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Derrière les murs du Palais de la Paix : permanence et changements de la Cour internationale de Justice

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S.E. M. Philippe Couvreur est arrivé à La Haye en avril 1982, où il a d’abord occupé le poste d’assistant spécial aux bureaux du greffier et du greffier adjoint de la Cour internationale de Justice.

Il a ensuite exercé les fonctions de Secrétaire, Premier Secrétaire et Secrétaire juridique principal, avant d’être élu Greffier de la Cour en 2000, et réélu en 2007 et 2014. Pour marquer l’anniversaire de ses débuts à la Cour, il y a 35 ans, Diplomat Magazine l’a invité à témoigner de son expérience unique au service de cette institution, des évolutions qu’il a pu y observer, et à partager le regard qu’il porte sur les changements qui ont marqué la Cour et La Haye au cours des trois dernières décennies.
Philippe Couvreur avec le Pape Jean-Paul II prise le 13 mai 1985.
Je suis arrivé à La Haye en avril 1982 — de façon aussi inattendue que j’avais entamé des études de droit treize ans auparavant (mais c’est là une autre histoire…) — pour occuper un poste temporaire à la Cour internationale de Justice. La Cour était alors la seule institution judiciaire internationale existante au plan universel. Son activité, particulièrement faible à la fin des années 1970, ne pouvait en ce temps-là guère laisser présager du succès que rencontrerait la Cour dans les décennies à venir. Mon bienveillant maître de Louvain, le professeur Paul de Visscher, fils du célèbre internationaliste Charles de Visscher, unique juge belge à la Cour, m’avait prédit des jours aussi sereins qu’heureux, écoulés à lire et à écrire des ouvrages dans la solitude des imposants murs de la bibliothèque du Palais de la Paix…
Les mémoires ont été dûment déposés dans l’affaire El Salvador c. Honduras dans la salle Bol le 1 juin 1988, l’affaire du Différend frontalier terrestre, insulaire et maritime.
En rejoignant la Cour, un frais matin d’avril, dont je garde un souvenir très précis, le jeune juriste que j’étais découvrit, non sans étonnement, une organisation de taille très modeste, le Greffe, qui en est l’organe administratif, alors composé de moins d’une quarantaine de fonctionnaires. Le fonctionnement de la Cour reposait entièrement sur cette équipe restreinte de personnel permanent, auquel s’ajoutait, selon que de besoin, un personnel temporaire pour faire face au surcroît de travaux linguistiques et de sténodactylographie lors des sessions (publiques et privées) de la Cour. Je me rappelle avoir été frappé par la personnalité haute en couleur de certains de ces traducteurs indépendants, dont la grande culture littéraire m’émerveillait. Cette structure très économique du Greffe impliquait une grande polyvalence de ses membres, et les Secrétaires de la Cour — ses fonctionnaires supérieurs — étaient appelés, en sus de leurs travaux de recherches juridiques, de préparation des documents de la Cour, et de rédaction de la correspondance diplomatique, à assumer eux-mêmes l’essentiel des tâches linguistiques (traduction et interprétation) et d’information, ainsi que la supervision de nombreuses activités administratives et logistiques.
La Grande salle de Justice, l’affaire Relative au Timor Oriental (Portugal c. Australie) Arrêt du 30 juin 1995.
Il n’était nullement rare qu’un nouveau venu comme moi ait à passer week-ends et nuits blanches au Palais de la Paix à effectuer les travaux les plus divers… allant jusqu’à imprimer et polycopier, sur de vieilles machines à stencils ronéotype, des décisions dont la Cour devait donner la lecture en séance publique le lendemain ! Dès mon arrivée au Greffe, j’ai eu le bonheur et le privilège d’être initié et associé à l’ensemble des fonctions de l’institution sous la patiente supervision de personnalités d’exception, tels que MM. Torres Bernárdez et Pillepich, alors respectivement Greffier et Greffier adjoint. J’en ai retiré le plus grand bénéfice, puisque cette immersion sans préparation dans toutes les facettes de l’activité du Greffe m’a permis d’acquérir de ce dernier une connaissance unique — de l’intérieur — et sous tous ses aspects —, un acquis particulièrement précieux au moment où j’ai été amené, bien des années plus tard, à assumer la délicate responsabilité d’en assurer la gestion au plus haut niveau. Devenir un fonctionnaire du Greffe au début des années 1980 signifiait accepter de se couler sans discussion dans un moule à tous égards exigeant, et se donner corps et âme, avec humilité et discrétion, à l’institution, sans penser à soi ni parler de soi. Depuis ces années d’initiation, j’ai été le témoin de profondes transformations de la Cour, rendues inévitables à la fois pour répondre à l’accroissement considérable de ses activités, avec la disparition du monde bipolaire qui avait relégué le règlement judiciaire à un rôle quelque peu marginal, et pour saisir les opportunités nouvelles offertes, notamment, par le progrès des technologies et de la communication. Entre 1982 et aujourd’hui, le nombre de fonctionnaires a ainsi presque triplé (il a quasiment doublé depuis l’an 2000, année de ma première élection en tant que Greffier). L’organisation du travail a été progressivement spécialisée entre les divers départements, juridique, linguistique et chargé de l’information, qui furent créés en 1997, et les services techniques. Par ailleurs, les Membres de la Cour ne disposèrent pas, pendant longtemps, de « référendaires » — ils s’y sont d’ailleurs longtemps refusés—, et l’assistance apportée aux juges en matière judiciaire était principalement répartie entre les fonctionnaires du Département des affaires juridiques.
H.E. Philippe Couvreur avec la Reine Beatrix photo prise pendant le 50 eme anniversaire de la Cour (18-04-1996).
Les cinq premiers postes de juristes référendaires ne furent obtenus de l’Assemblée générale et créés qu’en 2002, à l’issue de difficiles négociations que je me souviens avoir menées avec beaucoup de plaisir et d’intérêt ; le nombre de ces postes s’est progressivement accru, pour s’élever à quinze aujourd’hui. Les divers développements qui ont marqué le monde au cours des dernières décennies n’ont pas manqué de soulever pour la Cour de nouveaux défis. Comme c’est le cas pour toute institution, elle n’a pu les relever en faisant table rase des enseignements de son histoire ni, à l’inverse, en ne saisissant pas toutes les opportunités offertes par le temps présent. A ces différents égards, la Cour est certainement parvenue, au fil des ans, à assurer un équilibre, toujours délicat, entre changements et continuité. La continuité de la Cour est bien sûr inscrite dans son Statut, qui fait partie intégrante de la Charte des Nations Unies, et reflétée dans ses méthodes judiciaires, qui ont été très largement élaborées par sa devancière, la Cour permanente de Justice internationale, et héritées d’elle. Cette continuité historique était particulièrement présente lorsque j’ai rejoint le Greffe. Ainsi, en manière d’anecdote, divers hauts fonctionnaires alors en poste avaient eux-mêmes côtoyé, au début de leur carrière, d’anciens fonctionnaires de la Cour permanente. Tous nourrissaient à l’égard de cette dernière le plus grand respect. Il régnait d’ailleurs dans les couloirs du Palais de la Paix une atmosphère feutrée et délicieusement surannée, évocatrice de la défunte Société des Nations. Je me souviens en avoir encore utilisé maintes fournitures de bureau ! La continuité jurisprudentielle et procédurale entre les deux Cours constitue pour les Etats une garantie importante de sécurité et de prévisibilité juridiques. Cette continuité, juridique et historique, de même que l’expérience accumulée en plus de quatre-vingt-dix ans d’exercice de la fonction judiciaire, sont pour la Cour un facteur crucial de légitimité.
H.E. Philippe Couvreur vec le Roi Willem-Alexander photo prise pendant le 70 eme anniversaire de la Cour (20-04-2016).
En même temps, la Cour a eu, à l’évidence, à s’adapter aux changements du monde réel dans lequel elle opère, comme aux nécessités et opportunités nouvelles de chaque époque traversée. L’une des transformations notoires auxquelles j’ai assisté fut l’ouverture croissante de la Cour sur l’extérieur : longtemps à l’écart, à dessein, des organes politiques des Nations Unies, la Cour a souhaité se faire plus et mieux entendre de ces organes et des Etats membres. Elle a ainsi rompu avec ce qui était parfois perçu comme un « splendide isolement » au sein des Nations Unies, même si elle défend toujours jalousement son autonomie. La Cour doit en outre désormais également tenir compte des nombreuses autres juridictions, internationales ou régionales, qui ont été créées ces dernières années, et veiller, autant que possible, à assurer l’harmonie du « concert judiciaire » que permet ce foisonnement de cours et tribunaux sur la scène internationale. Davantage ouverte sur la communauté internationale et ses réalités, la Cour s’est montrée de plus en plus attentive, non seulement à sa place dans l’Organisation des Nations Unies, mais aussi à la poursuite des objectifs de celle-ci et à sa mission propre au service du règlement pacifique des différends internationaux. Des différends de plus en plus complexes, tant juridiquement que factuellement, en même temps que politiquement plus denses, lui ont été soumis. En révisant constamment, selon que de besoin, ses méthodes de travail, elle a su les résoudre rapidement et efficacement, à un coût particulièrement modeste pour la communauté internationale, tout en assurant le développement du droit. Enfin, pour conclure sur une note plus prosaïque, mais qui est loin d’être négligeable, je ne peux taire la chance que j’ai eue de connaître l’extraordinaire développement de la ville de La Haye au cours des 35 dernières années. Celle-ci offre aujourd’hui à la Cour, comme aux nombreuses institutions internationales qui s’y sont installées à sa suite, une qualité de vie et un cadre de travail uniques, qui sont très loin de ressembler à ce que j’ai trouvé en y arrivant. A l’image de l’imposante stature du Palais de la Paix où elle siège, symbole mondialement connu de la justice internationale, la Cour est une institution solidement établie. En dépit des périodes de doute ou de désaffection qu’elle a traversées par le passé, son rôle est unanimement salué au sein de la communauté internationale et le recours à ses services par les Etats n’a jamais été aussi soutenu. 35 ans après, je continue de mesurer chaque jour le privilège qui est le mien de servir au mieux de mes capacités l’organe judiciaire principal des Nations Unies. —– Les photos dans l’article sont une courtoisie de la Cour International de Justice.

Common Fund for Commodities unlocks USD 94.6mn investments in 11 projects

The 74th Consultative Committee (CC) of the Common Fund for Commodities has recommended 11 investments for consideration by the Executive Board (EB). If approved by the EB, these investments are expected to benefit more than 59,066 smallholder farmers.

The CC recommendation aims to unlock USD 94.6 million in financing across these 11 projects, with a commitment of USD 10.8 million by the CFC. These funds will support agribusinesses in countries such as Afghanistan, Tunisia, Bangladesh, Peru, Singapore, Ghana, and Venezuela, among others.

The CFC received 175 investment proposals in response to the 24th Call for Proposals, of which 24 were selected and discussed in the CFC Project Appraisal Committee (PAC). 11 will now go forward to the EB following recommendation by the CC.  

If approved, the recommended investments will foster the growth of agribusinesses specializing in commodities such as spices, fertilizers, seafood, rice, fruits, cocoa, and coffee. These investments are anticipated to generate 26,018 jobs, including 9,495 for women. Furthermore, the projects will boost produce yields by 333,508 MT and promote afforestation and rewilding in conservation areas, sequestering approximately 200,000 MT CO2e annually.

Furthermore, these investments will contribute to several of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG 1 (No poverty), SDG 2 (No hunger), SDG 5 (Gender equality), SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth), SDG 10 (Reduced inequalities), SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).

Speaking at the meeting, which was held in Amsterdam last week, CFC Managing Director Ambassador Sheikh Mohammed Belal said: “The Agenda of this Committee derives directly from the grassroots and is based on the CFC’s Open Call for proposals. Our efforts are paying off and breaking new ground. You will see projects on the agenda from areas previously untouched by the CFC, including proposals related to saffron from Afghanistan and dates from Tunisia, as well as a proposal for innovative irrigation technology. We have never before seen this level of interest in our work, which is credit to our joint efforts.”  

Ambassador Belal added: “Our key message and contribution to the global development debate remains that impact investing in SMEs offers a beacon of hope and remains one of the most promising avenues for fostering economic diversification and building productive capacities.”

Ambassador Belal highlighted the critical inequities of the commodity trade, in which farmers receive a fraction of the final market price. He urged stakeholders to work together to narrow the price gap and support climate resilience, stressing the importance of digitization and traceability to “humanize the value chain”.

Datuk Ramle Kasin, Chairperson of the Consultative Committee, also reported back on the 77th Executive Board meeting of the CFC, held on 4 April 2024. Key points included:

  • Approval of USD 7.8 million in loans and a development impact bond for seven projects, benefiting 131,000 smallholder farmers, after reviewing recommendations from the 73rd Meeting of the Consultative Committee (CC).
  • Endorsement of collaboration with the Central African Forestry Initiative.
  • Member countries encouraged to submit their nominations for new CC members by 19 August 2024.

The CC is composed of nine commodity experts from different regions, who are elected for a term of two years. They meet twice a year to discuss and recommend investments in commodity-related businesses for consideration by the EB.

The CFC also co-hosted an event on the sideline of the 74th Consultative Committee to discuss “Beyond the Green Horizon: Charting a Sustainable Future for Smallholder Farmers” on July 03, 2024, in Amsterdam along with the Embassy of the Republic of Guatemala to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. You may read more on this here.

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#CFC #ImpactInvesting #SustainableDevelopment #GlobalImpact #CollectiveAction

UNESCO: Blocked the €500,000 Promised by Italy’s PM Meloni for Odesa Cathedral Reconstruction!

By Willy Fautré, director of Human Rights Without Frontiers (*) with Dr Ievgeniia Gidulianova from Odesa

HRWF (22.07.2024) – After quite a number of expensive missions of UNESCO‘s representatives to Odesa (**), the international organization in charge of the preservation of World Heritage has still not released the donation of 500,000 EUR that Italy’s PM Giorgia Meloni has put at their disposal for emergency assistance.

One year ago, on the night of 23 July 2023, Russian troops carried out a massive attack on the territory of Odessa and the region, firing 19 missiles of various types. The blow fell on the historical center of Odessa, included in UNESCO World Heritage List. As a result of the attack, 25 architectural monuments were damaged, in particular the Transfiguration Cathedral. Half of the cathedral was left without a roof, the central piles and foundation were broken in the building, all windows were knocked out, stucco was knocked down. Rescuers and clergy managed to save some icons, including the Kasperovskaya Icon of the Mother of God, who is considered the patroness of Odessa. The Iberian Icon, installed for the 100th anniversary of Odessa, also survived.

Italy’s pledge and UNESCO’s involvement

On the very first day of Russia’s shelling, PM Giorgia Meloni promised to contribute financially to the emergency restoration of the Transfiguration Cathedral of Odessa heavily damaged by Russian shelling on 23 July 2023.

On 2 October 2023, Ukraine and Italy signed an agreement to repair the Transfiguration Cathedral.

In November, heavy rains flooded the cathedral, and urgent conservation work of the roof was started by the Odessa Diocese. It began to dismantle the wreckage and remove the damaged copper sheets of the roof almost immediately after the missile strike. A Facebook video of Father Miroslav from the roof of the Cathedral shows that work was already underway on 10 August 2023, on the 19th day after the missile strike.

In early February 2024, an agreement was signed between Italy and UNESCO on the allocation of funds, according to the Odessa City Council. The Italian government delegation was chaired by Davide La Cecilia, Special Envoy for the Reconstruction and Strengthening of Ukraine’s Resilience.

Reconstruction to be based on a tripartite Memorandum and under a Supervisory Board

The mayor’s office of Odesa then said that the plans were to sign a tripartite Memorandum of Cooperation on the Reconstruction of Odessa (Italy – Ukraine – UNESCO), as well as separately one between Italy and Ukraine, where the areas of cooperation would be marked.

To perform this restoration work, a Supervisory Board was to be created, which would include all parties to the tripartite Memorandum, as well as strategic, technical and scientific committees. The latter, in particular, was to include scientists from the Polytechnic Institute of Milan, the Milan Triennial Museum, and the National Museum of Modern Art and Architecture in Rome.

In a previous article, Human Rights Without Frontiers stressed that it should be wise for the Ukrainian side to include Prof. Meshcheriakov in the Supervisory Board as his name is closely connected with the history of the reconstruction of the Odessa Cathedral, which was completely destroyed during Stalin’s time. Ph.D. Arch., Associate Professor, Meshcheriakov is a member of the Ukrainian Committee of ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites), Chairman of the Odessa regional branch of the Architectural Chamber of the National Union of Architects of Ukraine, forensic expert of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, Research Fellow on the British Academy’s Researchers at Risk Programme, and Visiting Scholar at Trinity College, University of Cambridge. He is the author of two monographs and more than seventy scientific publications, articles, theses in the field of architecture and protection of cultural heritage.

Under Meshcheriakov’s leadership, a group of architects in 1999 was the laureate of the national call for projects for the reconstruction of the Odessa Cathedral, which was rebuilt in 2000–2010 on the basis of his project. He was then awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of architecture for the reconstruction of the Odessa Cathedral. He is also the author of a book on this topic.

The services of Meshcheriakov as an external consultant were recently hired by the UNESCO for a period of two months.

Too late as usual with the West and… nothing from the UNESCO

A few days ago, on 7 July, Gennadiy Trukhanov, the mayor of Odesa, spoke with correspondents of the press agency Ukrinform and was quoted as saying:

“We met several times with representatives of Italy and UNESCO, and I noticed that our meetings were pleasant, but unproductive, because we have already rebuilt almost the entire roof of the church with the funds of the Diocese, and we are still waiting for that money from UNESCO.

Italy, for its part, transferred the funds only in the spring, but UNESCO cannot transfer the money directly to the Cathedral without prior expert studies and transparent procedures for the selection of contractors. Therefore, we were waiting for UNESCO experts, research, scanning and documentation of the destruction and so on. I asked: give this money, they will at least buy a brick with it – but UNESCO does not work like that. At this pace, we will rebuild the temple by our own efforts.”

The mayor asked UNESCO to record these works and allocate funds for them, which could be used to continue the reconstruction but he was answered that in Italy and in UNESCO they cannot give money for already completed work “because there are procedures and their legislation.”

In short, if the ordinary Ukrainian citizens had not financially contributed to the urgent preservation of the Cathedral before the winter, the damage would have been much more severe, more costly and probably more irreparable. We can imagine how difficult it was for the Odessa diocese of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC) and Father Miroslav (Miroslav Vdodovitch), the rector of the cathedral, to collect enough small donations from the population, weakened and impoverished by the war, to save the cathedral’s treasures.

In summary, UNESCO’s bureaucracy is too slow, and therefore unable, to face emergency situations in Ukraine.

In cases of sudden disasters, the Red Cross has the capacity to intervene immediately on the ground, bypassing any heavy and burdensome international bureaucracy to save lives. As long as there is no such “Red Cross type” scheme in UNESCO, countries willing to help Odesa should avoid channeling their financial assistance through this institution and privilege direct legal agreements with the local relevant authorities.

Footnotes

(*) The Belgian author of the article has been over a dozen times in Odesa before February 2022 and has regularly visited the Orthodox Cathedral where is the first burial place of the corpse of Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Gregory V (1746 – 1821) killed on orders of the Sultan and secretly transported by Greek sailors to Odesa. Much later, his corpse was transferred to and buried in the Orthodox Cathedral of Athens.

(**) Some UNESCO’s visits

29.07.2023 – Representatives of UNESCO’s mission.

07.09.2023 – Ambassador of Italy to Ukraine, Consul of Italy in Odesa, representatives of the Italian government, Italian specialists in the restoration of cultural heritage and the entire UNESCO apparatus present in Ukraine, headed by Chiara Bardeschi.

09.02.2024 – A big meeting with the Head of UNESCO in Ukraine, the Odesa delegation of the Italian delegation headed by the Special Envoy of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Italy for the reconstruction of Ukraine, Davide La Cecilia, representatives of the Italian Embassy.

23.05.2024 – UNESCO’s representatives 

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ICC holds Sixth Asia Pacific Forum of The Hague

On 19 July 2024, the International Criminal Court hosted online the sixth Asia Pacific Forum of The Hague. The webinar featured the President of the Court, judge Tomoko Akane , ICC judges Keebong Paek and Erdenebalsuren Damdin, ICC Deputy Prosecutor Nazhat Shameem Khan and other ICC representatives and Counsels from the Asia-Pacific region to promote awareness of the Court in the Asia Pacific region.

The event featured a High-Level Dialogue with the ICC Judges and Deputy Prosecutor on the theme “Justice Across Borders: The Role of the ICC in the Asia-Pacific”, a Panel Discussion on “Inside the Courtroom: Advancing International Justice Through Diverse Roles of Parties”, followed by an information session by the Court’s Human Resources on Career Opportunities “Working for International Justice”.

President Tomoko Akane emphasized the significance of platforms like the Asia Pacific Forum and stated, “Diversity in personnel is crucial to strengthening the ICC as an institution and enhancing its credibility. Since the law we apply reflects major legal systems worldwide, blending common law and civil law traditions, it is overwhelming to have lawyers from diverse legal backgrounds working together at the Court.”

During the high-level dialogue, Judge Keebong Paek discussed recent developments at the Court, including an introduction to the Court’s structure, the main roles of each organ and offices, key pending cases, and other updates.

Judge Erdenebalsuren Damdin shared his personal experience as a lawyer from a developing country joining the ICC. He highlighted that the diversity and inclusion of judges, lawyers, and legal professionals from various backgrounds ensure that different cultures and legal systems enrich the deliberative process. This promotes a deeper understanding of the global context in which crimes occur.

Finally, Deputy Prosecutor Nazhat Shameem Khan reflected on the Pacific region’s contributions and discussed various policy developments addressing the Asia-Pacific. She provided insights into why better engagement with the region is crucial for the Office of the Prosecutor’s work and for strengthening the Rome Statute through domestic laws.

The Asia-Pacific region is one of the most underrepresented regions at the ICC. The Asia Pacific Forum started in 2018, aiming to facilitate an open dialogue about the Asia Pacific region’s engagement with and contribution to international criminal justice.

This event forms part of a broader effort to enhance global understanding and support for the Rome Statute and the Court and to promote cooperation at the regional level. These include the organization of or participation in high-level regional cooperation seminars and symposiums, technical events and workshops aimed at Government leaders and officials, parliamentarians, members of the judiciary, academics and civil society representatives. The International Criminal Court expresses its appreciation to the European Union for the funding provided for the organization of this webinar.

Jilin University wins ICC Moot Court Competition 2024, Chinese version

Today, 19 July 2024, Jilin university won the final round of the 2024 Edition of the International Criminal Court (ICC) Moot Court Competition, Chinese version, held in ICC Courtroom I in The Hague (Netherlands). On the judge’s bench for this competition were ICC Judge Chang-ho Chung, presiding, and ICC legal officers Michaela Wagner and Ja Yon Kim.

Sichuan University and Shanghai University of Finance and Economics won, respectively, second and third places. The award for the Best Speaker went to Lan Qiyu of the Jilin university.

Members of the winning team are Yu Runtian, Chen Qi, Chen Hongyu, Wang Siyu, Zhang Yufan, Wei Xiaoxu, Lan Qiyu and Geng Siwen. The teams competed on a fictitious case, presenting oral arguments in the roles of the Office of the Prosecutor, the Defense and the Legal Representatives of the Victims.

The 2024 Chinese version of the ICC Moot Court Competition is organized by the Van Vollenhoven Institute – Leiden University, and the Chinese Initiative on International Law. Top students from 118 universities participated in the preliminary stage of this year’s ICC Moot Court Competition.

In the context of its Academic Program, the ICC supports the organization of ICC Moot Court Competitions in Chinese, English, French and Spanish, with a view to also support an Arabic version in the future. These initiatives play a critical role in galvanizing interest in the Court’s work with academic communities as well as in enhancing promotion and respect for international criminal law.

ICJ advisory opinion on Israel Palestine case

The ICJ has released its advisory opinion, requested in December 2022 by the United Nations General Assembly, today, Friday, July 19, 2024.

Deliberations among ICJ judges began on February 27, 2024, following the conclusion of hearings at the Peace Palace in The Hague the previous day.

In its advisory opinion, the ICJ has concluded in a very strong way that Israel’s prolonged occupation since 1967 is illegal and that it must be immediately suspended.

In addition, the ICJ is of the opinion that all new colonization activity must be suspended and that Israel has an obligation to make reparation and compensation to all natural or moral persons who have suffered the effects of its prolonged occupation and colonization of the Palestinian territory.

The ICJ is also of the opinion that Israel must evacuate without further ado the Israeli settlers located in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.

ICJ concluye caso Israel-Palestina

La CIJ ha dado a conocer su opinión consultiva, solicitada en diciembre del 2022 por la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas, hoy viernes 19 de julio del 2024.

Las deliberaciones entre los jueces de la CIJ iniciaron el 27 de febrero del 2024, al concluirse el día anterior las audiencias en el Peace Palace de La Haya.

La Corte Internacional de Justicia ha emitido una opinión consultiva declarando que la ocupación israelí de territorios palestinos desde 1967 es ilegal y debe cesar de inmediato. La CIJ también sostiene que Israel debe detener todas las actividades de colonización y compensar a las víctimas de su ocupación. Los Estados miembros de la ONU tienen la obligación de no reconocer la ocupación ni asistir a Israel en su mantenimiento. Solo una jueza disintió de esta opinión.

La opinión consultiva en breve

En su opinión consultiva, la CIJ concluyó que la ocupación de Israel de territorios Palestinos desde 1967 es ilegal y que debe ser inmediatamente suspendida.

Adicionalmente, la CIJ es de la opinión que toda nueva actividad de colonización debe ser suspendida y que Israel tiene la obligación de reparar e indemnizar a todas las personas físicas o morales que hayan sufrido los efectos de su prolongada ocupación y colonización en el territorio palestino. La CIJ opina además, que Israel debe evacuar sin más preludios a los colonos israelíes situados en el territorio palestino ocupado.

Para la CIJ, los demás Estados miembros de Naciones Unidas tienen la obligación de no reconocer efectos legales a la situación ilegal que deriva de la ocupación ilegal del territorio palestino ocupado, como tampoco prestar asistencia alguna a Israel para mantenerla.

La Corte Internacional de Justicia ha emitido una opinión consultiva declarando que la ocupación israelí de territorios palestinos desde 1967 es ilegal y debe cesar de inmediato. La CIJ también sostiene que Israel debe detener todas las actividades de colonización y compensar a las víctimas de su ocupación. Los Estados miembros de la ONU tienen la obligación de no reconocer la ocupación ni asistir a Israel en su mantenimiento. Solo una jueza disintió de esta opinión.

Celebrating 420 Years of Thailand-Netherlands Relations with the Thailand Grand Festival 2024

The 15th edition of the Thailand Grand Festival returned with great fanfare on 13 July 2024, gracing the prestigious Lange Voorhout in The Hague. Organized by H.E. Mr. Asi Mamanee, the Ambassador of Thailand to the Netherlands, the festival saw an impressive attendance of over 10,000 visitors, including the Honorable Mr. Jan van Zanen, Mayor of The Hague as Guest of Honour.

After a five-year hiatus due to the pandemic, the festival made a triumphant return, coinciding with the celebration of the 420th anniversary of Thailand-Netherlands diplomatic relations. “This year, the festival is a part of the celebration of 420th Anniversary of Thailand – the Netherlands Diplomatic Relations,” expressed H.E. Mr. Asi Mamanee during his opening speech. He highlighted the deep-rooted and dynamic relationship between the two kingdoms, which have maintained strong and cordial bonds over the centuries, sharing values and aspirations for sustainable development.

The festival showcased a rich selection of Thailand’s cultural heritage and modern innovations. Highlights included a demonstration of Muay Thai martial arts, followed by a unique performance by the renowned Dutch Biggles Big Band, which fused traditional Thai songs with a festive jazz style. The event also featured Sak Yant, a world-famous tattoo style from Thailand, known for its intricate designs and mystical powers.

In addition to the cultural performances, the festival offered a variety of experiences for attendees. Special cocktails themed around Thai-Dutch relations were a hit, alongside the ever-popular Thai cuisine, represented by numerous food stalls. Visitors also enjoyed stalls selling traditional clothing, art, and spices, providing a holistic Thai cultural experience. Beautiful Thai dances, performed by artists with roots in both Thailand and the Netherlands, captivated the audience.

H.E. Mr. Asi Mamanee extended his deep gratitude to the sponsors, supporters, local performers, and musical artists who contributed to the festival’s success. He also thanked the companies and vendors participating in the event and expressed his appreciation to the City of The Hague for being a gracious host.

Mayor Jan van Zanen, attending as the Guest of Honour, was recognized for his dedicated service to the people of The Hague and his efforts in making the city a safe place. His presence underscored the strong local support for the festival and the enduring friendship between Thailand and the Netherlands.

The Thailand Grand Festival 2024 celebrated a memorable milestone and provided a great platform for cultural exchange.

The ICC marks 17 July, Day of International Criminal Justice

Today, July 17, 2024, is the Day of International Criminal Justice, which marks the 26th anniversary of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC).

The Rome Statute is the first international treaty of its kind, establishing the International Criminal Court, and aiming to end impunity for perpetrators of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression. 124 countries are States Parties to the Rome Statute.

ICC President Judge Tomoko Akane remarked on this occasion: “On the Day of International Criminal Justice, it is important that we remember why the ICC was created and how essential it is that the Court be allowed to carry out its mandate fully, without external pressures Through our work, we fight impunity for the most grievous crimes, and with every case we adjudicate, we take a step closer towards building a more just world. strengthening the rule of law at the international level.”

ICC Prosecutor Karim AA Khan KC stated: “The mission of my Office and the Court is to vindicate the promise of international humanitarian law that all lives have equal value, and that all those subjected to violations have the right to justice. The progress made in the past years is significant, yet our work is far from complete. My Office is committed to working with all of our partners to deliver more effectively on our mandate and make the protection of the Rome Statute a tangible reality for all.”

ICC Registrar Osvaldo Zavala Giler remarked: “On the Day of International Criminal Justice, we both mark the steps taken towards developing a more just world, free from impunity for these most egregious crimes, as well as critically reaffirm the need for revitalization of this common commitment to safeguard and protect the independent and impartial mandate of the International Criminal Court and its work in service of justice and victims.”

To mark the day, the ICC President and First-Vice President Judge Rosario Salvatore Aitala will participate in several meetings and events at the United Nations headquarters in New York, including the opening of an ICC exhibition ” Common Bonds ” and a high-level panel discussion hosted by the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute. These and other activities marking 17 July seek to strengthen support for and deepen public understanding of the Court, its mandate and processes, and the Rome Statute system as a whole.

Eurojust firma acuerdos de trabajo con cinco países latinoamericanos

En un paso importante contra el crimen organizado, Eurojust ha firmado este mes de julio, acuerdos de trabajo con las fiscalías de Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador y Perú con la finalidad de luchar contra la delincuencia a escala mundial. Los nuevos acuerdos harán más eficaz la cooperación estratégica entre las autoridades de estos países y Eurojust. Los fiscales generales de Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador y Perú además de Panamá, que ya tiene un acuerdo de trabajo con Eurojust, asistieron a la firma de estos acuerdos.

El 68% de las redes delictivas más amenazadoras operan a escala mundial, y el 36% de ellas se dedican al tráfico de drogas, según un informe de Europol. Estas redes blanquean el producto de sus actividades a escala mundial, y el 32% de ellas lo hace tanto en la Unión Europea como en el resto del mundo.

Para desmantelar estas redes es esencial la cooperación internacional. Eurojust apoya a las autoridades nacionales de la UE para que colaboren con otros países. Los acuerdos de trabajo con Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador y Perú reforzarán la cooperación en la lucha contra la delincuencia organizada y el terrorismo. Un acuerdo de trabajo similar con Panamá, firmado en enero de 2024, ya ha incrementado el uso de las herramientas de cooperación judicial de Eurojust por parte de las autoridades panameñas.

La estrategia de la UE para hacer frente a la delincuencia organizada destaca la importancia de la cooperación de Eurojust más allá de la Unión Europea para desarticular las redes delictivas y las rutas de transporte mundiales.

En la firma de los acuerdos de trabajo, el Comisario Europeo de Justicia, Didier Reynders, declaró: “Hoy abrimos un nuevo capítulo en la cooperación entre la UE y seis socios estratégicos en este ámbito. Basándonos en nuestros valores compartidos y en nuestros intereses estratégicos comunes, podemos dotar a las autoridades judiciales de los instrumentos necesarios para salvaguardar los derechos de nuestros ciudadanos, permitiendo al mismo tiempo una cooperación eficaz ‘sobre el terreno’. Considero la conclusión de los acuerdos de trabajo con Eurojust como un hito en este proceso, y espero con interés avanzar en nuestro trabajo conjunto para construir una respuesta común a la delincuencia organizada”.

El Presidente de Eurojust, Ladislav Hamran, declaró: “El tráfico de drogas es la actividad delictiva más lucrativa en la UE, ya que crea un mercado ilícito con unos ingresos anuales de al menos 31.000 millones de euros. Para mitigar y detener el enorme daño que causa a las sociedades y a las personas tanto en la Unión Europea como en América Latina, nuestra respuesta debe ser eficaz y basada en la colaboración. Es esencial que los fiscales de Europa y América Latina se unan y diseñen estrategias para una cooperación más estrecha, que nos permita no solo desarticular las redes delictivas, sino también exigirles responsabilidades ante los tribunales. Es un honor para mí que Eurojust sirva de plataforma para construir esta arquitectura, y estoy deseando poner en práctica los acuerdos de trabajo que Eurojust está firmando con las fiscalías de Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador y Perú tras el acuerdo de trabajo que firmamos con Panamá en enero de 2024”.

Los acuerdos de trabajo reforzarán la cooperación en ámbitos delictivos que afectan tanto a la UE como a los países latinoamericanos, como el tráfico de drogas y armas, el blanqueo de capitales y la ciberdelincuencia. Es vital que las autoridades judiciales colaboren para combatir el creciente problema del narcotráfico, especialmente desmantelando las rutas de transporte que permiten la entrada de grandes cantidades de droga en la UE a través de sus puertos. Con el apoyo de Eurojust, en 2023 se incautaron drogas por valor de 25.600 millones de euros, más del doble que en 2022.

Para reforzar la respuesta judicial conjunta a la delincuencia organizada, los fiscales se han comprometido a aplicar los acuerdos de trabajo con el apoyo crucial de EL PACCTO 2.0, el programa de cooperación de la UE destinado a reforzar la asociación UE-ALC en los ámbitos de la justicia y la seguridad para luchar contra la delincuencia organizada transnacional. Los acuerdos de trabajo reflejan el compromiso de ambas regiones de hacer frente a los retos que plantean las redes delictivas que operan a través de las fronteras.

Los fiscales generales también trabajarán para la celebración de acuerdos internacionales con Eurojust, lo que representa el siguiente paso en el proceso de cooperación.