largest trading partner in the EU and China is the Netherlands’ second largest trading partner outside the EU. Meanwhile, the Netherlands has nearly 3,200 investment projects in China and China has almost 600 in the Netherlands. Our bilateral cooperation in agriculture, water management, chemical industry and logistics is among the best in the cooperation between China and European countries and there are more and more similar amazing achievements. With the continuous transformation and development of China’s economy and society, and with the deepening and implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, I firmly believe that the potential of our pragmatic cooperation in various fields will be tremendous. The past 45 years have moreover witnessed the steady deepening of the friendship between our two peoples. The Dutch famous philosopher Baruch Spinoza once said, “The heart is not conquered by force, but by love and tolerance”. In China there is also an old saying, “Amity between the people holds the key to relations between countries”. In recent years, the two countries have often mutually sent high-level art troupes and held performances and exhibitions of various kinds. For example, the “Happy Chinese New Year” performances have been held in the Netherlands for 11 consecutive years and have become widely participated highlights among local people. The China Cultural Center in the Haguethe new important fruit of bilateral cultural exchanges, was officially inaugurated last year. As more and more Dutch people begin to learn Chinese, following Leiden Confucius Institute and Groningen Confucius Institute, the third Confucius Institute will be unveiled within this year. At present, 10 Dutch middle schools have already set up Confucius Classroom and the number will reach 13 this year. The Netherlands saw more tourists coming from China than from any other Asian country and China has become the second largest origin of overseas students of the Netherlands. The cultural and people-to-people exchanges have enhanced the understanding of the two peoples, further consolidated the public and social foundation for the development of bilateral relations and become one of the “three locomotives” for the steady and sound development of bilateral relations along with political and economic exchanges. The achievements in the past 45 years are really hard-won. As the incumbent Chinese Ambassador to the Netherlands, I have great confidence in the future development of the China-Netherlands relations. Yesterday, one of my Dutch friends asked for my opinion on the following development of bilateral relations. I told him to have a look at the spring flower field in the Netherlands and there lies my answer. Yes, indeed, just like the vast beautiful sea of flowers, the prospect of the China-Netherlands cooperation will surely be broad and the China-Netherlands friendship will definitely enjoy a brighter tomorrow!

The MICT and the Future of International Criminal Justice

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By Judge Theodor Meron, President of the Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals. The Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals is an institution that finds itself, in many ways, at a critical juncture in the evolution of international criminal justice. As the successor to the first international criminal courts of the modern era—the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and for the former Yugoslavia—the Mechanism is responsible for carrying out key residual functions inherited from its predecessors, such as the protection of vulnerable witnesses and the enforcement of sentences of those convicted by the ICTR or the ICTY. It is, in many ways, the guardian of the important legacies of these two pioneering Tribunals in Arusha and The Hague, and the embodiment of the international community’s abiding commitment to accountability and the rule of law, a commitment reflected in the establishment of the ICTR and the ICTY nearly a quarter century ago. At the same time, the Mechanism is an active court in its own right, with two major appeal cases currently pending, a trial about to commence, and on-going proceedings related to requests for review and other relief. It must find a harmonized, one-institution approach to its operations spanning two continents, an approach that draws in an equitable manner on the traditions and practices of its predecessors while remaining capable of addressing the variable operational needs and constraints at its branches in Africa and Europe. And it is very much at the vanguard of a new generation of institutions and initiatives aimed at harnessing innovations and identifying best practices with the goal of making international criminal justice more efficient, more cost-effective, and thereby more sustainable in the long-term. Indeed, thanks to the direction given to it by the UN Security Council to be small and efficient, the Mechanism is, in many ways, bound to question existing orthodoxies as to how international criminal courts can and should carry out their work and to seek out new, improved ways of accomplishing its work—so long as it does so without jeopardizing respect for the principle of normative continuity or the rights of those individuals for whom and to whom it is responsible. The Mechanism’s Statute, for instance, provides for Judges to serve on a roster, to work only when needed and to carry out their functions remotely from their homes and offices in countries around the world unless they are called to one of the seats of the Mechanism’s branches. The Statute also provides for Judges to be paid by days of work (as is the case for the Judges ad hoc of the International Court of Justice), expands the competence of single Judges, and provides for certain matters to be addressed by three-Judge appeal panels. All of this reflects a new approach as compared to the ICTR and the ICTY—and is but one of myriad ways in which the Mechanism, as a matter of institutional design and through evolving practice, exemplifies an effort to address a chorus of criticisms of international criminal justice that has grown in recent years. The rising tide of these criticisms—criticisms of the cost of international criminal courts’ operations and of the duration and selective nature of their proceedings—raises serious concerns with which all of us who care about this still developing field must grapple. Indeed, if such criticisms are left unaddressed, we risk seeing the important advances made in the fight to end impunity over the past twenty-five years fall away. As a result, it is imperative that our approach to ensuring accountability for violations of international law continue to evolve, that we encourage creative thinking and learn from past mistakes, and that we share these lessons broadly so as to maximize their benefit. But there is only so much that international courts like the Mechanism can achieve on their own. Our success—as an institution and as a model for a new kind of international court—depends to a great extent on the support of States. Such support can take many forms: sharing ideas and suggestions for innovation; collaborating on and supporting information-sharing activities; providing vital services as a Host State; ensuring the protection of witnesses; enforcing sentences of convicted individuals; cooperating with court orders; facilitating the relocation of individuals who were acquitted or released following service of sentence; and contributing to the on-going efforts to arrest the eight remaining fugitives indicted by the ICTR, three of whom are expected to be tried by the Mechanism. The support and cooperation of States are all the more vital given the unique structure of the Mechanism, with its operations spanning two continents and its Judges working from countries around the world, as demonstrated by the deeply troubling situation involving Mechanism Judge Aydin Sefa Akay of Turkey. The arrest of Judge Akay in Turkey in September 2016, and his continued detention there notwithstanding the formal assertion of his diplomatic immunity by the United Nations and a judicial order directing his release, has serious implications not just for the Judge himself and for the Mechanism case to which he was assigned at the time of his arrest, but also for the Mechanism’s ability to carry out its core judicial functions in accordance with the remote-judging model established by the Security Council. Moreover, for all that the Mechanism can and will achieve as it moves forward, it inevitably will remain just one small piece of a much larger puzzle. Alone, it can never address the deeply destructive problem of the selective application of the law. The only way for the fight to end impunity for international crimes to succeed in the long term, and for the problem of selectivity—which is anathema to the rule of law—to be addressed, is for States to take action: to strengthen their own capacity to try cases involving international crimes; to contribute to the strengthening of that capacity in other States; to resist political manoeuvring aimed at shielding selected individuals from accountability; and to explore all possible avenues to ensure accountability, such as through regional courts. By taking such steps now, at this critical moment in the evolution of international justice, States will benefit from the momentum developed in the past twenty-five years in The Hague and elsewhere—and, together with the Mechanism, they will help to ensure that the ground-breaking advances made in accountability over the course of the last quarter century will benefit generations to come. ———- The author: Judge and past President of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia; former Judge of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda; Charles L. Denison Professor Emeritus and Judicial Fellow, New York University School of Law; Visiting Professor, University of Oxford, since 2014.