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Uruguayan Independence Day Celebrated in The Hague

Diplomat Magazine
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Uruguayan Independence Day Celebrated in The Hague

The Embassy of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay marked his country’s Independence Day with a grand and festive reception. Held on August 27 at the Leonardo Royal Hotel in The Hague, the event drew over 200 distinguished guests from various sectors of Dutch society.

Ambassadors, chiefs of international missions, diplomats, academics, business leaders, and representatives from the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, along with members of the Uruguayan community, all responded to H.E. Ambassador Dr. Álvaro González Otero’s invitation to celebrate ‘Día de la Independencia’—Uruguay’s National Day, commemorating its independence from Brazil in 1825.

H.E. Dr. Álvaro González Otero, Ambassador of Uruguay. National Day 2024 The Hague.

After nearly 200 years of conflict and civil unrest under Spanish and then Brazilian rule, Uruguay has emerged as a country renowned for its welcoming people, stunning landscapes, first-class meat production, and high-quality wine. In recent decades, Uruguayans have enjoyed a stable democracy, a steady improvement in living conditions, and overall well-being.

In a packed room with an animated audience, Ambassador González Otero took the microphone to thank all the attendees for their sincere affection for his people and country. He then proudly expressed:

“Two years have quickly passed since I arrived in this lovely kingdom. Since then, we have started to shift the focus of the Embassy, placing more emphasis on our bilateral relations. The Netherlands and Uruguay have more in common than people might imagine. We share international principles, landscapes, agricultural production, developed services, qualified exports, and a progressive lifestyle.

We also share strong commitments to the well-being of our citizens and visitors, the protection of human rights, environmental sustainability, progressive social policies, and significant efforts towards renewable energy and climate action. Both countries also emphasize education, democratic governance, and active participation in international organizations promoting peace and development. So, we will keep working to boost our bilateral relations.”

Uruguay National Day, August 27 at the Leonardo Royal Hotel in The Hague.
From the Embassy of Uruguay, Counsellor Pablo Bayarres, Ambassador Gonzalez Otero and Hans Akerboom, Deputy Director Protocol and Host Country Affairs from the Netherlands.

Ambassador González Otero then listed some of the most relevant initiatives undertaken by the Embassy over the last few months:

– Uruguayan participation in the World Hydrogen Summit 2024: Led by the Minister of Industry, Energy, and Mining, Ms. Elisa Facio, with over 50 representatives from various sectors of the public and private sectors.

– Active participation in the “26th World Energy Congress.”

– Cooperation Project with Delft Institute for Water Education: Since 2011, Uruguayan professionals specializing in water resources have participated in the Delft Institute program for advanced training. Initially, the program began with 40 scholarships, resulting in 37 professionals successfully completing their studies. This early success led to the program’s relocation and implementation at the Technological University of Uruguay, now featuring regional participation. The program has since had two new editions in 2022 and 2024, expanding to include 17 professionals from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, and Peru. This development has transformed Uruguay into a regional hub in the field of water resource education.

– Uruguay’s status as one of the 32 signing states of the Ljubljana – The Hague Convention in February 2024.

– Positioning Uruguay as a potential living and working destination for Dutch farmers.

– Interactions with RVO and Port of Rotterdam related to port cooperation.

– Exploring and initiating new cooperation projects with Westland Municipality and Wageningen University.

– Meetings with private sector actors related to agribusiness.

– Preparation for the Capitan Miranda’s visit to Amsterdam: Uruguay’s school tall ship has already confirmed its participation in Sail Amsterdam 2025.

– Multilateral achievements: The Embassy has made progress in multilateral areas, including ongoing contributions and work with international organizations based in The Hague: the ICJ, ICC, OPCW, HCCH, and the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Additionally, a closer relationship with The Hague Academy of International Law has been pursued. Significant advances have also been made through the coordinated work of the GRULAC Group in relation to various international organizations.

H.E. Mr. Fernando Arias, OPCW Director General , Ambassador Gonzalez Otero and Mr Arias spouse, Patricia van Oordt.

Following his remarks, Ambassador González Otero invited the audience to watch a short video about Uruguay, which made a great impression on those present. He expressed, “Uruguay is an exceptional country that has developed a dynamic and robust culture, shaped by a fascinating blend of gaucho traditions, European influences, and the unique Rioplatense spirit. Tango, folklore, candombe, and milonga are examples of its rich artistic musical expression. Uruguayan gastronomy, featuring high-quality meat, wine, and dairy products, especially the beloved ‘dulce de leche,’ delights palates and consistently wins prestigious awards worldwide.”

“The work we have done does not mean we are satisfied; we want to continue advancing in a deeper process. The bilateral relationship is already strong, but the potential to strengthen bonds in several key areas is even greater.”

The Ambassador of Uruguay, H.E. Alvaro Gonzalez Otero and the President of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, Judge Graciela Gatti Santana with her husband Mr Gustavo Segovia.

The event was conceived to showcase the rich and diverse culture of Uruguay, a nation with a population of approximately 3,495,527 as of 2022.

The national anthems of Uruguay and the Netherlands were performed by the Uruguayan opera singer Sara de los Campos. After the ambassador’s speech, the Embassy paid tribute to two influential musicians: José “El Sabalero” Carbajal and Jaime Roos, who both lived in the Netherlands. Jaime Roos settled in Amsterdam in 1978, where he played bass in several salsa, rock, and jazz groups. He had a son and remained in the Netherlands until 1984 when he returned to Uruguay.

Carbajal spent his days in the Netherlands with his wife, Anke van Haastrecht, and their two children. Anke was invited to share some special stories from their life together.

Uruguayan opera singer Sara de los Campos.
Uruguayan drummers Luis Gradin, Marcelo Terra, and Nicolás Sánchez.

The enthusiastic audience enjoyed an authentic performance by talented Uruguayan drummers Luis Gradin, Marcelo Terra, and Nicolás Sánchez. The celebration continued with Uruguayan wine, classic savory empanadas, and dulce de leche, which delighted the crowded room and completed the great celebration.

Ambassador González Otero concluded the event by thanking his Embassy team: Counselor Pablo Bayarres, Chancellor Gustavo Morales, his assistant Juan Diego, and Martha Hernández and Sofía Anastasiou. He then led a warm toast for the people of the Netherlands, Uruguay, and the necessary and desired peace in the world.

China: A New Actor in the Contemporary Multipolar World

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China: A New Actor in the Contemporary Multipolar World

By Mariarosaria Iorio, Political Analyst

I. The post-cold war world  

International relations are nowadays characterised by major changes that started at the end of the 80s with the fall of the Berlin Wall.  Indeed, the end of the cold war was marked by the dislocation of the two main political blocks, namely the Soviet Union and the Western World. Such a dislocation resulted in the marginalization of the post-war multilateral system embodied in the United Nations, and the standstill of the multilateral trade negotiations in the late 90s in the context of the World Trade Organisation.  New lines of political thought have been facing each other since then, while reshaping the post-cold war world in a number of fragmented and variable sub-blocks of countries. 

The United States decided to put itself first by concentrating on its internal affairs, while withdrawing from international affairs.  

Europe, the old continent, looks for an efficient strategy towards autonomy from the United States.  Europe also tries, not without difficulty, to create a more cohesive internal and external political approach.  The reality is however evolving rather more towards fragmentation of Europe in favour of European National fragmented interests. Such a fragmentation is the natural consequence of the decadence of the European Institutional and collective actions to the advantage of individual Sates actions and interests.   In sum, what seemed to be a structured and coherent European Union block fighting for the promotion of its economic and political values all over the world has somehow become an alliance at variable geometry both internally and externally.  The disorganisation of the leadership results in a chaotic and unpredictable European External and Internal action. 

Thereof, the empty influence spaces left on the international relations scene has given new international actors the opportunity to emerge.  

Meanwhile, the fragmentation of the European Institutions has also impacted the EU-USA relations within NATO, and affected the security and peace sphere.  Security issues have been on and off on the European agenda.    

In this context, Russia that has lost its empire in the 80s looks now for a new power game. In spite of the disruption of the Soviet Union, Russia attempts either by influence or by force to exercise power in its ancient affiliate countries.  Russia that was supposed to be defeated with the fall of the Berlin Wall takes back its role of opponent to the Western World on the international scene at least as it concerns the international affairs philosophy.  Thus, creating a tension aimed at restoring its power in the world.   

The group of emerging and developing economies that constitute a new variable block with a large portion of population employed in agriculture have emerged as new actors in the world’s geo-political discourses.  At the head of this block on the international scene, there is China.  The shaky international leadership context has indeed given China a new space. China’s   communist past combined with its market-based economic strategy gives it a particular position.  

China is The One that can communicate to Russia. China is also The One that can have an influence on the Western economic and political scene as China owns a big part of Western Foreign Debt  

China embeds a horizontal strategy in both its trade and development policies, while producing at low wages.  Its production system coupled with its pragmatic political approach has reshaped the international power structure.  The top-down approach of the Western World faces now the competition created by the horizontal win-win approach proposed by China in both developing and industrialized countries.

Indeed, as a result of the decline of the Western World global hegemony based on market access and economic and social liberalism as a means to ensure economic growth and promote economic development, the vision promoted by China’s discourse, centred on the protection of livelihoods and local sovereign choices finds new adepts.  Furthermore, China has successfully attempted to promote a trade-off approach to international cooperation during the last 20 years.  A cooperation that does not interfere in internal affairs of partner countries as it has often reproached to the Western countries involved in international cooperation.  

As the developing countries leader, China positions itself as the spoke country for the poor.  As a new world powerful economic actor China plays as the guarantor of the Western Economic stability.  China positions itself as the bridge between the rich and the poor.  It is representing a different hegemonic game that only changes in its discourse, while still pursuing its own interests and influence zones.  Such a situation poses the question of the values that the international regime wants to embrace.  Indeed, this changing world results in an increased number of conflicts – be new or historical conflicts.  

The dislocation of the traditional leaders of the international relations has definitely created a chaotic and unpredictable scenario.  Chaos has in some cases been chosen as a political strategy to disrupt the post-1945 international regime. Such a disruption has benefitted new actors, and given space to new lines of thought.  These new lines of thought have attacked the existing international framework but has not yet succeeded in creating a new regime.  The increasing unbalance of power and the lack of leadership on the international political scene is risky. 

The reduction by choice of leadership of the United States has indeed resulted in the weakening of the values emerged as a result of the dramatic experience of Second World War, namely freedom of thought and freedom of speech to mention only a few.   We are now facing a much more authoritarian world with force used as a means to manage the political arena.  Dialogue seems to be a rather consuming exercise that has left its place to the use of force.  Force is no longer seen as the last option but rather the opening act for political dialogue.  Nationalism and individual interests are now at the centre of the political game. This trend is taking the world to instability and conflict.  

The peoples of the world are more and more questioning the existing system. People’s needs and expectations are not met.  The new emerged actors, such as China have given the hope of a possible change in the present international system without fundamentally questioning its rationale but rather trying to rip a slate of the cake.  

The struggle for influence among countries has not succeeded in building a peaceful and stable world. Citizens will have to face the challenge of building a new era of peace and stability worldwide.

Derrière les murs du Palais de la Paix : permanence et changements de la Cour internationale de Justice

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Derrière les murs du Palais de la Paix : permanence et changements de la Cour internationale de Justice

S.E. M. Philippe Couvreur est arrivé à La Haye en avril 1982, où il a d’abord occupé le poste d’assistant spécial aux bureaux du greffier et du greffier adjoint de la Cour internationale de Justice.

Il a ensuite exercé les fonctions de Secrétaire, Premier Secrétaire et Secrétaire juridique principal, avant d’être élu Greffier de la Cour en 2000, et réélu en 2007 et 2014. Pour marquer l’anniversaire de ses débuts à la Cour, il y a 35 ans, Diplomat Magazine l’a invité à témoigner de son expérience unique au service de cette institution, des évolutions qu’il a pu y observer, et à partager le regard qu’il porte sur les changements qui ont marqué la Cour et La Haye au cours des trois dernières décennies.
Philippe Couvreur avec le Pape Jean-Paul II prise le 13 mai 1985.
Je suis arrivé à La Haye en avril 1982 — de façon aussi inattendue que j’avais entamé des études de droit treize ans auparavant (mais c’est là une autre histoire…) — pour occuper un poste temporaire à la Cour internationale de Justice. La Cour était alors la seule institution judiciaire internationale existante au plan universel. Son activité, particulièrement faible à la fin des années 1970, ne pouvait en ce temps-là guère laisser présager du succès que rencontrerait la Cour dans les décennies à venir. Mon bienveillant maître de Louvain, le professeur Paul de Visscher, fils du célèbre internationaliste Charles de Visscher, unique juge belge à la Cour, m’avait prédit des jours aussi sereins qu’heureux, écoulés à lire et à écrire des ouvrages dans la solitude des imposants murs de la bibliothèque du Palais de la Paix…
Les mémoires ont été dûment déposés dans l’affaire El Salvador c. Honduras dans la salle Bol le 1 juin 1988, l’affaire du Différend frontalier terrestre, insulaire et maritime.
En rejoignant la Cour, un frais matin d’avril, dont je garde un souvenir très précis, le jeune juriste que j’étais découvrit, non sans étonnement, une organisation de taille très modeste, le Greffe, qui en est l’organe administratif, alors composé de moins d’une quarantaine de fonctionnaires. Le fonctionnement de la Cour reposait entièrement sur cette équipe restreinte de personnel permanent, auquel s’ajoutait, selon que de besoin, un personnel temporaire pour faire face au surcroît de travaux linguistiques et de sténodactylographie lors des sessions (publiques et privées) de la Cour. Je me rappelle avoir été frappé par la personnalité haute en couleur de certains de ces traducteurs indépendants, dont la grande culture littéraire m’émerveillait. Cette structure très économique du Greffe impliquait une grande polyvalence de ses membres, et les Secrétaires de la Cour — ses fonctionnaires supérieurs — étaient appelés, en sus de leurs travaux de recherches juridiques, de préparation des documents de la Cour, et de rédaction de la correspondance diplomatique, à assumer eux-mêmes l’essentiel des tâches linguistiques (traduction et interprétation) et d’information, ainsi que la supervision de nombreuses activités administratives et logistiques.
La Grande salle de Justice, l’affaire Relative au Timor Oriental (Portugal c. Australie) Arrêt du 30 juin 1995.
Il n’était nullement rare qu’un nouveau venu comme moi ait à passer week-ends et nuits blanches au Palais de la Paix à effectuer les travaux les plus divers… allant jusqu’à imprimer et polycopier, sur de vieilles machines à stencils ronéotype, des décisions dont la Cour devait donner la lecture en séance publique le lendemain ! Dès mon arrivée au Greffe, j’ai eu le bonheur et le privilège d’être initié et associé à l’ensemble des fonctions de l’institution sous la patiente supervision de personnalités d’exception, tels que MM. Torres Bernárdez et Pillepich, alors respectivement Greffier et Greffier adjoint. J’en ai retiré le plus grand bénéfice, puisque cette immersion sans préparation dans toutes les facettes de l’activité du Greffe m’a permis d’acquérir de ce dernier une connaissance unique — de l’intérieur — et sous tous ses aspects —, un acquis particulièrement précieux au moment où j’ai été amené, bien des années plus tard, à assumer la délicate responsabilité d’en assurer la gestion au plus haut niveau. Devenir un fonctionnaire du Greffe au début des années 1980 signifiait accepter de se couler sans discussion dans un moule à tous égards exigeant, et se donner corps et âme, avec humilité et discrétion, à l’institution, sans penser à soi ni parler de soi. Depuis ces années d’initiation, j’ai été le témoin de profondes transformations de la Cour, rendues inévitables à la fois pour répondre à l’accroissement considérable de ses activités, avec la disparition du monde bipolaire qui avait relégué le règlement judiciaire à un rôle quelque peu marginal, et pour saisir les opportunités nouvelles offertes, notamment, par le progrès des technologies et de la communication. Entre 1982 et aujourd’hui, le nombre de fonctionnaires a ainsi presque triplé (il a quasiment doublé depuis l’an 2000, année de ma première élection en tant que Greffier). L’organisation du travail a été progressivement spécialisée entre les divers départements, juridique, linguistique et chargé de l’information, qui furent créés en 1997, et les services techniques. Par ailleurs, les Membres de la Cour ne disposèrent pas, pendant longtemps, de « référendaires » — ils s’y sont d’ailleurs longtemps refusés—, et l’assistance apportée aux juges en matière judiciaire était principalement répartie entre les fonctionnaires du Département des affaires juridiques.
H.E. Philippe Couvreur avec la Reine Beatrix photo prise pendant le 50 eme anniversaire de la Cour (18-04-1996).
Les cinq premiers postes de juristes référendaires ne furent obtenus de l’Assemblée générale et créés qu’en 2002, à l’issue de difficiles négociations que je me souviens avoir menées avec beaucoup de plaisir et d’intérêt ; le nombre de ces postes s’est progressivement accru, pour s’élever à quinze aujourd’hui. Les divers développements qui ont marqué le monde au cours des dernières décennies n’ont pas manqué de soulever pour la Cour de nouveaux défis. Comme c’est le cas pour toute institution, elle n’a pu les relever en faisant table rase des enseignements de son histoire ni, à l’inverse, en ne saisissant pas toutes les opportunités offertes par le temps présent. A ces différents égards, la Cour est certainement parvenue, au fil des ans, à assurer un équilibre, toujours délicat, entre changements et continuité. La continuité de la Cour est bien sûr inscrite dans son Statut, qui fait partie intégrante de la Charte des Nations Unies, et reflétée dans ses méthodes judiciaires, qui ont été très largement élaborées par sa devancière, la Cour permanente de Justice internationale, et héritées d’elle. Cette continuité historique était particulièrement présente lorsque j’ai rejoint le Greffe. Ainsi, en manière d’anecdote, divers hauts fonctionnaires alors en poste avaient eux-mêmes côtoyé, au début de leur carrière, d’anciens fonctionnaires de la Cour permanente. Tous nourrissaient à l’égard de cette dernière le plus grand respect. Il régnait d’ailleurs dans les couloirs du Palais de la Paix une atmosphère feutrée et délicieusement surannée, évocatrice de la défunte Société des Nations. Je me souviens en avoir encore utilisé maintes fournitures de bureau ! La continuité jurisprudentielle et procédurale entre les deux Cours constitue pour les Etats une garantie importante de sécurité et de prévisibilité juridiques. Cette continuité, juridique et historique, de même que l’expérience accumulée en plus de quatre-vingt-dix ans d’exercice de la fonction judiciaire, sont pour la Cour un facteur crucial de légitimité.
H.E. Philippe Couvreur vec le Roi Willem-Alexander photo prise pendant le 70 eme anniversaire de la Cour (20-04-2016).
En même temps, la Cour a eu, à l’évidence, à s’adapter aux changements du monde réel dans lequel elle opère, comme aux nécessités et opportunités nouvelles de chaque époque traversée. L’une des transformations notoires auxquelles j’ai assisté fut l’ouverture croissante de la Cour sur l’extérieur : longtemps à l’écart, à dessein, des organes politiques des Nations Unies, la Cour a souhaité se faire plus et mieux entendre de ces organes et des Etats membres. Elle a ainsi rompu avec ce qui était parfois perçu comme un « splendide isolement » au sein des Nations Unies, même si elle défend toujours jalousement son autonomie. La Cour doit en outre désormais également tenir compte des nombreuses autres juridictions, internationales ou régionales, qui ont été créées ces dernières années, et veiller, autant que possible, à assurer l’harmonie du « concert judiciaire » que permet ce foisonnement de cours et tribunaux sur la scène internationale. Davantage ouverte sur la communauté internationale et ses réalités, la Cour s’est montrée de plus en plus attentive, non seulement à sa place dans l’Organisation des Nations Unies, mais aussi à la poursuite des objectifs de celle-ci et à sa mission propre au service du règlement pacifique des différends internationaux. Des différends de plus en plus complexes, tant juridiquement que factuellement, en même temps que politiquement plus denses, lui ont été soumis. En révisant constamment, selon que de besoin, ses méthodes de travail, elle a su les résoudre rapidement et efficacement, à un coût particulièrement modeste pour la communauté internationale, tout en assurant le développement du droit. Enfin, pour conclure sur une note plus prosaïque, mais qui est loin d’être négligeable, je ne peux taire la chance que j’ai eue de connaître l’extraordinaire développement de la ville de La Haye au cours des 35 dernières années. Celle-ci offre aujourd’hui à la Cour, comme aux nombreuses institutions internationales qui s’y sont installées à sa suite, une qualité de vie et un cadre de travail uniques, qui sont très loin de ressembler à ce que j’ai trouvé en y arrivant. A l’image de l’imposante stature du Palais de la Paix où elle siège, symbole mondialement connu de la justice internationale, la Cour est une institution solidement établie. En dépit des périodes de doute ou de désaffection qu’elle a traversées par le passé, son rôle est unanimement salué au sein de la communauté internationale et le recours à ses services par les Etats n’a jamais été aussi soutenu. 35 ans après, je continue de mesurer chaque jour le privilège qui est le mien de servir au mieux de mes capacités l’organe judiciaire principal des Nations Unies. —– Les photos dans l’article sont une courtoisie de la Cour International de Justice.

Ambassador Arnoldo Brenes Castro

Diplomat Magazine
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Ambassador Arnoldo Brenes Castro

Costa Rica’s Visionary Candidate for the OPCW Director-General

In a world still facing growing threats from the use and proliferation of chemical weapons, and with increasing geopolitical tensions and challenges, the need for principled, experienced, and visionary leadership at the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is more critical than ever. The Government of Costa Rica has put forward a candidate for Director-General who embodies these essential qualities and exemplifies the country’s longstanding commitment to peace, the rule of law, and disarmament: Ambassador Arnoldo Brenes Castro.

“I am honored to be presented by Costa Rica for the role of Director-General of the OPCW. With a 30-year career in diplomacy, disarmament, and legal affairs, and a deep belief in the Rule of Law and global cooperation, I am prepared to lead the OPCW with vision and integrity.” – H.E. Arnoldo Brenes Castro

A Nation of Peace, a Candidate of Principles

Costa Rica, the oldest democracy in Latin America, abolished its armed forces in 1948. Since then, it has promoted a diplomatic tradition rooted in dialogue, human rights, and international law. It further enshrined this identity by declaring its permanent neutrality in 1983, becoming the only Latin American country to legally adopt such a status as a pillar of foreign policy.

“Costa Rica’s experience has shown the world that peace and disarmament are achievable when dialogue, diplomacy, and multilateralism are prioritized,” Ambassador Brenes affirms.

This unique path has earned Costa Rica recognition as a global advocate for peaceful conflict resolution and international justice. Home to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the UN-mandated University for Peace, the country consistently demonstrates how peace, democracy, and cooperation can serve as the strongest foundations for national and international security.

Costa Rica ‘s ambassador, H.E. Arnoldo Brenes Castro.

“Costa Rica has long been recognized as a global leader in peace, disarmament, and international law. Its commitment to these principles is exemplified by its abolition of the military in 1948, allowing the nation to redirect resources toward education, healthcare, and environmental conservation. This foundational decision has positioned Costa Rica as a moral authority in international forums, advocating for human rights, environmental sustainability, and peaceful conflict resolution.” (Canadian Foreign Policy Institute, Naturewaystravel)

Ambassador Arnoldo Brenes Castro, Costa Rica’s envoy to the Netherlands since December 2020, embodies this legacy and values. With a distinguished career in international law, he has represented Costa Rica in various international courts and organizations, contributing to the nation’s reputation as a steadfast advocate for peace and justice. His candidacy for the Director-General position at the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) reflects his dedication to upholding international norms and promoting a world free of chemical weapons.

A Career Forged in Diplomacy and Law

Ambassador Brenes Castro’s path mirrors Costa Rica’s ideals, forging his unique leadership skills. Educated in law at the University of Costa Rica, the country’s premier public university, he pursued further academic specialization in Human Rights Theory and Practice at the University of Essex in the United Kingdom. This combination of legal rigor and humanitarian vision has shaped his life’s work.

In 1995, he joined the Arias Foundation for Peace and Human Progress, serving as Coordinator of the Security and Demilitarization Program, through which non-military security policies were promoted across Central America and Africa. His work on demilitarization, captured in publications such as The Leadership Challenges of Demilitarization in Africa and Soldiers as Businessmen: The Economic Activities of Central America’s Militaries, remains influential.

At the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica, he held roles of critical importance since the year 2000. In the wake of 9/11, he spearheaded the creation of Costa Rica’s Inter-Institutional Commission against Terrorism, aligning national legislation with UN Security Council resolutions and international conventions. He also trained at the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies of the U.S. National Defense University, further honing his skills in defense planning and inter-agency coordination for fighting terrorism.

During a time span of two decades, Ambassador Brenes was Advisor to nine Ministers of Foreign Affairs, served as Coordinator of International Litigations and Counsel and Advocate in six major cases before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and negotiated a landmark maritime delimitation treaty with Ecuador, among other achievements. His leadership in extending Costa Rica’s continental shelf through a joint submission with Ecuador to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, highlights his diplomatic acumen and legal expertise.

Although not a career diplomat, to date Ambassador Brenes has worked for the last seven Costa Rican governments, originating from four different political parties. “I was privileged to be honoured with the trust of several Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Presidents, and I believe this was possible because I am perceived as a just person, deeply committed to the same principles and values that I have brought forth to my current post of Ambassador to the Kingdom of the Netherlands and Permanent Representative to several international organizations, including the OPCW.

Ambassador Brenes Castro.

International Credentials and Affiliations

Since starting his post in 2020, Ambassador Brenes Castro has long engaged with the multilateral system in The Hague, including work with the International Criminal Court and the OPCW. He has also been actively participating in the Inter-State Working Group to Advance Proposals for International Criminal Accountability for Chemical Weapons Use, reflecting his deep commitment to justice and the Rule of Law.

His distinguished affiliations include:

  • Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (appointed in 2019, renewed in 2025)
  • Knight of Magistral Grace of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
  • Associate at the Instituto Hispano-Luso-Americano de Derecho Internacional

A Vision for the OPCW

“Costa Rica’s commitment to the Rule of Law and peacebuilding influenced my academic and professional path. I am convinced that my roots and my background can bring a positive imprint to my leadership role as Director-General of the OPCW.”

Should he be elected, Ambassador Brenes Castro pledges to lead the OPCW with impartiality, unity, purpose, and unwavering dedication. Besides following up on the strengthening of the Chem-Tec Centre, as well as continuing the on-going work in Syria and Ukraine, he plans to:

  • Emphasize inclusive diplomacy, ensuring that the OPCW remains a trusted multilateral body responsive to all its Member States.
  • Warrant that the organisation’s Technical Secretariat incorporates AI and other emerging technologies in its various fields of work, with a special emphasis on the verification regime; to achieve this, the organization should develop its own in-house capacity, thereby ensuring both the ability to stay up to date with the unprecedented speed in technological progress, while ensuring that protected information is safely handled.
  • Bolster the organization’s verification frameworks to meet evolving challenges.
  • Through cooperation initiatives, work with all Member States to warrant that internal legislation and procedures, are fully adopted for the proper domestic implementation of the obligations derived from Chemical Weapons Convention by all Member States, as well as delivering training and other capacity building initiatives.
  • Promote transparency and public engagement, increasing international awareness on the dangers of chemical weapons, as well as on the relevance of the OPCW and its work, and the unique role it plays in contributing to make the world safer.
  • Foster collaboration with other international institutions to reinforce the chemical weapons non-proliferation regime, as well as to explore additional sources of funding.
  • Continue the efforts to achieve gender balance and a broad and equitable geographical basis within the Technical Secretariat, while seeking the highest standards of efficiency, competence and integrity.
  • Strive to achieve full universality of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

As the OPCW prepares for a new chapter, Costa Rica offers a proven leader shaped by history, forged in international law, and guided by a profound belief in peace, dialogue and multilateral cooperation. Ambassador Brenes Castro’s candidacy offers a blend of legal expertise, diplomatic experience, and a deep-seated commitment to peace, qualities that align with the OPCW’s mission to rid the world of chemical weapons and prevent their re-emergence.

“We must all be extremely proud of the OPCW and its achievements up to date. The world is definitely a better place because of its existence and the work it does. There is in fact no other organization like it. But there are important challenges ahead, many of which require dialogue and diplomacy, grounded in deeply rooted principles. I am ready to lead the OPCW forward—guided by the values of impartiality, efficiency, and dedication to bring forth a safer world.”

Poland handing over EU ceremony

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Poland handing over EU ceremony

By Roy Lie Atjam

On June 30, 2025, the Embassy of the Republic of Poland hosted a remarkable jazz concert featuring the Marcin Wasilewski Trio, celebrating the conclusion of Poland’s Presidency of the Council of the European Union and the meaningful handover of the presidency to the Embassy of Denmark in The Hague.

The evening inspired an esteemed gathering of representatives from the diplomatic corps, Dutch institutions, international tribunals, and prominent figures from the worlds of culture and European politics. H.E. Ms. Margareta Kassangana, Ambassador of Poland, took this moment to passionately summarize the Embassy’s significant achievements during Poland’s Presidency, highlighting the regular engagement of Heads of Mission with Dutch government ministers, culminating in a valuable working lunch with Prime Minister Dick Schoof. The agenda was rich with expert-level consultations and cultural events that underscored Poland’s leadership and dedication during this pivotal time.

Marcin Wasilewski Trio from Poland.

Before the artistic part of the evening, a ceremonial handover of the symbolic “Presidency Plate” took place, with Ambassador of the Kingdom of Denmark, H.E. Mr. Ulf Melgaard, accepting the token. The official part concluded with a concert by the Marcin Wasilewski Trio – one of the most outstanding ensembles on the Polish jazz scene – which had also inaugurated the Polish Presidency six months earlier with a performance in Brussels. Their concert in The Hague served as a symbolic closing bracket to Poland’s leadership of the Council.

The hour-long performance was met with enthusiastic applause and highlighted the shared, transnational character of the European Union. The evening concluded with a reception, offering guests an opportunity for informal conversation and reflection on the past six months.

Jazz concert on Polish handing over EU ceremony

The ceremony in The Hague was not only a summary of the intense Polish Presidency, but also a demonstration of how diplomacy and culture can jointly strengthen European identity and foster closer ties between EU member states.

10 Years of Multilateral Religious Freedom Work

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10 Years of Multilateral Religious Freedom Work

Translating a shared value into shared action

By Knox Thames

Ten years ago, on June 15, 2015, something remarkable happened. For arguably the first time ever, a group of countries decided to work collectively to advance religious freedom for people of different faiths outside their own borders. Throughout history, confessional states have fought for their own. However, in 2015, a new page was turned focused on religious freedom for all. Now, a decade into this experiment, we should reflect on the remarkable progress and the many challenges remaining.

Canadian Initiative, American Partnership

In 2015, with the ISIS depravations against religious minorities coming to light, we saw a need for like-minded nations to band together in defense of the shared value of religious freedom. Canada’s then Ambassador for Religious Freedom, Andrew Bennett, was a key actor, bringing energy and political support. He welcomed partnerships with myself (then at USCIRF) and others. After a series of initial discussions, the effort formally launched on June 15 in Brussels, with Andrew chairing the founding meeting of the International Contact Group on Freedom of Religion or Belief. Many attended, including myself. The city’s international profile hosting the European Union and NATO made it a worthy setting. The Obama administration’s religious freedom ambassador, David Saperstein, joined, as did representatives from key countries like the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, all of whom would play future leadership roles.

The International Contact Group, or ICG, served as an incubator for developing and implementing multilateral diplomacy on freedom of religion or belief (FoRB). While diplomats had collaborated around human rights in general, never before had efforts focused solely on freedom of religion or belief. Unfortunately, Andrew did not have much time to lead the effort. In November of that same year, he stepped down after Justin Trudeau’s election as Prime Minister. But the nascent endeavor continued. Andrew passed the baton, inviting me to serve as ICG co-chair (since I had joined the State Department) with Canadian diplomat Giuliana Natale.

The ICG became a place to share information between subject matter experts and diplomats, meeting twice a year, once in Geneva and once in New York. As I highlight in my book, we experimented with different forms of collective action. For instance, in 2017, we coordinated statements on social media denouncing the house arrest of the Eritrean Orthodox Patriarch and urging his release. While never freed, the government did allow him to attend a mass for the first time in years after the statements. It was a blessing to the Patriarch and a good return on low-cost diplomatic investment.

Larger efforts concerned freeing Asia Bibi in 2018. The Pakistani government refused to let her leave despite being acquitted of blasphemy allegations and released from prison. Through the ICG, we coordinated joint demarches on Islamabad, urging that she be allowed to join her family abroad. With multiple countries all delivering the same message in the same week, the show of force helped convince the military leadership to let her go. We saw how multilateral FoRB advocacy could work in meaningful ways, realizing the benefits of joint action and encouraging more governments to get involved.

When the Trump administration launched a series of ministerial-level meetings in 2018 and 2019, interest grew in elevating multilateral diplomacy to a higher political level. Under the leadership of Sam Brownback, the first Trump administration’s religious freedom ambassador, and a former senator and governor, he wanted something that could punch harder with a higher commitment among actual members. (The ICG was and remains a network.) The International Religious Freedom Alliance was launched in February 2020 with high aspirations. As its Declaration of Principles stated, “The Alliance is predicated on the idea more must be done to protect members of religious minority groups and combat discrimination and persecution based on religion or belief.”

Challenges in a Fraught World

As someone involved in designing the Alliance while co-chairing the ICG, we imported many of the ICG’s proven approaches into the Alliance. Its founding documents highlight a shared commitment to international standards and advocacy cooperation. It stated that the “Alliance intends to advocate for freedom of religion or belief for all” as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and that its members are “willing to publicly and privately object to abuses.” Over the past five years, the Alliance has grown from 27 founding members to over 40, while its name changed to the International Religious Freedom or Belief Alliance (IRFBA) and now the Article 18 Alliance. All the while, the ICG continues to meet.

Now, 10 years after the ICG’s founding and five years after the Alliance’s launch, we must ask where to go from here.

The unprecedented level of attention on FoRB is worthy, as repression and discrimination on account of religion or belief continues. While persecution persists, it is undoubtedly less than it would have been without these efforts. However, we must be honest in evaluating whether these networks and meetings make a difference, not just maintaining them for the sake of their own existence. While a proponent of these efforts, meetings for the sake of meetings are the worst of internationalism. But if focused on the mission of religious freedom for all and committed to action, these networks can still serve crucial roles.

A foremost challenge is lessening political attention. The movement in 2015 rode a wave of interest as the ISIS depravities elevated religious persecution in tragically horrific ways. But memories fade. Now, wars in Europe and the Middle East distract policymakers and reduce resources. Talk of religious freedom seems a luxury while ballistic missiles rain down in the Middle East and Russian tanks advance across frontiers. An increasing focus on national interests by the United States and Europe squeezes space for a values agenda while grant money evaporates.

To shore up support, FoRB advocates can articulate how combating religious persecution compliments a hard security agenda while reflecting national values. Religious persecution is not going to fade away just because it fades on the priority list. We know persecution is intertwined with many of the most pressing challenges, directly or indirectly implicated in conflict, migration, and human rights violations. Enlightened self-interest that addresses persecution can make nations safer and more prosperous while lessening human suffering and reducing push factors of migration.

Connected is softening support among voters in democracies. Recent surveys about religious nationalism demonstrate how it is a persistent and common perspective across every region. It is understandable and natural for people to want their leaders to advance their values and look out for their communities. In my experience, most “regular people” outside of world capitals understand how religious freedom for all is the best way to secure a brighter future for their own when explained. It just needs to be explained more. Elected leaders listen to their constituents.

Next Steps

Ten years after the ICG’s launch, an expanding ecosystem of actors are focused on international religious freedom advocacy. Diplomats need not act alone; partnership is crucial. In addition to the ICG and Alliance, others include the International Panel of Parliamentarians for FoRB, the IRF Roundtables, UN NGO FoRB Committees, and various parliamentary groups like the APPGs in the UK, alongside faith-based and confessional organizations. Better coordination among these multiple nodes of activity could realize untapped potential.

Success will require coordinated, but not controlling, action. The ICG and Alliance will likely continue in their separate but adjacent lanes. While perhaps they should merge, the challenge of global persecution is significant enough to justify both, especially if they can delineate complementary (and not duplicative) areas of activity. Both can capitalize on NGO partnerships, which can help maintain, if not expand, high-level government interest. In addition, recruiting new members who fully comply with Article 18 standards will enhance credibility and momentum. We need to move more countries from rhetorical support to actual engagement with offending countries and fragile states where persecution runs rampant. By working in concert rather than in silos, the movement can maximize its reach and impact, even with diminished political and financial support.

For ideas on action, the Declaration of Principles provides a practical framework for how the FoRB ecosystem can respond to violations, outlining three key types of responses: reactive measures, proactive measures, and potential instruments of action. Reactive measures include condemning violence or incitement to violence against individuals or religious sites, whether perpetrated by state or non-state actors. The Declaration also calls for steadfastly responding to persistent violations of the right to manifest one’s religion or belief, such as the misuse of blasphemy laws, denial of legal recognition to religious or non-religious communities, and restrictions on the freedom to change one’s religion or belief. It’s the nuts-and-bolts of FoRB advocacy.

However, getting ahead of the problem is vital, and the Declaration outlines a range of proactive measures aimed at advancing freedom of religion or belief globally. These include promoting respect for diversity, tolerance, and inclusion in line with the Istanbul Process and protecting religious or belief sites from desecration. The ICG and Alliance countries can actively engage with civil society, including religious communities and leaders, while expanding literacy on freedom of religion or belief and related human rights frameworks. Upholding religious freedom alongside other fundamental rights, such as freedom of expression, is also emphasized.

Lastly, the Declaration highlights a spectrum of potential FoRB actions. Possible government responses include joint monitoring and reporting, coordinated demarches, public diplomacy efforts, interfaith engagement, victim support, and targeted sanctions. Governments and civil society can advocate together for prisoners of conscience, legal reform, rejecting religious discrimination in access to education, justice, housing, and employment, and promoting equal citizenship. Investing in civil society, training law enforcement, and supporting human rights defenders are essential steps. When employed strategically across these networks, responses can amplify impact and drive meaningful progress in protecting and advancing religious freedom globally.

A decade into this effort, we must continue to explore how to translate a shared value into shared action. We must expand our arguments for why religious freedom matters inside and outside the human rights agenda. In a time of persistent religious persecution, the ICG and the Alliance are an underappreciated good news story. These networks have helped set captives free and bring change to repressive systems. To protect the gains made, we must bolster these networks to weather government changes and decreased financial support. While religious freedom advocacy has never been easy, the last ten years mustn’t be the high-water mark. Too many lives are on the line.

About the author:

Knox Thames served in a special envoy position during the Obama and Trump administrations focused on religious minorities in the Middle East and South/Central Asia. His book, Ending Persecution: Charting the Path to Global Religious Freedom, was released in September 2025 by University of Notre Dame Press.

Caribbean Business Hub event draws full house despite NATO summit in The Hague

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Caribbean Business Hub event draws full house despite NATO summit in The Hague

The Hague, June 25, 2025 – While President Trump left The Hague after the NATO summit on Wednesday evening, entrepreneurs and professionals gathered at the Cabinet of the Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao for an inspiring networking event organized by the Caribbean Business Hub (CBH).

Caribbean Business Hub met ir. George Polman (architect van AG Architecten} 25-06-2025

The evening was opened by chairman Nico de Visser, who emphasized CBH’s ambitions: stimulating entrepreneurship, from inspiring circular projects and investment funds to innovative (franchise) formulas on all the Caribbean islands and Latin America. CBH achieves this by informing, facilitating, supporting, and most importantly: matching. New is their online marketplace for business acquisitions, financing requests, and real estate opportunities. Personal contact during networking events remains the beating heart of their approach.

Next year, the ambition will grow further when CBH organizes the Caribbean & Latin Village: a large fair for entrepreneurs, franchisees, hospitality tycoons, real estate agents, service companies, stakeholders, and investors. Exhibitors and sponsors can already respond now.

George Polman, director of AG Architects / Caribbean Business Hub met ir. George Polman (architect van AG Architecten} 25-06-2025

Architect George Polman, director of AG Architects in Haarlem, the Netherlands, gave an impressive keynote, which he began in Papiamento – a powerful signal about the importance of cultural alignment in international business. He presented very inspiring megaprojects on Bonaire. They range from exclusive, colorful villas and mansions in Caribbean style to creating new destinations for old buildings, as well as high-quality social housing with the same characteristic look. According to George Polman, social enterprises have a significant positive impact on society. By also building high-quality homes for the less fortunate, the gap between rich and poor is narrowed.

Caribbean Business Hub met ir. George Polman (architect van AG Architecten} 25-06-2025

Then, Mrs. Penningston pitched her Curaçao company, a striking example of Caribbean entrepreneurship making the leap to the European market. She talked about Blue Curaçao liqueur, which was invented and developed on the island itself in 1896. The tamarind liqueur, their tropical surprise, was also presented during the liqueur tasting.

The evening was concluded by Minister Plenipotentiary Carlson Manuel, who encouraged attendees to actively seek opportunities on the islands and emphasized that entrepreneurs are welcome on all the Caribbean islands, particularly on Curaçao.

With a tropical buffet, good conversations, and a constructive atmosphere, the event was once again a success. The next CBH networking event is scheduled for Tuesday, September 30, 2025.

More information and registration:

www.caribbeanbusinesshub.nl

Africa Day Festivities 2025

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Africa Day Festivities 2025

By Roy Lie Atjam

Theme: The Year of Justice for Africans and People of African Descent Through Reparations

Objective: to forge a unified African Common Position on reparations, drawing insights from experts, member states, and key stakeholder.

Significance: “As we commemorate Africa Day 2025, we proudly celebrate the 62nd anniversary of the founding of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now known as the African Union (AU), established in 1963”.

On 27 May 2025, the Group of African Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, alongside Her Excellency Ms. Maria Isabel Resende Encoge, the Ambassador of the Republic of Angola and Dean of the Group of African Diplomatic Corps,  hosted the Africa Day 2025 celebrations.

Ambassadors attending Africa Day 2025.

Her Excellency Dean Ms. Maria Isabel Resende Encoge delivered  inspiring remarks that underscore the significance of our united aspirations and the quest for justice.

“First of all, allow me to welcome all those who honour us with their presence at this commemorative event in allusion to the 62nd anniversary of the establishment of Africa Day, on 25 May 1963, when African Heads of State enthusiastically created the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now the African Union, ensuring, among other things, the total emancipation of the African continent, after centuries of colonial oppression, the consequences of which are still being faced in the different geographies of our continent and by people of African descent throughout the world.

Africa Day 2025

For this reason, we underline the relevance of “justice for all Africans and Afro-descendants through reparations”, as part of the process of achieving an increasingly egalitarian environment among men, regardless of their colour, ethnicity, religion or gender.

Furthermore, diplomatic efforts continue as a valid path towards the recovery of cultural artifacts and African heritage looted during colonization and slavery as an important mechanism for historical reparation.

H.E. Ms Caroline Chipeta Kitana, Ambassador of Tanzania.

Similar to the period in which African independence was achieved, the current global geopolitical scenario is marked by events of various kinds, namely armed conflicts,climate change, food crises, among others, thus requiring greater acuity in the use of diplomatic resources so that the best solutions are found in the shortest possible time frames, paving the way for the achievement of collective goals, with emphasis on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the African Union’s Agenda 2063.

In this regard, allow me to express our recognition and gratitude for the crucial role of international solidarity in achieving African independence, and to emphasize that once again, we are called to convert challenges into opportunities, overcoming the obstacles arising from the current situation, in search of a better future that extends to all, based on the principles of the United Nations Charter, the Constitutive Act of the African Union and other related instruments.

H.E. Mr. Vusimuzi Madonsela, Ambassador of South Africa at Africa Day 2025.
H.E. Ms Salima Abdelhak, Ambassador of Algeria.

I wish everyone a Happy Africa Day, the Cradle of Humanity, a continent so diverse and rich, with vibrant cultures and immense potential, and above all, a friendly and very happy people, as can be seen in this present human context.

I conclude my speech by saluting our unity, saluting our efforts to find African solutions to African problems, saluting our contribution to a better world”.

Musical ensembles from Angola, Morocco and Sudan contributed vibrant performances of music and dance. Additionally, various countries seized the opportunity to delight the guests with an array of exquisite culinary dishes from their country.

A dazzling celebration, thanks to the enthusiastic participation of a large number of attendees.

Africa Day 2025
Africa Day 2025

Ambassadors of Panama and Peru Visit Saxion University of Applied Sciences

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Ambassadors of Panama and Peru Visit Saxion University of Applied Sciences

By Eduardo Antonio Carreño Campos, Carlos Enrique Díaz Villanueva
and  Kristoff Derveaux

On May 7, Saxion University of Applied Sciences had the honor of welcoming the Ambassadors of Panama, H.E. Ms. Sally Loo Hui,  and Peru, H.E. Ms. Franca Deza Ferreccio, who together with Mr. Eduardo Antonio Carreño Campos and Mr. Carlos Enrique Díaz Villanueva, education attachés of these diplomatic missions accredited in The Hague, visited our main campus in Enschede. The purpose of the visit was to introduce the ambassadors to Saxion, the Civil Engineering program, and the research group Sustainable Areas and Soil Transitions (SAST). This visit marked an important step toward strengthening future collaboration.

In recent years, students of the Civil Engineering program of Saxion carried out two educational projects for organizations in Panama (IDIAP http://www.idiap.gob.pa/) and Peru (OTASS https://www.gob.pe/otass). These projects were possible thanks to the connections established between Saxion and Latin American organizations through their embassies in The Hague. Additionally, one student completed an on-site internship with a Panamanian company, further strengthening the collaboration and practical learning experience.

Program of the Day – The day began with presentations introducing the ambassadors to Saxion as an educational and research institution. The ambassadors of Peru and Panama then presented their respective countries, highlighting their strengths and challenges. The municipality of Enschede also participated, sharing their challenges related to climate adaptation. The municipality was invited as part of Saxion’s ambition to be a strong regional partner and to collaborate on addressing local challenges.

Presentation on Peru at Saxion Univertiy.
Presentation by the Municipality of Enschede.

After a quick lunch filled with pleasant conversations, the research groups SAST and Sustainable Building Technology (SBT) were introduced. Opportunities for collaboration on research projects were discussed, with the aim of strengthening our shared knowledge base and learning from one another.

Students Take the Stage

A key part of the program was the presentation of the Civil Engineering curriculum, which will be offered entirely in English starting in the 2025–2026 academic year. This opens the door for students from Panama and Peru to study in Enschede.

Two student groups presented their educational projects. The first group showcased their graduation project on climate-adaptive, circular, and traffic-oriented redesign of a residential area. The second group focused on the renovation of a bridge in Amsterdam and the associated logistical processes. The ambassadors showed great interest in the projects.

Excursion and Closing

On this sunny day, a mini-excursion was organized to Kristalbad, a well-known water management and sanitation regional project carried out by the Vechtstromen Water Authority. The ambassadors were given a guided tour and expert explanation on the project objectives. Upon returning to Saxion, they also visited the Trendy Water Centre, where technologies for reusing water of various qualities/sources were demonstrated—technologies that could also be applied in other countries.

The day concluded with a drink, and the ambassadors were presented with a “Bag to School” as a token of appreciation.

Looking Ahead

We look back on a very successful and enjoyable day. Collaboration with Panama and Peru will be further strengthened through additional educational and research projects.

The role of the ambassadors is crucial in this, as they serve as a bridge between their countries and Saxion.

Once again, we extend our sincere thanks to both ambassadors for visiting our university in Enschede.

Denmark Introduces New Agreement to Attract International Workers from Selected Countries

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Denmark Introduces New Agreement to Attract International Workers from Selected Countries

On 30 June 2025, the Danish government introduced a new agreement to facilitate the recruitment of international workers from 16 designated non-EU countries. The initiative, known as the Collective Agreement–based Business Scheme, is aimed at securing skilled labour under regulated and fair working conditions.

The scheme allows employers to hire foreign nationals from a selected list of countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, India, China, Japan, Brazil, Singapore, Malaysia, Ukraine, Moldova, Albania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia. According to the Ministry of Employment, the selection is based on the countries’ status as key trade partners or as candidates for EU membership.

Under the new framework, positions must be covered by a Danish collective labour agreement, either within the private sector or public institutions. The salary threshold has been reduced to DKK 300,000 annually (approximately EUR 40,000), provided the role is covered by such an agreement.

Danish new labor law for foreigners. Foto Hasse Ferrold.

To participate in the scheme, employers must be certified by the Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (SIRI). The system also includes new measures to prevent labour exploitation and ensure orderly recruitment. These include compulsory ID cards for workers on large construction sites and enhanced monitoring of work conditions.

The new agreement replaces previous transitional schemes and forms part of Denmark’s ongoing efforts to balance labour market needs with protections against social dumping. It is expected to be implemented in coordination with employers’ associations and trade unions, maintaining Denmark’s labour market model.

Africa Day at UN City

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Africa Day at UN City

June 2025, UN City, Copenhagen

In commemoration of the 62nd anniversary of the founding of the Organization of African Unity (now the African Union) in 1963, the Group of African Ambassadors accredited to the Kingdom of Denmark hosted a successful and well-attended Africa Day reception at UN City in Copenhagen. The 2025 African Union theme, “Justice for Africans and People of African Descent Through Reparations,” guided the spirit of the event.

H.E. Mr. Mohamed Karim Fouad Sherif, Ambassador of Egypt. Photo Hasse Ferrold.

The celebration brought together diplomats, Danish officials, UN representatives, and members of civil society. Notable speakers included:

Her Excellency the Ambassador of South Africa, H.E. Ms. Fikile Sylvia Magubane who represented the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps H.E. Ms. Mina Marie Baldé Laurent, Ambassador of Côte d’Ivoire delivered welcoming remarks.

H.E. the Ambassador of the Arab Republic of Egypt, H.E. Mr. Mohamed Karim Fouad Sherif serving as the current Chair of the African Group in Denmark, who opened the evening.

Mr. Karsten Hønge, Member of the Danish Parliament, who served as Guest of Honour and addressed the importance of Denmark-Africa partnerships.

Leila Pakkala, Director of UNICEF Supply Division. Photo Hasse Ferrold.

Ms. Leila Pakkala, Director of UNICEF Supply Division, who spoke on behalf of the ten UN resident agencies in Copenhagen. She reaffirmed the UN’s commitment to sustainable development, equity, and global cooperation with the African continent.

Photo Hasse Ferrold Africa Day 24 06 2025 UN CITY Copenhagen

Following the formal program, participants enjoyed a festive and generous African dinner, celebrating the diversity and rich culinary heritage of the continent. The evening provided a warm atmosphere for networking, cultural exchange, and reflection on Africa’s global contributions.

The reception was widely regarded as a great success, reaffirming the importance of Africa Day.

Ambassador Modi Ephraim on Dutch-Israeli Relations

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Ambassador Modi Ephraim on Dutch-Israeli Relations

Preserving Friendship Amid Changing Realities

A Conversation with the Israeli Ambassador to the Netherlands

As Israel marks 75 years of diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, H.E. Mr. Modi Ephraim, Ambassador of Israel to the Netherlands, reflects on the strength of this longstanding partnership, the challenges of the current geopolitical climate, and his vision for the future of bilateral relations. In this exclusive Diplomat Magazine interview, Ambassador Ephraim speaks about the evolving Dutch position on Israel, antisemitism in Europe, and the need for constructive diplomacy rooted in shared democratic values.

Your Excellency, you recently expressed concern in De Telegraaf that the Netherlands had made a “historic mistake” by supporting a European investigation into Israel’s actions in Gaza. Could you elaborate on what you meant by this, and what consequences you foresee?

“It is true that I was disappointed, given that this initiative came from a friendly country that should understand Israel’s difficult position. I cherish the longstanding and warm bilateral relations and the support we received following the atrocities of October 7. The Netherlands immediately spoke out in support of Israel and did a lot to help the return of hostages from Gaza.”

You also remarked that the Netherlands has shifted from a discreet diplomatic partner to one that is more publicly critical. How has this change affected bilateral cooperation in areas such as security, innovation, and trade?

“The Netherlands and Israel have longstanding and warm ties, and this is reflected in the various forms of bilateral cooperation. I had the pleasure of welcoming several delegations from Israel, and several Dutch delegations have visited Israel as well. There are so many fields where the bilateral relations have a huge potential, including medical appliances, agro-tech, hydrogen and food security.”

Now that the previous Dutch government is no longer in office and a new coalition is forming, do you foresee an opportunity for Dutch-Israeli relations to reset or improve? What would you like to see from the new leadership?

“This year we marked 75 years of de jure recognition of Israel by the Netherlands. For more than 75 years, we have enjoyed the fruits of the warm friendship between our two countries. The support was also reflected when we organized an October 7 commemoration in Amsterdam, which Prime Minister Dick Schoof participated in.”

The Impact of Language and Rhetoric

The conflict in Gaza continues to generate strong opinions internationally. Some Dutch officials, including the mayor of Amsterdam, have used terms like “genocide” to describe Israel’s actions. You responded publicly to these comments—could you clarify how such rhetoric affects diplomatic engagement and perceptions of Israel?

“What we see is that such baseless rhetoric affects society. There is an unprecedented rise in antisemitism, with record numbers of incidents registered. I recall last year the opening of the national Holocaust Museum. President Herzog participated in the opening by His Majesty King Willem-Alexander. The museum serves as an important tool in educating new generations about the Shoah, to ensure we will never forget. However, the opening of the museum was overshadowed and over shouted by antisemitic mobs. Obscene slogans were shouted during the opening ceremony at participants. Children and Holocaust survivors had to endure insults and threats while authorities did nothing. Since then, the hate has only grown bolder. Fueled by inaction, it festers. Jewish students no longer feel safe on university campuses now dominated by hate-filled activists. Religious symbols are hidden out of fear. And in November, when we commemorated Kristallnacht, a pogrom unfolded on the streets of Amsterdam.”

Remembering October 7

What message would you like to convey to the Dutch public who may be critical of Israel’s military operations in Gaza, particularly in light of humanitarian concerns?

“They should not forget how this war started. Israel did not choose this war. On October 7, Israel was attacked by barbarian terrorists who raped, tortured and burned people. More than 1200 people were killed on that day. Hundreds of hostages were taken into the tunnels of Gaza, and to this day tens of hostages are held captive under unimaginable circumstances. We cannot rest until all the hostages are back home. Israel wants peace, as is shown by the success of the Abraham Accords in the region.”

As ambassador in the legal capital of the world, how do you balance Israel’s rejection of ICC jurisdiction with The Hague’s deep identification with international justice?

“There should be no manipulation in order to politicize the courts. If this is allowed, it will be a problem for the entire world, not only for Israel.”

Looking ahead, what are your diplomatic priorities for strengthening Israeli–Dutch relations in the next year? Are there new areas of collaboration you are seeking to promote despite recent political tensions?

“As mentioned before, there are various areas of collaboration that have potential for benefit for both Israel and the Netherlands. This also includes renewable energy and crisis management, as we saw during the COVID pandemic. I hope to soon see the resumption of more flights between the two countries to promote tourism both ways.”

Standing with the Jewish Community

With growing concerns about antisemitism in Europe, including in the Netherlands, what role do you see for your embassy in addressing the safety and inclusion of Jewish communities here?

“I consider myself not only ambassador of Israel, but also ambassador for the Jewish people. From the first day of my mission here, I have made it a priority to connect and work with the Jewish community. They serve as a bridge between our two countries. It is important that anyone and everyone can be themselves without fear. It is paramount that clear action is taken against any form of antisemitism. The Jewish community has a long and rich history in this beautiful country.”

What do you believe is most misunderstood about Israel’s position or actions in this current conflict, and how can diplomacy help bridge that gap in understanding?

“The Netherlands is a different environment, and this creates misunderstanding about the reality Israel finds itself in. The State of Israel is committed to the safety and security of its citizens. Our fight is not against the Palestinians, but against Hamas. Israel has to defend itself. We can never allow another October 7 to happen again.”

Demographic Shifts and Policy Challenges

The Netherlands has traditionally been a close partner of Israel and played a mediating role in the region, partly rooted in its historical responsibility after the Holocaust, in which over 100,000 Dutch Jews perished. However, the country’s demographics have changed significantly in recent decades, with a growing Muslim population that is more vocal in domestic and foreign policy debates. How do you perceive this shift affecting the Netherlands’ position towards Israel and the broader Middle East? And how should this be balanced with its historical relationship with the Jewish community and the State of Israel?

“It is important that decisions that are made by the Dutch government, are made in the interest of the Netherlands. It cannot be that radical minorities force changes in policy by praising Hamas. Israel and the Netherlands share the values of democracy. I am confident that the longstanding relations will continue to grow.”

At Diplomat Magazine, we thank H.E. Mr. Modi Ephraim for his time and openness in answering our questions. We remain a neutral platform and are not responsible for the content of ambassadorial statements. Our goal is to support open dialogue and thoughtful diplomacy by providing space for the voices of those who represent their nations in The Hague.

Cameroon National Unity Day 2025

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Cameroon National Unity Day 2025

Theme: “Defence Forces and Cameroonian people in harmony to safeguard peace and national unity, bedrock of a strong and prosperous Cameroon”.

Cocktail on the Occasion of the 53rd Cameroon National Day Celebration in The Hague, Kurhaus Hotel, on May 23, 2025. Many fellow ambassadors along with senior officials of the Netherlands, International representatives, friends of Cameroon and members of the Cameroonian diaspora in the Netherlands and beyond. A  delightfully flamboyant atmosphere reigned in the Pronk Hall of the Kurhaus.

Ambassador H.E. Ms. Madeleine Liguemoh Ondoua delivered her welcome address:

“ On May 20, We commemorate the decision by referendum to make Unity the cornerstone of the Cameroonian Nation consecrated by the Unitary State. Unity in diversity and in peace, geared towards achieving a Great Nation, under the motto: “Peace, Work and Fatherland”. Thus, the theme chosen this year, ‘Army and Nation, united for a Cameroon turned towards peace and prosperity’, reflects the appeal of the Head of State, His Excellency Paul Biya.

Cameroon and the Netherlands enjoy long-standing relations based on mutual respect, technical cooperation, economic exchanges and cultural diplomacy. This cooperation was recently strengthened by the signing of MoUs:

  • With the FANEC/NAFTEC/NFS Consortium structure and the Cameroon Chamber of Agriculture, Fisheries, Livestock and Forestry,
  • between Cameroon’s Ministry of Water and Energy and the Dutch partners in the MINKOUMA hydroelectric project;
  • between the Dutch company African Construction and the municipalities of Cameroon, to rehabilitate certain roads.

Other highlights include last September’s visit by the ING bank to Cameroon and the announcement of funding for numerous projects in the agricultural sector, as well as the increase in the number of missions by Dutch equipment manufacturers to Cameroon over the last two years.

In addition, trade relations with the Netherlands have been consolidated, with the Netherlands now ranked Cameroon’s 1ᵉʳ trading partner since 2023 and one of the main destinations for products such as cocoa powder, cocoa paste and oils.

At the multilateral level, Cameroon has a stronger presence in multilateral organization based in the Netherlands, with which it pursues its constructive engagement.  ,

Ambassador Liguemoh Ondoua with friends of Cameroon.

This evening’s ceremony brings to a close a week of intense activities organised alongside the celebration of the 53rd edition of the National Day, focusing on sport, culture and innovation including:

  • a Mass of thanksgiving for Cameroon;
  • a football tournament involving eleven teams from the Diplomatic Corps, the Dutch and Cameroonian communities. The Moroccan team won the tournament. The tournament was accompanied by an exhibition of works of art and a cultural event
  • an international film festival, a major innovation of this year’s event in the Netherlands, which was only possible, thanks to a fruitful partnership with the International Institute of Social Studies.

This first edition of the International Film Festival ended with the signing of a Declaration of Intent between Cameroonian and Dutch cultural players on 22 May 2025.

At this point, I would like to express my deep gratitude to the dynamic team of staff at the Embassy and to all the people and partners who made this week such a success. Without being exhaustive, we salute the contribution of:

  • The Autonomous Port of Douala ;
  • CIMPOR .
  • COCOA VALLEY;
  • UTAMTSI ;
  • WHAT WATER ;
  • Des Senteurs & du Goût ;
  • ICON Production ;
  • International Institute of Social Studies ;
  • Le Festival International du Film Panafricain ;
  • L’Alliance Française ;
  • The City Council of The Hague;
  • The City Council of Wassenaar,
  • The NGOs  GREAT The Hague and STEK Den Haag ;
  • MBOARTS ;
  • DONATELA CREATIONS

Before closing my remarks, I would like to share a few words with our compatriots. Ladies and Gentlemen of the Cameroonian Community,

Your dynamism in your professional and personal occupations makes you Ambassadors for Cameroon on a daily basis. Under the leadership of the President of the Republic, Paul Biya, and its institutions, our country is resolutely committed to development and progress. Progress that is naturally strewn with trials that we will undoubtedly overcome, thanks to our unity in diversity, the sense of common belonging, and our sincere commitment.

This unity and commitment make us say that << Impossible is not Cameroonian >>. Therefore, let us never lose sight of the need to remain united and work together respectfully to strengthen national unity.

Before proceeding with the pleasant ritual of raising a toast in honor of the friendly relations between the Republic of Cameroon and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, I would like to hand over an honorary distinction awarded by the President of the Republic to a Brilliant compatriot.

Monsieur Guy Andela, au nom du Président de la République et en vertu des pouvoirs qui nous sont conférés, nous vous faisons Chevalier de l’ordre de la Valeur.

Finally, I ask you to raise your glasses for unity, peace, the prosperity of Cameroon, and the fortification of relations between the Netherlands and Cameroon.”

The rich and diverse gastronomy of Cameroon was confidently showcased to the guests, perfectly complemented by the vibrant rhythms of Cameroonian music. The presence of colorfully dressed Cameroonian women invigorated the festive atmosphere, ensuring the evening was an unforgettable experience. Attendees enthusiastically praised and appreciated this remarkable event.

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