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Derrière les murs du Palais de la Paix : permanence et changements de la Cour internationale de Justice

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S.E. M. Philippe Couvreur est arrivé à La Haye en avril 1982, où il a d’abord occupé le poste d’assistant spécial aux bureaux du greffier et du greffier adjoint de la Cour internationale de Justice.

Il a ensuite exercé les fonctions de Secrétaire, Premier Secrétaire et Secrétaire juridique principal, avant d’être élu Greffier de la Cour en 2000, et réélu en 2007 et 2014. Pour marquer l’anniversaire de ses débuts à la Cour, il y a 35 ans, Diplomat Magazine l’a invité à témoigner de son expérience unique au service de cette institution, des évolutions qu’il a pu y observer, et à partager le regard qu’il porte sur les changements qui ont marqué la Cour et La Haye au cours des trois dernières décennies.
Philippe Couvreur avec le Pape Jean-Paul II prise le 13 mai 1985.
Je suis arrivé à La Haye en avril 1982 — de façon aussi inattendue que j’avais entamé des études de droit treize ans auparavant (mais c’est là une autre histoire…) — pour occuper un poste temporaire à la Cour internationale de Justice. La Cour était alors la seule institution judiciaire internationale existante au plan universel. Son activité, particulièrement faible à la fin des années 1970, ne pouvait en ce temps-là guère laisser présager du succès que rencontrerait la Cour dans les décennies à venir. Mon bienveillant maître de Louvain, le professeur Paul de Visscher, fils du célèbre internationaliste Charles de Visscher, unique juge belge à la Cour, m’avait prédit des jours aussi sereins qu’heureux, écoulés à lire et à écrire des ouvrages dans la solitude des imposants murs de la bibliothèque du Palais de la Paix…
Les mémoires ont été dûment déposés dans l’affaire El Salvador c. Honduras dans la salle Bol le 1 juin 1988, l’affaire du Différend frontalier terrestre, insulaire et maritime.
En rejoignant la Cour, un frais matin d’avril, dont je garde un souvenir très précis, le jeune juriste que j’étais découvrit, non sans étonnement, une organisation de taille très modeste, le Greffe, qui en est l’organe administratif, alors composé de moins d’une quarantaine de fonctionnaires. Le fonctionnement de la Cour reposait entièrement sur cette équipe restreinte de personnel permanent, auquel s’ajoutait, selon que de besoin, un personnel temporaire pour faire face au surcroît de travaux linguistiques et de sténodactylographie lors des sessions (publiques et privées) de la Cour. Je me rappelle avoir été frappé par la personnalité haute en couleur de certains de ces traducteurs indépendants, dont la grande culture littéraire m’émerveillait. Cette structure très économique du Greffe impliquait une grande polyvalence de ses membres, et les Secrétaires de la Cour — ses fonctionnaires supérieurs — étaient appelés, en sus de leurs travaux de recherches juridiques, de préparation des documents de la Cour, et de rédaction de la correspondance diplomatique, à assumer eux-mêmes l’essentiel des tâches linguistiques (traduction et interprétation) et d’information, ainsi que la supervision de nombreuses activités administratives et logistiques.
La Grande salle de Justice, l’affaire Relative au Timor Oriental (Portugal c. Australie) Arrêt du 30 juin 1995.
Il n’était nullement rare qu’un nouveau venu comme moi ait à passer week-ends et nuits blanches au Palais de la Paix à effectuer les travaux les plus divers… allant jusqu’à imprimer et polycopier, sur de vieilles machines à stencils ronéotype, des décisions dont la Cour devait donner la lecture en séance publique le lendemain ! Dès mon arrivée au Greffe, j’ai eu le bonheur et le privilège d’être initié et associé à l’ensemble des fonctions de l’institution sous la patiente supervision de personnalités d’exception, tels que MM. Torres Bernárdez et Pillepich, alors respectivement Greffier et Greffier adjoint. J’en ai retiré le plus grand bénéfice, puisque cette immersion sans préparation dans toutes les facettes de l’activité du Greffe m’a permis d’acquérir de ce dernier une connaissance unique — de l’intérieur — et sous tous ses aspects —, un acquis particulièrement précieux au moment où j’ai été amené, bien des années plus tard, à assumer la délicate responsabilité d’en assurer la gestion au plus haut niveau. Devenir un fonctionnaire du Greffe au début des années 1980 signifiait accepter de se couler sans discussion dans un moule à tous égards exigeant, et se donner corps et âme, avec humilité et discrétion, à l’institution, sans penser à soi ni parler de soi. Depuis ces années d’initiation, j’ai été le témoin de profondes transformations de la Cour, rendues inévitables à la fois pour répondre à l’accroissement considérable de ses activités, avec la disparition du monde bipolaire qui avait relégué le règlement judiciaire à un rôle quelque peu marginal, et pour saisir les opportunités nouvelles offertes, notamment, par le progrès des technologies et de la communication. Entre 1982 et aujourd’hui, le nombre de fonctionnaires a ainsi presque triplé (il a quasiment doublé depuis l’an 2000, année de ma première élection en tant que Greffier). L’organisation du travail a été progressivement spécialisée entre les divers départements, juridique, linguistique et chargé de l’information, qui furent créés en 1997, et les services techniques. Par ailleurs, les Membres de la Cour ne disposèrent pas, pendant longtemps, de « référendaires » — ils s’y sont d’ailleurs longtemps refusés—, et l’assistance apportée aux juges en matière judiciaire était principalement répartie entre les fonctionnaires du Département des affaires juridiques.
H.E. Philippe Couvreur avec la Reine Beatrix photo prise pendant le 50 eme anniversaire de la Cour (18-04-1996).
Les cinq premiers postes de juristes référendaires ne furent obtenus de l’Assemblée générale et créés qu’en 2002, à l’issue de difficiles négociations que je me souviens avoir menées avec beaucoup de plaisir et d’intérêt ; le nombre de ces postes s’est progressivement accru, pour s’élever à quinze aujourd’hui. Les divers développements qui ont marqué le monde au cours des dernières décennies n’ont pas manqué de soulever pour la Cour de nouveaux défis. Comme c’est le cas pour toute institution, elle n’a pu les relever en faisant table rase des enseignements de son histoire ni, à l’inverse, en ne saisissant pas toutes les opportunités offertes par le temps présent. A ces différents égards, la Cour est certainement parvenue, au fil des ans, à assurer un équilibre, toujours délicat, entre changements et continuité. La continuité de la Cour est bien sûr inscrite dans son Statut, qui fait partie intégrante de la Charte des Nations Unies, et reflétée dans ses méthodes judiciaires, qui ont été très largement élaborées par sa devancière, la Cour permanente de Justice internationale, et héritées d’elle. Cette continuité historique était particulièrement présente lorsque j’ai rejoint le Greffe. Ainsi, en manière d’anecdote, divers hauts fonctionnaires alors en poste avaient eux-mêmes côtoyé, au début de leur carrière, d’anciens fonctionnaires de la Cour permanente. Tous nourrissaient à l’égard de cette dernière le plus grand respect. Il régnait d’ailleurs dans les couloirs du Palais de la Paix une atmosphère feutrée et délicieusement surannée, évocatrice de la défunte Société des Nations. Je me souviens en avoir encore utilisé maintes fournitures de bureau ! La continuité jurisprudentielle et procédurale entre les deux Cours constitue pour les Etats une garantie importante de sécurité et de prévisibilité juridiques. Cette continuité, juridique et historique, de même que l’expérience accumulée en plus de quatre-vingt-dix ans d’exercice de la fonction judiciaire, sont pour la Cour un facteur crucial de légitimité.
H.E. Philippe Couvreur vec le Roi Willem-Alexander photo prise pendant le 70 eme anniversaire de la Cour (20-04-2016).
En même temps, la Cour a eu, à l’évidence, à s’adapter aux changements du monde réel dans lequel elle opère, comme aux nécessités et opportunités nouvelles de chaque époque traversée. L’une des transformations notoires auxquelles j’ai assisté fut l’ouverture croissante de la Cour sur l’extérieur : longtemps à l’écart, à dessein, des organes politiques des Nations Unies, la Cour a souhaité se faire plus et mieux entendre de ces organes et des Etats membres. Elle a ainsi rompu avec ce qui était parfois perçu comme un « splendide isolement » au sein des Nations Unies, même si elle défend toujours jalousement son autonomie. La Cour doit en outre désormais également tenir compte des nombreuses autres juridictions, internationales ou régionales, qui ont été créées ces dernières années, et veiller, autant que possible, à assurer l’harmonie du « concert judiciaire » que permet ce foisonnement de cours et tribunaux sur la scène internationale. Davantage ouverte sur la communauté internationale et ses réalités, la Cour s’est montrée de plus en plus attentive, non seulement à sa place dans l’Organisation des Nations Unies, mais aussi à la poursuite des objectifs de celle-ci et à sa mission propre au service du règlement pacifique des différends internationaux. Des différends de plus en plus complexes, tant juridiquement que factuellement, en même temps que politiquement plus denses, lui ont été soumis. En révisant constamment, selon que de besoin, ses méthodes de travail, elle a su les résoudre rapidement et efficacement, à un coût particulièrement modeste pour la communauté internationale, tout en assurant le développement du droit. Enfin, pour conclure sur une note plus prosaïque, mais qui est loin d’être négligeable, je ne peux taire la chance que j’ai eue de connaître l’extraordinaire développement de la ville de La Haye au cours des 35 dernières années. Celle-ci offre aujourd’hui à la Cour, comme aux nombreuses institutions internationales qui s’y sont installées à sa suite, une qualité de vie et un cadre de travail uniques, qui sont très loin de ressembler à ce que j’ai trouvé en y arrivant. A l’image de l’imposante stature du Palais de la Paix où elle siège, symbole mondialement connu de la justice internationale, la Cour est une institution solidement établie. En dépit des périodes de doute ou de désaffection qu’elle a traversées par le passé, son rôle est unanimement salué au sein de la communauté internationale et le recours à ses services par les Etats n’a jamais été aussi soutenu. 35 ans après, je continue de mesurer chaque jour le privilège qui est le mien de servir au mieux de mes capacités l’organe judiciaire principal des Nations Unies. —– Les photos dans l’article sont une courtoisie de la Cour International de Justice.

Panama Gastronomic Festival April 2024

By Roy Lie Atjam

The Ambassador of Panama H.E. Ms. Elizabeth Ward Neiman hosted a Panamanian gastronomic festival featuring food specialities of her country Panama. It was a two-day festival that took place in The Hague on 18-19 April 2024.

Ambassador Elizabeth Ward Neiman entertained fellow ambassadors from Argentina, Chili, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Greece and Curacao, along with high representatives from ICC, ICJ, IOM, business persons, and public servants to name a few. The Food Festival was open to members of the public by reservation via Leo’s International Flavors.

Thomas Kortleve, General Manager of Royal Leonardo Royal Hotel The Hague.

Ambassador Ward Neiman delivered her welcome address, she was introduced by Mr Thomas Kortleve, General Manager of Leonardo Royal Hotel The Hague, who recently returned from a fabulous and revealing visit to Panama. He very much appreciated the architecture of the old city and of course the Panamanian cuisine.

The Ambassador stated in her speech It is an honor and a privilege for me, as the Ambassador of Panama to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, to address you tonight during the Panama Gastronomic Festival. Today, we gather to celebrate Panama´s culinary diversity and showcase its offerings as a tourist destination, an investment hub, and, of course, a gastronomic paradise.

Panama Embassy team.

Panamanian cuisine is a living reflection of our history, culture, and diversity. Combining indigenous, African, European, and Asian influences with the fresh and exotic ingredients that characterize our land, each dish you savor will tell a unique and delicious story.

From sancocho to ceviche, from coconut rice to patacones, our cuisine is a sensory journey that brings people together around the table.

Ambassador Ward Neiman and Chef Roberto Torres.

For tonight´s meal, renowned Panamanian chef Roberto Torres´s creativity stands out.  Roberto has prepared a unique menu that blends tradition with innovation, while taking our palates on a journey through Panamanian cuisine. His culinary talent and his passion for local ingredients are undeniable.

However, Panama is not only a gastronomic destination but also a country filled with breathtaking landscapes, a rich history and a vibrant culture. Additionally, it offers a conducive environment for investment and business growth. With a solid economy, a strategic and safe location, and a welcoming business atmosphere, Panama stands as an ideal destination for those seeking new opportunities.

I want to commend the work of our co-hosts, the Consulate General of the Panamanian Merchant Marine in Rotterdam.

This consulate plays a crucial role in facilitating services related to navigation under the Panamanian flag, ensuring compliance with the highest international standards of safety and maritime regulation.

Traditional San Blas Mola Art exhibited at Leonardo Royal Hotel During the Panama Food Festival.

I also wish to express my gratitude to Diplomat Magazine and to the Leonardo Hotel for their help in organizing this event which allows us to share our gastronomic culture with you. Their continued support to the diplomatic community as well as their commitment to excellence is invaluable.

Last, but never least, I mention special words of appreciation to the embassy team who are the backbone of everything we do.

H.E. Mr. Philippe Couvreur, ICJ Judge and the Ambassador of Argentina, H.E. Mr. Mario Oyarzabal.

The Gastronomic Festival is more than just a celebration of food; it is a tribute to Panamanian identity and hospitality. I invite all of you now to explore the flavors of Panama and enjoy our traditional dances, while you admire our typical dress, the pollera.

Long live Panamanian gastronomy, and the friendship between Panama and the Netherlands!

Panama stands out. Green diplomacy, is an interesting concept. Panama, known for its tourism, investment opportunities, and gastronomy, is also a country that takes climate change seriously. In 2021, Panama produced 82% of its electricity from renewable resources, setting an example for other governments around the world. Panama is leading the way in conserving carbon sinks while transitioning to clean energy.

Ambassador Ward Neiman, with H.E. Mr. Antonio Polosa, IOM Chief of Mission and Ms. Fyfy Djeradi, Secrétariat,ICJ.
Panama Food Festival 2024

At the dinner, Ambassador Ward Neiman, who was elegantly dressed in red and had a friendly smile, chatted with guests at each table. She even made a second round, this time introducing Chef Roberto Torres.

The three-course menu consisted of ceviche in yellow leche de tigre, seabass, cheese empanada, and more for the starter. The main course was duo de Caribe, which included escabeche, pork belly, and roasted chicken. For dessert, guests enjoyed sweet corn cake, coffee-chocolate mousse, caramelized pineapple with lemon sorbet. Beverages served at the dinner included red, white, and rose wines, as well as a choice of Zombie Cocktail and pineapple-coconut juice before the dinner.

Minoska Ramirez and Julian Perez-Urriola from Panama Conjunto Folclorico, Bailes y Tradiciones de Berlin.

The event also featured a display of typical Panamanian outfits, as well as a dance performance by the group Conjunto Folclorico Panama, Bailes y Tradiciones de Berlin. The performers, Julian Perez-Urriola and Minoska Ramirez, put on a dazzling show.

The evening was further animated by a constant flow of lively Panamanian tunes. Overall, the Panamanian gastronomic festival was impressive, combining indigenous, African, European, and Asian influences with fresh and exotic ingredients. It catered to different tastes, appealing to food lovers and foodies alike.

All in attendance enjoyed the gastronomic festival.

The Curacao Experience Ambassadors Edition 2024 Expressions of Gratitude

By Roy Lie Atjam

On April 10, a group of ambassadors who participated in The Curacao Experience – Ambassadors Edition 2024, gathered at Leonardo Royal Hotel The Hague to express their gratitude and extend their congratulations to H.E. Minister Plenipotentiary Carlson Manuel for his outstanding coordination and creation of an amazing atmosphere throughout the visit.

“We  would also like to extend our appreciation to all stakeholders involved in organizing this successful and delightful voyage.”

Dr. Mayelinne De Lara, Diplomat Magazine’s Publisher, Curacao Minister, Carlson Manuel, the Ambassador of Colombia, H.E. Ms. Carolina Olarte Bácares and the Ambassador of Moldova, H.E. Mr. Veaceslav Dobîndă.

The attendees were treated to a video presentation of the “Curacao Experience -Ambassadors Edition 2024” displaying over a hundred pictures taken during the trip. The video was accompanied by music from renowned artist Izaline Calister and other performers. Minister Manuel was presented with a gift on behalf of the participants, an apple from Royal Delft. An apple was chosen as it is an ancient symbol of good health. Besides the Royal Delft apple, several personal gifts were presented to the Minister. As a courtesy, Diplomat Magazine offered Minister Manuel with a 3-layer cake in the tricolour of Curacao, by Marta Orban along with a degustation of  Punche Crema, a typical beverage of Curacao.

Minister Manuel thanked the Ambassadors for their loyal participation. He went on to thank his staff for their mega contribution. Further, he also thanked Diplomat Magazine for their preparatory work.

H.E. Ms. Carolina Olarte Bácares,Ambassador of Colombia.

The celebration highlighted powerful speeches by H.E. Ambassador Carolina Olarte Bácares of Colombia and H.E. Ambassador Veaceslav Dobîndă of Moldova. Their impactful words left a lasting impression on the occasion.

An extract of the delivery by Ambassador Carolina Olarte-Bácares of Colombia. “Dear Minister, dear Carlson, I have the pleasure and honor to address to you a few words of gratitude on behalf of the group of ambassadors and attendees of the Curacao Experience.

Curacao and Diplomat Magazine Team together with the ambassadors of Colombia and Moldova with Minister Carlson Manuel.

We have organized this meeting to express our thankfulness to you and to your entire team, for organizing the trip to your wonderful island, and especially for the interest and warmth with which you prepared the program and welcomed us.

We would also like to express our appreciation for the participation of the authorities at the highest level, with whom we had the opportunity to interact, such as the Governor, the Prime Minister and several of the cabinet ministers, as well as a significant number of civil servants and experts.

All of them provided rich presentations with insightful information and analysis, and in that regard, we want to highlight particularly the moderation of the various panel discussions. Their professionalism is another example of the current consistency and the great future that Curaçao has.

Ambassadors, spouses, Diplomat Magazine and Curacao team all attending the event.

The way in which every detail was taken care of, from the smallest to the largest, allowed us to see the industriousness and dedication of your team, whom we also thank. Yet, we want to make a very special acknowledgement of a person, Kirina, who truthfully deserves the award of providing all the solutions and the attentions.

We had the chance to notice the great number of sponsors that the Curacao event had. Hence, we would like to specially ask you to let them know about our full appreciation. Today, we can do this to Diplomat Magazine, for which we also want to thank the support provided by her director, Mayelinne De Lara, who helped us and is part of the organization of today`s event.

Since returning, we’ve discussed Curaçao among ourselves and colleagues, processing information and generating new ideas. In sum, this ambassadors experience in Curaçao has been a success from our point of view, and we hope that more people will be able to live it.”

H.E. Mr. Veaceslav Dobîndă , Ambassador of Moldova.

The next speaker was, Ambassador Veaceslav Dobîndă of Moldova. In part he statedDear Carlson, Kirini, Jessica, Excellencies, Friends, Kalibambeya!It is a great privilege and honor to express on behalf of the team of ambassadors all the gratitude for the professionalism and hospitality that we all benefited from during “The Curacao Experience – Ambassadors Edition 2024“.

I can say without hesitation that it was an extraordinary experience that combined a comprehensive agenda and knowledge about the unique environment, history, business and investment opportunities, academic projects, and exceptional tourism infrastructure.

On the other hand, the efforts of your team, together with the perfect weather conditions and the kindness of the people, made our joint meeting a real success, both in terms of form and content. Certainly, now Curacao has become a splendid future destination for many of us, but also for our colleagues, friends, and family members.

H.E. Ms. Carolina Olarte Bácares,Ambassador of Colombia, H.E. Mr. Arnoldo Brenes Castro, Ambassador of Costa Rica, Dr. Mayelinne De Lara, Diplomat Magazine’s Publisher, H.E. Mr. Agustín Vásquez Gómez, Ambassador of El Salvador and H.E. Mr. Juan Duran, Ambassador of the Dominican Republic.
H.E. Ms Elizabeth War Neiman, Ambassador of Panama and Minister Carlson Manuel.

We enjoyed the whole range of positive emotions, in terms of the Papiamento language, multiculturalism, art, simplicity and originality, delicious food, Curacao cocktails and of course the fascinating local people. And if you allow me, I will also add live music and dance.

We are extremely grateful for your generosity and in this way, we reciprocate our gratitude and friendship to you, supplemented by wishes for peace, prosperity, creativity, and well-being.

Dear Carlson, please accept our highest consideration for this unforgettable experience and we would like to reiterate once again that we are proud and lucky to have met you and your tireless team!”

Minister Manuel envisages organising similar voyages to Curacao in the near future. The reception was a resounding success, and all attendees left in high spirits.

Minister Carlson Manuel, we all say, masha danki!

Indonesia Ready to Lead Water Governance Transformation at the 10th World Water Forum

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JAKARTA, April 23, 2024 – (ACN Newswire) – The Indonesian government, according to the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR), believes that the 10th World Water Forum in Bali will be able to generate political consensus among participating heads of state, and achieve the agreements necessary to address the global climate challenge.

The World Water Forum (WWF) is the largest gathering in water sectors involving various stakeholders, and is co-hosted by the World Water Council and a host city. Held every three years, it has been taking place since 1997, with participants from politics, multilateral institutions, academia, civil society and the private sector.

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia will host the 10th World Water Forum in Bali from 18–25 May 2024. The National Organizing Committee (NOC) is chaired by the Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment, Luhut B. Pandjaitan, while the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR), Basuki Hadimuljono, will serve as Daily Chairperson.

This year’s Forum will be attended by numerous heads of state, with several former world leaders expressing their intention to be present, considering it necessary to attend. These include the former Presidents of Chile, Hungary, Slovenia, Malawi, Sri Lanka, and Costa Rica. The former Prime Ministers of Belgium, Korea, and Bhutan will also be present.

Written by TR/Elvira Inda Sari/WW, ANTARA: https://en.antaranews.com.

Mois de la Francophonie

Par Alexandra Paucescu

La soirée inaugurale du Mois de la Francophonie, sous le slogan « Francophonie sans frontières », s’est tenue à la Résidence du Canada le 1er mars 2024.

Cet événement a constitué un rendez-vous incontournable dédié à la présentation de la diversité culturelle de sept pays qui avaient organisé des espaces spécifiques : la Belgique, la Croatie, la Côte d’Ivoire, le Maroc, la Roumanie, le Sénégal et la Tunisie. Présents lors de la soirée d’inauguration du Mois de la Francophonie, notamment les ambassadeurs de la Pologne, de la France, et du Rwanda.

Dans chaque espace dédié à l’un des sept pays, il y avait de l’artisanat et d’autres expressions artistiques, des plats typiques ainsi que des desserts, des vins, thés et boissons aux fruits. La Roumanie a également offert des vins exquis qui ont égayé l’événement.

L’Ambassadeur du Canada, S.E. M. Hugh Adsett, l’Ambassadeur de Tunisie, S.E. M. Skander Denguezli, l’Ambassadeur Mamadou Bamba Hanne, Représentant Permanent de l’OIF auprès de l’Union Européenne, et l’Ambassadeur Geneviève Brisson, Déléguée Générale du Québec à Bruxelles, étaient présents pour cette occasion.

La soirée a été embellie par la présence de la violoniste Mme Murielle Lemay, qui a obtenu son baccalauréat en musique de la prestigieuse université McGill de Montréal et a approfondi ses études en violon au Conservatoire Royal de Liège, puis en composition au Conservatoire Royal de Bruxelles. Le guitariste M. François Thomas Sagne, diplômé du Conservatoire régional de Chambéry et du Conservatoire Royal de Bruxelles, a accompagné Murielle. Thomas Sagne explore les univers musicaux en allant du jazz à la fusion, en passant par la musique contemporaine et expérimentale.

La violoniste Mme Murielle Lemay et le guitariste M. François Thomas Sagne en plein performance.

L’Ambassadeur Brisson a eu une pensée pour le décès de l’ancien Premier Ministre du Canada Brian Mulroney et a indiqué que le drapeau sera mis en berne à la Délégation Générale du Québec.

Elle a également souligné sa satisfaction d’être présente afin de célébrer ensemble avec les partenaires du GAF l’appartenance à la Francophonie et la richesse des liens qui unissent, bien au-delà de la langue.

l’Ambassadeur de Tunisie, S.E. M. Skander Denguezli.

L’Ambassadeur de Tunisie, Skander Denguezli, a prononcé un discours chaleureux au début de l’événement.

“Rappelons que la langue française rassemble aujourd’hui plus de 321 millions de locuteurs à travers le globe, dont 225 millions en font un usage quotidien. Elle est la 5ème langue mondiale par le nombre de ses locuteurs et la seule, avec l’anglais, à être présente sur les cinq continents. La Tunisie, l’un des pays fondateurs de la Francophonie, a accueilli le 18ème Sommet de l’OIF, organisé à Djerba en novembre 2022, qui a coïncidé avec le cinquantième anniversaire de la création de la Francophonie.

La Tunisie accorde une attention constante et particulière au développement du projet francophone, vecteur d’amitié, de solidarité et de coopération entre ses membres. Le prochain Sommet, le 19ème, sera ouvert le 4 octobre 2024 à la Cité Internationale de la Langue Française à Villers-Cotterêts. Dès à présent, je souhaite à nos amis français tout le succès pour cette prochaine édition dans l’intérêt commun de tous les membres de la famille francophone.”

L’Ambassadeur a remercié tous ceux qui ont contribué à l’organisation des différentes activités du Mois de la Francophonie, notamment le groupe de travail au niveau des missions diplomatiques, la Représentation Permanente de l’OIF à Bruxelles, l’Alliance Française de La Haye, l’Institut Français et le Lycée Vincent van Gogh.

Madame Geneviève Brisson, Déléguée Générale du Québec à Bruxelles et ’Union Européenne à Bruxelles et SEM Mamadou Bamba Hanne, Représentant Permanent de l’OIF auprès de l’Union Européenne à Bruxelles.

Le programme du Mois de la Francophonie au niveau du GAF comporte principalement les activités suivantes : la projection de courts-métrages francophones de Côte d’Ivoire, de France, du Maroc, de Suisse, du Sénégal, de Tunisie et du Québec au cinéma Filmhuis à La Haye, ouverte au Corps Diplomatique ainsi qu’au grand public ; et une réception offerte par le Bureau de l’OIF à Bruxelles.

l’Ambassadeur Mamadou Bamba Hanne, Représentante Permanente de l’OIF auprès de l’UE, est également intervenue à cette occasion avec une petite et significative allocution. L’événement a été une autre démonstration de la bonne coopération entre les pays francophones et de son importance dans le monde.

Your Gateway to Success in the Netherlands

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Erez Corporate Services proudly stands as one of the first entities licensed by the Dutch Central Bank under the Trust Offices Supervision Act (Wtt) in 2004. With an impressive 25 years of experience, it has evolved from a family business into a trusted name in the industry.

‘Clients aren’t just clients to us; they’re family’, they say.

Erez Corporate Services offers an international in-house team of experienced professionals and supporting auditors, tax advisors, lawyers or notary officers through their extensive network. Among the clients are both national and international holdings, finance and royalty companies and foundations as well as trading companies and special purpose entities.

Whether it is management, domiciliation, accounting or legal services, taking care of the complete administration, including tax filing for (international) customers, they act as your eyes, ears and hands in the Netherlands, bridging international legislation, tax-related and cultural gaps on your behalf.

Sustainable client relationships are the foundation of their success. ‘Expertise matters, and at Erez, it’s a cornerstone of our service’.

From EMEA countries and Asia to North and South America, clients worldwide benefited from Erez Corporate Services. Situated in Hilversum, near Amsterdam, and conveniently close to Schiphol International Airport, they are accessible, with professionals fluent in Dutch, French, English, German, Russian and Hebrew, making sure that you feel like you are in very good hands.

Erez Corporate Service has also the knowledge and experience to guide you to establish or expand your business internationally, while fully benefiting from the stability, EU membership, favorable tax rates and treaties with over one hundred countries that the Netherlands offers.

Harry Blik

Erez Corporate Service B.V.

Koninginneweg 31
1217 KR  Hilversum  
The Netherlands
+31 35 621 8282

info@erez.nl

www.erez.nl

Farewell Luncheon Honoring Ambassador Aruni Ranaraja

The Director of the Asia and Oceania Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Wouter Jurgens, hosted a farewell luncheon to honor the Ambassador of Sri Lanka to the Netherlands, Her Excellency Ms. Aruni Ranaraja. Ambassador Ranaraja, after three years of dedicated service to her country in the Netherlands, will be returning to Colombo.

The luncheon, held at Kookstudio Eric Jan Fransen, was attended by a selected group of ambassadors and officials close to Ambassador Ranaraja. Ms. Gerrie Willems, Deputy Director of the Asia and Oceania Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, graciously served as the host for the occasion.

In her remarks, Ambassador Ranaraja reflected on her tenure in the Netherlands, expressing gratitude for the fruitful and successful collaborations achieved during her time. She highlighted milestones such as the establishment of a new honorary consulate and deepening connections with the Sri Lankan community in the Netherlands.

Ms. Gerrie Willems, Deputy Director of the Asia and Oceania Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs presented a souvenir to the Ambassador of Sri Lanka, H.E. Ms Aruni Ranaraja.

Ambassador Ranaraja took a moment to personally acknowledge each individual present at the luncheon, emphasizing the significance of their contributions to her tenure in the Netherlands in different ways.

The event was marked by warmth, camaraderie, and fond reminiscences, symbolizing the deep bonds forged during Ambassador Ranaraja’s tenure.

As Ambassador Ranaraja embarks on her journey back to her beloved country, we extend our best wishes for her continued success and prosperity.

Celebrating Azerbaijani Culture: 30 Years of UNESCO

In the grandeur of the Nieuwe Kerk of The Hague, an evening of cultural celebration unfolds. Ambassadors, special guests, and music lovers friends of Azerbaijan gather for a spectacle of Azerbaijani classical music, an homage to the nation’s rich heritage and its commitment to global cultural dialogue. Hosted by His Excellency Mr. Rahman Mustafayev, Ambassador of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and His Excellency Mr. Seymur Fataliyev, Secretary-General of the National Commission of the Republic of Azerbaijan for UNESCO, this event commemorates the 30th anniversary of Azerbaijan’s engagement with UNESCO.

Azerbaijan 30 Anniversary of UNESCO

As the audience settles into the pews of the baroque-style church, Ambassador Mustafayev welcomes them to an evening of musical enchantment. The ambiance is imbued with reverence for the centuries-old tradition of Azerbaijani classical music, a tapestry woven from the threads of history, geography, and cultural diversity. In his address, the Ambassador emphasizes the profound significance of music as a medium for storytelling, emotional expression, and cultural preservation.

Azerbaijani music, with its intricate melodies and poetic lyricism, embodies a harmonious fusion of East and West, reflecting the nation’s diverse cultural landscape.

“We are immensely proud that Mugham and the music of Ashig, as well as national musical instruments of Azerbaijan such as “Kamancha’’ and “Tar” are recognized by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. To date, 23 cultural heritage samples of Azerbaijan were inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO. This underscores the global importance and the vital role of Azerbaijani culture in fostering cultural diversity and human creativity.”

His Excellency Mr. Rahman Mustafayev, Ambassador of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Beyond the realm of music, Azerbaijan’s commitment to UNESCO’s mission is exemplified through its initiatives in education and cultural preservation. The country’s support for the UNESCO Global Education Coalition reflects a dedication to advancing access to quality education, particularly for marginalized communities. By allocating resources to initiatives that promote gender equality and connectivity, Azerbaijan exemplifies the transformative power of education in fostering social inclusion and sustainable development.

As the concert unfolds, the audience is treated to excelent performances by Azerbaijani musicians, including merited artist Jeyla Seyidova, opera singer Afag Abbasova, and Tar virtuoso Ibrahim Babayev. Their virtuosity and passion pay homage to the luminaries of Azerbaijani classical music—visionaries such as Uzeyir Hajibeyli, Gara Garayev, and Fikrat Amirov, whose compositions have left an indelible mark on the world stage.

Through excerpts from iconic operas and ballets, the audience embarks on a musical journey that traverses the landscapes of Azerbaijani folklore and mythology. From the timeless tale of “Leyli and Majnun” to the evocative melodies of “Seven Beauties” and “Path of Thunder,” each composition is an example to the strong legacy of Azerbaijani composers and their ability to captivate audiences with their creativity and innovation.

In commemorating 30 years of collaboration with UNESCO, Azerbaijan reaffirms its role as a custodian of cultural diversity and a champion of global cultural diplomacy.

Finance – Mass Destruction Weapon? Sanctions: Intentions and Results

By Corneliu Pivariu

In the last fifty years, more than ever before, finances have become a powerful instrument of influence and negotiation between states. The increase in power of transnational entities and their weight in today’s world has led to the emergence of new elements that exceed state dimensions. Besides the emergence of what has been called for some time “economic hitmen,” whose results are seen in various countries around the world, from South America to Europe, a mechanism through which political pressure can be exerted on a state or regime is through economic sanctions.

 Apart from the significant effects they can have on the economy and population of a state, sanctions can be considered an effective means of pressure on a recalcitrant regime or state. They can be used to induce political and other changes, potentially leading the population of the targeted state to demand and support profound changes.

The essential question is whether economic sanctions are indeed effective in achieving the political and economic objectives intended by their issuers. Their effectiveness is primarily determined by two elements: how the state(s) adopting these sanctions adhere to them, and how the targeted state manages to counteract the effects of these sanctions.

An eloquent example is the sanctions imposed on Iran in the context of its nuclear program. Despite the negative consequences on the Iranian economy, these sanctions did not lead to the cessation of the nuclear program. Furthermore, these sanctions reinforced the opinion among the Iranian population that developing nuclear weapons is the best way to ensure national sovereignty.

Another example is the case of North Korea, which, despite facing severe sanctions, continues its nuclear and ballistic development program, ignoring pressures and sanctions.

In both cases, there have been states that have helped both Iran and North Korea mitigate the negative effects of the sanctions they face.

Another example, often forgotten, more or less intentionally, is that of the sanctions imposed on Libya after the Lockerbie terrorist attack (1992 – 2003). These had a limited effect on the Kaddafi regime, both due to the countermeasures taken by the Libyan regime and due to the partial non-compliance of some states, including France, Germany, and Italy. Romania, although having significant economic interests in Libya (especially in the oil industry), amounting to many millions of dollars, fully complied with the sanctions, including by closing the direct flight between Bucharest and Tripoli. However, Romania did not know how to properly capitalize on and obtain compensation for the losses suffered in this case.

The most recent example is the sanctions imposed on Russia after the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. So far, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union have imposed more than 16,500 sanctions on Russia. The main targets were Russia’s funds, with financial reserves of around $350 billion being frozen (approximately half of the total reserves). Another major target was exports of oil and natural gas.

However, the sanctions did not have the intended effects, as Russia found ways to limit their impact. It is estimated that Moscow uses a fleet of about 1,000 tankers under foreign flags, managing to export around 8.3 million barrels per day, especially to India and China.

The effects of the sanctions were seen in 2022 when Russia’s economy contracted by 2.1%, but grew by 2.3% in 2023, with an estimated growth of 1.1% in 2024.

The conclusion of some important experts is that the sanctions did not make the war costly enough for Russia, which means it will be able to continue it for some time.

It can thus be concluded that economic sanctions are not a foolproof instrument, and their results can vary depending on several factors, such as the political context, the level of international support, and the resilience capacity of the target. In the end, the effectiveness of economic sanctions depends on careful planning and implementation, accompanied by as broad international support and involvement as possible, and the resolution of global crises and conflicts.

Material for MEPEI TALKS2, Bucharest, April 10, 2024

Unveiling History: Leonardo da Vinci and Verrazzano’s Royal Discovery of New York (1524-2024)

ISBN: 1-0364-0017-4

Published on March 14th, 2024, by Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Link to Purchase: https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-0364-0017-0

In the intricate threads  of history, some facts remain hidden until a diligent scholar unravels them, shedding light on forgotten truths and rewriting the narrative of our past. “Leonardo da Vinci and Verrazzano’s Royal Discovery of New York (1524-2024): Codex Cèllere Reassessed” is one such revelation, offering a compelling reassessment of aan important moment in transatlantic exploration.

Authored by Professor Dr. Stefaan Missinne, a distinguished figure in the realms of historical discovery and exploration, this book unveils layers of history previously obscured by time. Professor Missinne’s credentials, including his status as a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, Laureate of the Belgian Prince Albert Society, and Honorary President of the Austrian-Belgian Society, underscore his expertise and commitment to scholarly inquiry.

Within the annals of Verrazzano Castle in Greve in Chianti, Professor Missinne, renowned for his discovery of the da Vinci Globe from 1504, unearthed a 500-year-old treasure: the travel report of Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano. This discovery set forth a captivating journey, leading from the heart of Italy to the halls of Windsor Castle, where Leonardo da Vinci’s papers revealed a world map dating back to circa 1515. This map depicted an open seaway between Florida and Newfoundland, challenging existing narratives of geographical understanding.

But the intrigue deepens. Did Verrazzano’s encounter with Magellan in Seville in 1517 foreshadow his historic voyage? And what of Leonardo da Vinci, who resided in France from 1516 to 1519—did he, in his ingenious way, influence Verrazzano and his royal patron? Astonishingly, the ties between the Verrazzano and da Vinci families stretch back to Florence, where they were once neighbors, adding layers of complexity to this enthralling narrative.

In this reassessment, Professor Missinne presents new evidence, weaving together the threads of history to unveil the intertwined fates of Leonardo and Verrazzano. The Codex Cèllere, housed at the Pierpont Morgan Library, emerges as New York’s literary birth certificate, marking a seminal moment in the city’s storied history.

“Leonardo da Vinci and Verrazzano’s Royal Discovery of New York” invites readers on a journey through time, where the past comes alive with newfound clarity and intrigue. This volume contains new historic findings which are of relevance to the French-Italian-American-Dutch diplomacy. 

Stolen Baroque painting returned to the UK with Eurojust support

The seventeenth century painting ‘A Rocky Coast, with Soldiers Studying a Plan’ has been safely returned to the United Kingdom from Romania with the support of Eurojust. The Italian Baroque landscape by Salvator Rosa was stolen from the Christ Church Picture Gallery in Oxford in March 2020. The Agency supported the investigation and played a key role in facilitating cross-border judicial cooperation between the national authorities involved.

The handover of the painting took place on 26 March 2024 at the National Museum of Art, Bucharest, between Thames Valley Police, Romanian Police, Christ Church College and the Romanian Ministry of Culture. This was assisted by the National Crime Agency’s International Liaison Network.

The UK authorities are appealing for information about two other paintings stolen in the same raid: ‘A Soldier on Horseback’ by Anthony van Dyck, dating from around 1616, and ‘A Boy Drinking’ by Annibale Carracci, dating from around 1580.

The Romanian police were contacted by a man in possession of the Rosa painting, who had sold on the other two artworks, which are understood to be somewhere in Europe. He chose to return the Rosa painting to the authorities. The man is being treated as a witness by the Romanian authorities and has not been arrested.

The three works had an estimated value of GBP 10 million (EUR 11.7 million)

The case was opened at Eurojust at the request of the United Kingdom. The Agency helped the national authorities involved to coordinate their investigations and to resolve the legal problems related to the different national laws. Eurojust assisted the UK authorities in drafting a letter of restitution for the Romanian authorities so that the painting could be returned promptly to Oxford Christ Church.

This investigation was also supported by Europol

The following authorities took part in this investigation:

Romania: Public Prosecutor’s Office attached to Ilfov Tribunal (PPO), Romanian Police Directorate for Investigating Economic Crime (IGPR – DICE)

United Kingdom: Thames Valley Police, National Crime Agency International Liaison Network