On the picture from left to right: Ambassador of Tunesia, Ahmed Chafra, Ambassador of Yemen, Dr. Yahia bin Mohammed Al-Shaibi, Ambassador of Egypt, Dr. Badr Ahmed Mohamed Abdelatty, Ambassador of Lebanon, Dr. Mustapha Adib, Premier of NRW, Armin Laschet, Ambassador of Palestine, Dr. Khouloud Daibes, Ambassador of Bahrain, Abdulla Abdullatif Abdulla, Ambassador of the Arab League, Ambassador of Sudan, Badreldin Abdalla Ahmed.
Monday, 3 September 2018: Premier of NRW, Armin Laschet received a delegation of Arab League Ambassador at Government House in Düsseldorf.
Topics of multilateral discussions included more trade between North Rhine-Westphalia and the countries in question but also the exchanges in areas of science, education and cooperation in security policies and the fighting of extremism. Arab League countries ought to become more engaged in facilitating police and security records on refugees as well as in providing educational opportunities to them in the hosting countries.
Before being received by Premier Laschet, all ambassadors were welcomed by Economy Minister Prof. Dr. Andreas Pinkwart, to discuss concrete steps to further exchanges in i) trade, ii) direct investments and iii) start-ups.
NRW also puts emphasis in knowledge transfer: there is already a programme that invites students from the German Jordanian University in Amman and Madaba to study at the RWTH Aachen, and they wish to expand such programme to other Arab countries.
First experience visiting a sauerkraut factory for few diplomats was recently organised by Ms Maja C. Steenwijk Groot on the picture together with H.E. Hiroshi Inomata, Ambassador of Japan and spouse Ms. Midori Inomata, and Mr. Boris Zhilko, Deputy Minister at the Embassy of Russia.
5,000 tons of sauerkraut are processed every year and then shipped throughout France, Europe and even to the United States. These products consist for more than 90% of cabbage grown on the fertile fields in the northern part of the Dutch province North Holland.
Eurojust and Albania take major step to strengthen the fight against cross-border organised crime
Ms Etilda Gjonaj, Minister of Justice of the Republic of Albania, and Mr Ladislav Hamran, President of Eurojust, the European Union’s Judicial Cooperation Unit, signed a cooperation agreement to enhance operational and strategic judicial cooperation between Albania and Eurojust. It will be the third cooperation agreement between Eurojust and a State in the Western Balkan region and is a further important step in the joint fight against serious transnational crime, since it will unlock the possibility of a safe and efficient exchange of judicial information and sharing of evidence. The signing ceremony took place in the context of this year’s EU-Western Balkans Ministerial Forum on Justice and Home Affairs in Tirana, and in the presence of Dr Josef Moser, Minister of Constitutional Affairs, Reforms, Deregulation and Justice of Austria, and Ms Věra Jourová, European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality.
Mr Hamran said: ‘In our globalised world, criminals cross borders and so must our criminal justice systems.I warmly welcome the conclusion of today’s cooperation agreement, which will consolidate our partnership and bring Albania fully into the Eurojust family. It will unlock the full possibilities for Albania to take part in and benefit from all the practical cooperation tools offered through Eurojust to prosecute serious, cross-border crime cases, bring suspects to justice and protect our citizens. Only together can we make Europe a safer place.’Dr Moser said: ‘On an international level, we can only crack down on crime if we act together in a global effort. Eurojust promotes and facilitates the coordination and cooperation among the national judicial authorities in prosecuting serious cross-border crime in the EU. Yesterday, we saw in the framework of the Western Balkans Conference that Albania is now ready to cooperate more closely with the EU — also in the area of criminal law. The Austrian Presidency greatly welcomes the cooperation between Eurojust and Albania. In this context, we have importantly set the course for better and more intensive cooperation of Albania with the EU.’Ms Jourová said: ‘I welcome the signature of the Eurojust-Albania cooperation agreement. Closer ties between the Albanian and European judicial authorities will help improve the fight against transnational crime. The aim is simple: we want to make life of organised crime groups more difficult by exchanging information and evidence faster. The agreement will strengthen cooperation and mutual trust between Albania and its EU partners, contributing to Albania’s European perspective.’Fast and efficient exchange of information and evidence between Albania and EU Member States in international crime investigationsWith today’s agreement, Albania will benefit from accessing Eurojust’s information systems as well as from sharing personal data and evidence with prosecutors and investigators from all over Europe. The agreement creates also the possibility to appoint a Liaison Prosecutor to Eurojust in the near future to further improve cooperation. Since 2015, Albania has been involved in 36 international investigations into serious cross-border crime, supported by Eurojust, mainly concerning organised crime groups that engage in drug trafficking and crimes against life, limb or personal freedom, such as murder, kidnapping and illegal trade in human organs. Since 2017, Albania has also participated in two joint investigation teams (JITs), including one with Italy. The formal negotiations to enter into a cooperation agreement were initiated in 2016A strong hands-on partnership with the Western BalkansSince 2008, Eurojust has established an increasingly strong framework for structural judicial cooperation between EU Member States and the Western Balkan States in the area of serious crime. Eurojust has cooperation agreements in place with fYROM since 2008 and with Montenegro since 2016. These States also have Liaison Prosecutors appointed at Eurojust in The Hague, who work side by side with magistrates from the EU Member States to facilitate ongoing investigations. There are contact points for Eurojust in five Western Balkan States, including in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Facilitation of nearly 200 joint criminal investigations between EU Member States and Western Balkan StatesFrom January 2015 to September 2018, 193 cases were registered with Eurojust involving Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, fYROM, Montenegro and Serbia. The most common crime types were swindling and fraud, drug trafficking, as well as crimes against life, limb or personal freedom. During the reference period, 9 joint investigation teams (JITs) between EU Member States and Western Balkan States were established.
By Urmat Kalmanbetov, Attache of the Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic to Benelux and France, Permanent Representation to the EU, NATO and UNESCOThis year Kyrgyzstan hosted III World Nomad Games, which are now considered by many countries and organizations as nomadic Olympics. The World Nomad Games is the biggest international project held in the Kyrgyz Republic, a project initiated by the government in 2012 for the revival and preservation of the culture of nomadic civilization.The mission of the World Nomad Games covers the revival, development and preservation of the ethno-culture, diversity and originality of the people of the world in order to foster a more tolerant and open relationship between people. We can see now that the goals were achieved by the scale of the III World Nomad Games, which far exceeded the previous games, demonstrating the growing popularity and attention to the event. The Games with its’ grandeur and spectacle attracted attention of many people from near and far abroad.World Nomad Games 2018.This year delegations from over 90 countries, including such countries as Netherlands, France, Great Britain, USA took part in the games in 37 types of etnosports, which were covered by more than 600 foreign mass media representatives from 56 countries. Sportsmen from all over the world, including Europe, America and Africa competed in horse races and games, different types of wrestling, martial arts, archery, intellectual games, hunting and many other games. Such big representation of countries in the World Nomad Games says that they are not only for countries with nomadic past. The Games have the global goal to show and share the rich nomadic culture to the world. Nomadic world connects hundreds of people together. Their culture is original, unique, shows the entire way of life and traditions of the people.If we take a look at the history, we discover that because of nomads, cultural exchanges happened between different people. In the past, when there were no tourists, no international forums, people lived in their certain location, nomads were brave to relocate from one place to another, from one area of continent to another. Due to such movement, they shared their knowledge, which they had with settled people, learned something new from specialists and carried to new regions of the world.Nomadic civilizations coexisted harmoniously with nature. Nomads, adapting to the ecological niche of their residence, did not change the land scape of the earth. Culture and traditions of nomads were not only war like, contrary to stereotypes; nomads spent their free time and holidays by performing different games of physical and intellectual nature.These games have survived to the present day.It is important to mention that this year for the first time in its history, the World Nomad Games were declared a smoke-free event. The introduction of the smoke-free initiative during the III World Nomad Games provided a unique opportunity to leave a long-lasting and sustainable public health message for the community and country.Of course, a big part in the World Nomad Games played its’ cultural and scientific components. Games are aimed at strengthening and further developing interfaith and intercultural dialogue, understanding, friendship, harmony, and cooperation between the people of the world, and demonstrating the cultural diversity of the world, as well as supporting the scientific and methodological foundation of the ethnosport movement, including ethnosports, traditional games, and traditional competitions. Third world Nomad Games’ scientific forum «Historical heritage and the future» had the tasks of researching the role and place of the culture of nomadic peoples in the development of human civilization and the theories of human civilization and forming theories and forming theories of nomadic civilizations; the development of culture and the connection between traditional games and the lifestyle and traditions of peoples, as well as forming a permanent platform as part of the World Nomad Games for researchers, academics, and the organizers of the Games.As it was said earlier, the Games are now considered by the world community as Nomadic Olympics. And to maintain its growing popularity the mission to host 4th World Nomad Games was given to Turkey. So we can confidently say that nomadic culture is alive and will keep to foster a more tolerant and open relationship between people around the world.
By Prof. Héctor Olasolo (The Hague: Brill / Nijhoff, 2018) – ISBN: 9789004341005
Parties negotiating the end of authoritarian regimes or armed conflicts are almost inevitably left in a situation of legal uncertainty.Despite their overlapping scope of application, the differences between the approaches of International Criminal Law (ICL) and Transitional Justice (TJ) are so profound that, unless dogmatisms are left aside and a process of dialogue is entered into, it will not be possible to harmonize the current legal regime of international crimes with the need to articulate transitional processes that are capable of effectively overcoming authoritarian regimes and armed conflicts.The serious material limitations shown by national, international and hybrid ICL enforcement mechanisms should be acknowledged and the goals pursued by ICL should be redefined accordingly. A minimum level of consensus on the scope of application, goals and elements of TJ should also be reached. Situations of systematic or large scale violence against the civilian population by transnational criminal organizations increase the challenge.More information can be found at: https://brill.com/view/title/34518About the author:
Prof. Dr. Héctor Olasolo: LL.M in Law (Columbia U. USA), Ph.D in Law (Salamanca U. Spain): Profile – Perfil
Chair in International Law, Universidad del Rosario (Colombia), que ofrece, entre otros, los siguientes Programas de Posgrado: 3 Especializaciones: Derecho Internacional, Derecho del Mar y DDHH y DIH – Maestría en Derecho Internacional (con 3 énfasis: DI Penal y DIH, Arbitraje y DI Económico y Estudios Críticos) – Doctorado en Derecho
Selection of Previous Books: Los Desafíos del Derecho Internacional Penal: Especial Atención a los Casos de Argentina, Colombia, España, México y Uruguay (Tirant lo Blanch, 2018); Introducción al Derecho Internacional Penal (Universidad del Rosario, 2015); Tratado de Autoría y Participación en Derecho Internacional Penal (Tirant lo Blanch, 2013); Essays on International Criminal Justice (Hart, Oxford, 2012); The Role of the International Criminal Court in Preventing Atrocity Crimes through Timely Intervention (Boom Jurisdisch/Willem Pompe Institute of Utrecht University, 2010); The Criminal Responsibility of Political and Military Leaders as Principals to international Crimes (Hart, Oxford, 2009); Terrorismo Internacional y Conflicto Armado (Tirant lo Blanch, 2008); Unlawful Attacks in Combat Situations (Brill/Nijhoff, 2007); The Triggering Procedure of the International Criminal Court (Brill/Nijhoff, 2005)Selection of Previous Publications in Q-1 Journals: American Journal of International Law; Journal of International Criminal Justice; Criminal Law Forum, International Criminal Law Review, Leiden Journal of International Law
Presented by Bahrain National Gas at Saatchi Gallery Curated and produced by Éva McGaw and Tatiana Palinkasev.
3-21 October 2018
Penumbra : Textured Shadow, Coloured Light , held at Saatchi Gallery from 3-21 October 2018, brings together new three-dimensional works by artist Rashid Khalifa. His London debut invites the viewer to experience the beauty of textured shadows and light cast through polychromatic metal structures.
Aluminium mesh wall works, suspended steel grid columns, and a monumental maze form the basis of this immersive exhibition inspired by architectural grids and geometric lattices.
In recent years, Rashid has experimented with metal surfaces, creating openings in his aluminium wall works and revealing the intimate space behind the surface, usually kept out of view. Penumbra takes this approach a step further, exploring changes in spatial experience depending on the viewer’s position.
Upon entering the first exhibition space, the audience encounters convex wall works adorned with colourful flaps that suggest a feeling of movement. Rashid refers to the wall-mounted aluminium pieces, whose intricate patterns are based on complex mathematical geometric design, as ‘parametric sculptures.’Rashid Khalifa, Suspended column from the series Penumbra, 2018 Enamel on steel bars, video. Various dimensions. Image by Marine Terlizzi, courtesy of the artist.
In the centre of the room, three-tiered columns wreathed with geometric flaps, cutouts and monitors showing street scenes and coastlines are suspended from the ceiling, drawing the viewer closer. There is tension created between the vibrant and ornate steel grids and the calmness of the voids within, just out of reach of the viewer in a realm of semi-privacy.
In the second exhibition space, the viewer is confronted with a colourful maze and a colossal grid structure that reimagines the shapes and tones of an urban environment, and explores architecture, city planning and memories. Rashid comments: ‘I was inspired by winding narrow alleyways and traditional architecture. I would like the audience to experience the maze as a conceptual entity – a spiritual journey with no fixed destination.’ About Rashid Al KhalifaRashid Khalifa (b. 1952) began painting at the age of 16 and held his first exhibition at the Dilmun Hotel, Bahrain in 1970. He travelled to the UK in 1972 where he attended the Brighton and Hastings Art College in Sussex and trained in Arts and Design. Rashid’s artistic practice has evolved over time: from landscapes in the 70s and early 80s, to merging elements of his figurative and abstract work in the late 80s, progression towards abstraction and experimenting with the ‘canvas’ in the 90s, and recent mirror-like chrome and high gloss lacquer pieces. His solo exhibitions include Hybrids , Ayyam Gallery, Dubai, UAE (2018); Convex: A New Perspective , Bahrain National Museum, Kingdom of Bahrain (2010); Art Department, Shuman Arts Organisation, Jordan (1997); De Caliet Gallery, Milan, Italy and El Kato Kayyel Gallery, Milan, Italy (1996). Biennials include: Bridges, Grenada Pavilion, 57th Venice Biennale, Venice, Italy (2017); 3rd Mediterranean Biennale: OUT OF PLACE – Sakhnin Valley, Israel (2017); Arab Delegation, TRIO Biennial – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2015); and In The Eye of the Thunderstorm, Collateral Events, 56. la Biennale di Venezia – Venice, Italy (2015). Rashid has also taken part in various group shows, international art fairs, and exhibitions alongside the Bahrain Arts Society. He is founder of Royal Bridges.For further Information:
The Act on the Protection of Trade Secrets is about to come into force. What does it mean?By Reinier W.L. Russell, LL.M.
The Dutch government is currently in the process of implementation of the European Trades Secrets Directive. The Directive aims at protecting non–public company information & knowhow from being obtained, used or disclosed unlawfully.
The Act on the Protection of Trade Secrets (Wet bescherming bedrijfsgeheimen; WBB) will soon enter into force for the purpose of implementation of the Directive. Prior to the entry into force of this Act the European Trades Secrets Directive will have direct effect in the Netherlands.
Trade secrets
The Act on the Protection of Trade Secrets ensures better protection of trade secrets. A trade secret is considered information which is:
Not known or easily accessible to persons that are usually dealing with the information concerned;
Of commercial value, as it is secret; and
Subject to reasonable measures in order to be kept secret.
A trade secret is not necessarily technical knowledge of models or products. Marketing strategies, business plans and trade information fall under trade secrets too.
Obtained, used or disclosed unlawfully
The Act on the Protection of Trade Secrets provides that obtaining a trade secret without the permission of the holder of the trade secret is unlawful if:
A person has gained unauthorised access to the trade secret;
A person has taken it unlawfully;
A person has copied documents, files or suchlike including trade secrets or from which trade secrets can be deduced; or
Obtaining them is in violation of fair trading.
The Act on the Protection of Trade Secrets stipulates that, the use or making known to the public of a trade secret could be unlawful if the trade secret is used or disclosed without consent of the holder of the trade secret by a person who:
Has obtained the trade secret unlawfully;
Violates a confidentiality agreement or another requirement regarding non-disclosure of a trade secret, or
Violates an obligation restricting the use of the trade secret.
The Act on the Protection of Trade Secrets also refers to situations in which obtaining, use or disclosure of trade secrets can be lawful. For instance, in investigative journalism, which is protected by freedom of expression or regarding disclosure of misconduct, mistakes or illegal activities by whistleblowers.
Jan Dop Managing Partner, Diplomatic Desk and Reinier Russell, Russell Avocaten.
Safeguarding trade secrets
If a trade secret is obtained, used or disclosed unlawfully, a civil procedure can be initiated in court. The Act on the Protection of Trade Secrets provides that the holder of a trade secret can either apply for measures to the court in interlocutory proceedings or to the ordinary court. That way, suspension of the unlawful use can be imposed or a ban on production issued. Also, the holder of a trade secret may claim damages and full reimbursement of court fees similar to other matters regarding intellectual property.
To be able to show that a trade secret was violated, the trade secret will have to be disclosed, which is not the intention of the holder of the trade secret. By the implementation of the Directive the court can, upon application, specify exhibits as confidential and limit the number of persons with access thereto. In addition, upon request a non-confidential version of the decision can be published online where the parts including trade secrets have been deleted or edited.
The new Act will not make the confidentiality clause in an employment contract dispensable, as this clause may have a broader scope than what is defined as a trade secret in the Act. In the event of theft of trade secrets a report can also be filed with the police in addition to a civil procedure of the Act on the Protection of Trade Secrets. About the author:Reinier W.L. Russell, LL.M.managing partnerReinier Russell advises national and international businesses on all facets of their day-to-day business operations. He has a broad range of specializations in questions regarding businesses, personnel, real estate, and government. He has been a lawyer since 1990. In addition, Reinier is certified as a mediator.
@: reinier.russell@russell.nl
t: +31 20 301 55 55
“Registan Square” in Samarkand city, photo from Uzbekistan National News Agency – UzA.
At the heart of central Asia, and at the cross-roads of civilisations, lies Samarkand, waiting to be discovered. In fact, Uzbekistan as a whole is a rather amicable country, which is becoming friendlier on regular tourist regulations. From 2018, 101 countries are eligible for e-visas to be picked up points of entry after online applications are submitted.
Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Photography courtesy of Henri Estramant.
Flying to Uzbekistan from Europe is easier than before by direct flights from Frankfurt am Main, Paris, or London to Tashkent. Once in Uzbekistan travel is easy as they are comfortable trains from Tashkent to Samarkand that take roughly more than three hours as well as domestic flights to the turquoise city of Samarkand.
In Samarkand, travellers typically head straight for Registan Square, which is comprised of three madaris (Islamic schools), the earliest thereof dates from the XV century. Each of the structures is highly ornamented, and the façades of the Sher Formadrassah depicting tigers with human faces upon their backs: they are grotesque and beautiful in equal measure, and clearly challenge the orthodox Islamic view that living creatures should not be depicted in art.
Samarkand, Uzbekistan by Henri Estramant.
One prominent site in Samarkand, however, is a 10 minute walk away. It is called the Shah-i Zinda, and it is an extraordinary necropolis of decorated tombs, some of which are more than 1,000 years old. Each mausoleums in the complex is unique and beautiful, and together they will take your breath away.
By Dorothee Bär, MdB, Minister of State to the Federal Chancellor, Federal Government Commissioner for Digital Affairs of Germany.
We live in a digital world. That’s a fact. Another fact – at least for me – is that “politics begins with the contemplation of reality.” These words were originally spoken by the social democrat Kurt Schumacher. Yet Volker Kauder, former chairman of the CDU/CSU group in the German Parliament, often uses them, as well – and I would like to do the same when it comes to the tasks and challenges of political discourse and action in a world of constant change and technological progress.
In view of these facts, every government has the task of not only taking part in the moral, social and economical debate on what our digital society should look like, but also creating the legal and political framework that mirrors the outcome of these discussions.
This is indeed what we have done – and, to be honest, it’s taken a while. Since as far back as 2010 we have been discussing how the legislative, judicial and executive branches should respond to the ubiquitous changes and developments that are deeply affecting our everyday lives at every level.
Today, in 2018, we have made considerable progress. The Federal Government under Chancellor Angela Merkel has not only defined numerous fields and topics that play a vital role in our digital age, but has also set an agenda and established a number of important institutions that are tasked with addressing this new reality.
You are right to think that, as Minister of State for Digitalisation, I am one of these newly created institutions – one that in fact was established only a few months ago. This represents a huge step for the German government. It proves it is truly contemplating the fact that we live in a digital society, a society that is undergoing constant change due to rapid development brought about by technological innovation.
However, my work is accompanied and complemented by various other institutions, such as the Data Ethics Commission of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community, the Digital Cabinet and the Digital Council. This guarantees that the task of examining the cross-sectional impact of technological progress is dealt with from various angles, not by a single government ministry or representative. The aim is for ministry officials, scientific and economic experts, and representatives from across society to engage in a discourse on what Germany and Europe should look in the digital age.
The above-mentioned cross-sectional character must be mirrored when it comes to exchanging expertise. Both creative input and experience play a major role. This is why it is absolutely necessary to include people from various fields, people who may previously not have been involved in political debates and the formulation of government policy.
When developing policies, we need to constantly remind ourselves to think outside the box and talk to individuals whose ideas may in the past have been overlooked. We must talk to people who already live a digital life, who already now are trying out completely new ways of working, relying on innovative means of communication, and examining fields that may not appear relevant today, but will help shape the world of tomorrow.
In a nutshell: one major task of the digital agenda must be to break down those walls and burst those bubbles that encapsulate the different members of, and stakeholders in, our society – so that we can set the table for life in the digital age.
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Picture by German Federal Government.
By H.E. Ms. Kay Bailey Hutchison, Ambassador of the United States to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
NATO remains the indispensable security umbrella for North America and Europe. It is the foundation of our national security and that of our allies, and it cements the transatlantic bond. When NATO leaders gathered in Brussels for the Summit this July, they reaffirmed our shared values and charted a path to further strengthen the alliance.
The Brussels Declaration approved by leaders clearly showed all 29 allies speaking with one voice that underscored our unity and commitment to collective defense. The Heads of State and Government of every NATO ally agreed to strengthen our joint military operations to meet common threats, whether Russian attempts to undermine our democratic institutions, their abhorrent use of a military-grade nerve agent in a NATO country, or the continued threat of terrorism.
In the Declaration, allies approved a new readiness initiative to ensure 30 battalions, 30 air squadrons and 30 combat ships are ready to fight within 30 days during a crisis.
NATO is seeking a partnership with the EU to meet common challenges, including improved infrastructure and the regulatory environment to facilitate the mobility of our forces throughout NATO territory in response to an emergency.
An important new mission rose from the hard lesson of the rise of ISIS when coalition forces left Iraq in 2012 before the new government stabilized. NATO will train and advise police and armed forces, which should be inclusive of all segments of Iraqi society, to be professional and effective in securing their country.
Increased support for Jordan and Tunisia will build their defense capabilities and strengthen regional stability.
Allies agreed to invite Skopje to begin accession talks to join the Alliance, demonstrating that NATO remains open to aspirants who are committed to our shared values and meet the responsibilities of membership.
Taken together, these decisions strengthen our overall deterrence and defense posture and project stability through partnerships along NATO’s periphery. If this clear progress is to remain credible and durable, we must be able to resource up to our level of ambition.
This requires a sustained dedication to defense investment, which is why allies recommitted themselves to the Wales Defense Investment Pledge to invest 2%of GDP in defense, and 20% of their overall defense budgets on modernization by 2024. In 2018,eight nations have reached the 2% investment goal, and more allies are in the process of assembling plans to increase spending to meet the commitment renewed in July. This translates into an extra $266 billion in new defense spending already pledged, with more likely. NATO has made great progress in defense investment, but it remains critical that we reinvigorate our efforts to bolster our militaries to ensure our common security.
More work remains to be done in the months and years ahead, and as we have done in the 70 years since the NATO treaty was signed, we will work together as allies through consensus to demonstrate that whatever the security environment, NATO will be there to protect our citizens, deter our adversaries, and defend the alliance.
