Armes chimiques” à Douma (Syrie) et OIAC: à propos d´une récente déclaration conjointe

Par Dr. Nicolas Boeglin.
La Russie a organisé à La Haye le 26 avril dernier, au sein de l´OIAC (Organisation pour l´Interdiction des Armes Chimiques), une réunion afin d´écouter le témoignage de plusieurs personnes sur la prétendue attaque chimique de Douma par les forces armées syriennes (voir note parue dans Le Figaro). Les Etats-Unis, la France et le Royaume-Uni ainsi que 14 autres Etats Membres de l´OIAC ont circulé le même jour une déclaration conjointe. Celle-ci dénonce l´initiative russe en des termes inusités et sera l´objet de quelques réflexions dans les lignes qui suivent. On y lit, par exemple, que: “Aujourd’hui, la Russie a décidé d’organiser une prétendue réunion d’information au siège de l’OIAC, qui n’est rien d’autre qu’un simple exercice de propagande. Pire encore : en présentant l’information dans les locaux de l’OIAC, la Russie tente de donner la fausse impression que l’OIAC a organisé cette réunion à la demande de la Russie” (voir hyperlien officiel et texte de ladite déclaration conjointe reproduit dans son intégralité à la fin de cette note). Douma ou la certitude totale de certains face aux allégations d´usage d´armes chimiques circulant sur les réseaux sociaux Comme chacun le sait, sur le dossier syrien, les Etats-Unis, France et le Royaume-Uni sont convaincus, même en l´absence de preuves ou d´enquête in situ, de la responsabilité directe des autorités syriennes concernant l´usage d´armes chimiques lors de l´incident de Douma du 7 avril dernier. D´autres Etats par contre, attendent d´abord de voir les résultats de l´enquête qu´une équipe de l´OIAC doit mener sur le terrain. Des correspondants occidentaux comptant avec une vaste expérience sur le terrain, arrivés les premiers sur les lieux de Douma, comme Robert Fisk (The Independent, Royaume-Uni) ont décrit des choses assez différentes de celles affirmées par la France et ses deux partenaires anglosaxons (voir son article intitulé “The search for truth in the rubble of Douma – and one doctor’s doubts over the chemical attack“, disponible ici). Cette bataille entre certitude des uns, zones grises et incertitude généralisée a provoqué de sérieux remous, comme nous le verrons. Etat voisin de la Syrie, Israël fut l´un des premiers Etats à inculper directement les autorités syriennes (voir note de Haaretz). Il est bon de rappeler qu´il y a quelques années, le Quai d´Orsay en France s´était montré un peu plus prudent sur la question – complexe en Syrie – de l´imputation des faits allégués: “La difficulté à laquelle nous sommes confrontés, c’est de passer du stade de l’indice ou de l’information à celui de la preuve au sens des procédures de vérification internationale. Plus difficile encore est de passer de la preuve à l’imputabilité, c’est-à-dire à la capacité de désigner qui a utilisé de telles armes. Pour passer ainsi de l’indice à la preuve et de la preuve à l’imputabilité, la première chose à faire est d’aller vérifier sur place” (voir Point de presse, du 16 avril 2013).
Photo extraite de note de presse du New York Post intitulée “Surprise: Trump and France’s Macron may wind up allies after all” 17 Etats signataires sur 192 L´OIAC compte 192 Etats Membres (voir liste officielle): le seul Etat manquant à l´appel, et ce au plan mondial, étant Israël (voir état officiel des signatures et ratifications de la Convention portant sur l´interdiction des armes chimiques). On notera qu´aucun Etat d´Afrique, ni d´Asie, ni d´Amérique Latine n´a accepté de souscrire la déclaration conjointe du 26 avril 2018, et qu´en Europe, seuls l´Allemagne, le Danemark, l´Italie, l´Islande et les Pays-Bas ainsi que la Bulgarie, la Pologne, la République Tchèque, la Slovaquie et les trois Etats baltes ont accepté de le faire. L´Australie et le Canada complètent la liste des signataires. La déclaration conjointe est précédée, tout du moins sur le site officiel de la diplomatie francaise, par un texte citant le délégué de la France à l´OIAC usant d´un ton et d´expressions assez rares dans des communiqués officiels. Selon le délégué de la France, “cette réunion n’était qu’une mascarade sordide : « Elle ne surprend pas de la part du gouvernement syrien qui n’est pas à une obscénité près, ayant massacré et gazé son propre peuple depuis plus de 7 ans. Il devra rendre des comptes. Nous y veillerons. C’est plus étonnant de la part de la Russie qui ne peut espérer tromper personne avec une manœuvre aussi grossière. »” La prudence affichée en matière d´imputation précitée de la part du Quai d´Orsay en avril 2013 semble s´être évaporée, et ce délégué semble contredire l´affirmation de la France d´avril 2013, lorsqu´il se réfere à une période de temps de “plus de 7 ans“. On le comprendra sûrement en lisant et en relisant ce texte (placé dans son intégralité à la fin de cette note), la France (et ses alliés anglosaxons) n´est pas du tout d´accord avec la démarche entreprise par la Russie, et a jugé utile et opportun de hausser le ton, quitte à innover en matière diplomatique. On relèvera, entres bien d´autres détails, dans le texte cette déclaration conjointe l´usage du mot “témoins” entre guillemets et “témoignages” sans guillemets, en fonction de l´effet souhaité par ses rédacteurs. Une lecture minutieuse de la part de fins connaisseurs du style et des formalités qu´exigent les us et coutumes diplomatiques à La Haye devrait pouvoir aider à déceler ce qui motive un Etat (ou dans ce cas, un groupe d´Etats) à ne pas en faire usage.
Photo de la réunion tenue à La Haye sur l´incident de Douma le 26 avril 2018, extraite de l´article du journaliste Jonathan Cook, intitulé “The west closes its ears to Douma testimony”, disponible ici On se doit de remarquer que cette déclaration conjointe ne figure pas sur le site de la diplomatie allemande (voir site officiel) ni sur celui de la diplomatie danoise (voir site officiel), ni italienne (voir site officiel) ni canadienne (voir site officiel). Nous remercions par avance nos lecteurs connaisseurs de langues slaves de bien vouloir nous indiquer quels Etats d´Europe orientale ont procédé à sa diffusion, afin de mieux apprécier l´effort soutenu de divulgation mené par la France, notamment par rapport aux autres Etats signataires. Une autre remarque liée à la divulgation du texte de cette déclaration tient au fait que les références faites dans la presse de cette déclaration conjointe sont peu nombreuses, presse française inclue. Faire signer par 17 délégués en représentation de leurs Etats respectifs un texte pour ne le diffuser que sur le site de l´un deux est une démarche en soi originale. Faire en sorte que la presse ne s´y intéresse pas, renforce l´originalité précitée. Le contexte de cette déclaration conjointe Rappelons que suite aux frappes aériennes menées par les Etats-Unis, la France et le Royaume-Uni le 13 avril dernier en Syrie, divers sites et analyses ont mis en doute la responsabilité directe de la Syrie dans l´incident de Douma, et dénoncé le véritable “fiasco” de cette opération du point de vue militaire; tandis que bon nombre de juristes ont conclu leurs analyses en réaffirmant l´illégalité de ces frappes au regard du droit international et des dispositions de la Charte des Nations Unies de 1945 concernant l´emploi de la force armée. La Russie pour sa part a dénoncé le fait d´accuser les autorités syriennes sans avoir la moindre preuve sur leur responsabilité directe concernant l´usage d´armes chimiques et a trouvé quelques éléments qui prouveraient que l´incident de Douma n´est qu´un montage. 24 heures avant de lancer la frappe tripartite, le Secrétaire de la Défense nord-américain en personne avait reconnu ne compter avec aucun élément de preuve (“evidence“), si ce n´est des informations circulant sur les réseaux sociaux (“social media indicators” selon l´expression utilisée) : voir sa réponse donnée pendant sa comparution, disponible sur ce lien de twitter. Sur le plan juridique, on lit dans cette analyse des Professeurs Olivier Corten et Nabil Hajjami, intitulée “Les frappes des Etats-Unis, du Royaume-Uni et de la France en Syrie : quelles justifications juridiques ?“, que : “Cela dit, à force de multiplier les précédents dans lesquels on écarte purement et simplement le droit international au nom d’impératifs moraux ou politiques que l’on définit et interprète soi-même, la norme elle-même tend à s’estomper, si pas à disparaître.Violer le droit international sous prétexte de le défendre : un pari dangeureux Dans le texte de la déclaration conjointe, on lit que pour les 17 Etats signataires : “Obstruction, propagande, désinformation sont autant de tentatives visant à porter atteinte au cadre multilatéral“. Il s´agit d´une phrase qui devrait faire sourire de nombreux spécialistes ayant dénoncé l´action unilatérale (menée par trois Etats qui sont Membres Permanents du Conseil de Sécurité) en violation des dispositions de la Charte des Nations Unies. Concernant cette dernière, il est bon de rappeler que suite aux attentats de Paris de 2015, la France avait présenté un projet de résolution au Conseil de Sécurité omettant toute référence à la Charte. Nous avions à cette occasion indiqué que : “La France, à cet égard, avait surpris bien des observateurs en présentant, suite aux attentats de Paris, un projet de résolution au Conseil de Sécurité (voir le texte de la « blue version » diffusée aux membres du Conseil) sans aucune mention à la Charte des Nations Unies dans le dispositif du texte : une grande première pour la diplomatie française, qui mérite d’être soulignée” (voir notre note intitulée “Contre une invocation abusive de la légitime défense face au terrorisme“, publiée par Dommagescivils et disponible ici). Du point de vue politique, il est clair que les trois Etats auteurs de la frappe du 13 avril, en s’associant de la sorte (sans attendre d´avoir des éléments de preuves vérifiés et vérifiables) ont perdu le peu de crédibilité qu´ils maintenaient encore au Moyen-Orient, et plus particulièrement la France. Sur la date choisie pour lancer leur raid tripartite du 13 avril, elle coïncide avec l´arrivée en Syrie de l équipe envoyée par l´OIAC pour enquêter l´incident de Douma. Sur ce détail et quelques autres, nous renvoyons le lecteur à notre article sur les réactions officielles en Amérique Latine suite à ces frappes en Syrie, intitulé “Yo sospecho, tú sospechas, … nosotros bombardeamos”: a propósito del bombardeo realizado por Estados Unidos, Francia y Reino Unido en Siria y las reacciones oficiales suscitadas en América Latina” (texte en espagnol, disponible ici). Frappes illégales en Syrie basées sur des rapports de services secrets L´absence de preuves concernant la responsabilité de la Syrie lors des divers incidents dans lesquels l´usage de substances chimiques est allégué n´est plus un obstacle pour procéder à des frappes aériennes contre la Syrie. Ce constat s´était vérifié lors de la frappe nord-américaine d´avril 2017, réalisée de façon solitaire, et s´est confirmé le 13 avril dernier. On notera que suite au bombardement réalisé par les Etats-Unis au mois d´avril 2017, un rapport des services secrets de la France avait rejoint les conclusions de leurs homologues nord-américains (nous renvoyons à un bref article de notre part, intitulé “Armes chimiques en Syrie: à propos du rapport des services de renseignements français“, disponible ici). L’annonce officielle de “preuves irréfutables contre la Syrie” par la France a été faite quelques jours avant le premier tour des élections, le 19 avril 2107 (voir déclarations du chef de la diplomatie contenues dans cette note de presse parue dans Le Parisien). Comme indiqué, ce rapport de la France avait été précédé par un rapport des Etats-Unis : ce que l´on sait moins sur ce dernier, c´est qu´un expert nord-américain du MIT (Massachusetts) l´avait qualifié de “obviously false, misleading and amateurish intelligence report” (sic.)(Note 1). En guise de conclusion On se souvient qu’en septembre 2013, la France a failli déclarer la guerre à la Syrie. Le volte-face du Président Barack Obama avait obligé à revoir le dispositif militaire de la France prévu (voir note de presse intitulée “L’été où la France a presque fait la guerre en Syrie” parue en septembre 2014 dans Le Monde). On lit dans la note précitée que: “Mercredi 4 septembre, le jour du débat prévu à l’Assemblée nationale, François Hollande convoque ses principaux ministres et collaborateurs pour un conseil restreint, à 11 h 30, à l’Elysée. « Le président insiste sur la nécessité d’apporter des informations d’origine françaises pour valider un argumentaire en quatre points, raconte un témoin : c’est une attaque chimique, massive, contre des civils, orchestrée par le régime de Bachar Al-Assad ». Il faut remercier Le Monde de tenir aussi bien informés ses lecteurs, et noter que l´argumentaire sollicité par le Président Hollande rappelle une idée provenant cette fois de son homologue, le Président Obama (Note 2). La déclaration conjointe du 26 avril 2018 semble confirmer que, presque cinq ans plus tard, la France maintient toujours la même stratégie en Syrie et qu´elle a trouvé un partenaire aux Etats-Unis disposé à l´accompagner, rapports des services secrets aidant. Toute tentative afin de démontrer autre chose que la responsabilité directe des autorités syriennes, est malvenue et doit être combattue: le concours d´autres Etats est plus que bienvenu pour y parvenir. Notes: Note 1: Ce rapport des services de renseignements des Etats-Unis (voir texte complet) rédigé afin de justifier cette action militaire contre la Syrie a été analysé par un spécialiste, Theodore Postol, Professeur au MIT (Massachusets). On peut lire dans le rapport de cet expert (voir texte de son rapport intitulé “A Quick Turnaround Assessment of the White House Intelligence Report Issued on April 11, 2017 About the Nerve Agent Attack in Khan Shaykhun, Syria“) que “We again have a situation where the White House has issued an obviously false, misleading and amateurish intelligence report” (p.4). Dans un Addendum du 13 avril (voir texte), le scientifique conclut son analyse ainsi: “I therefore conclude that there needs to be a comprehensive investigation of these events that have either misled people in the White House, or worse yet, been perpetrated by people seeking to force decisions that were not justified by the cited intelligence. This is a serious matter and should not be allowed to continue“. Note 2: En 2013, quelques sites d´information (peu nombreux) se sont intéréssés à des courriels filtrés concernant un plan secret de l´Administration Obama en vue d´accuser la Syrie d´utiliser des armes chimiques afin de justifier une intervention militaire : voir l´article intitulé “U.S. ‘backed plan to launch chemical weapon attack on Syria and blame it on Assad’s regime’“, retiré du site qui l´avait publié, mais capturé par d´autre sites comme par exemple celui-ci. ——– Ci-contre est reproduit le texte de la déclaration conjointe en date du 26 avril 2018, ainsi que les déclarations de la porte-parole du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères de la Russie (voir hyperlien officiel) intitulée “French Foreign Ministry’s allegations of Russia’s “information manipulation” regarding the alleged chemical incident in Douma“. Syrie / Attaques chimiques à Douma (7 avril) : Déclaration conjointe de la France et 16 autres pays membres de l’OIAC (26.04.2018)Le 26 avril, la Russie a décidé la tenue d’une prétendue réunion « d’information » au siège de l’OIAC (La Haye) mettant en scène des « témoins » syriens. La France et 16 autres pays membres de l’OIAC ont dénoncé cet exercice de propagande dans une déclaration (lire ci-dessous). Comme l’a affirmé le représentant de la France auprès de l’OIAC, M. Philippe Lalliot, cette réunion n’était qu’une mascarade sordide : « Elle ne surprend pas de la part du gouvernement syrien qui n’est pas à une obscénité près, ayant massacré et gazé son propre peuple depuis plus de 7 ans. Il devra rendre des comptes. Nous y veillerons. C’est plus étonnant de la part de la Russie qui ne peut espérer tromper personne avec une manœuvre aussi grossière. » La France et ses partenaires rappellent leur plein soutien à l’enquête menée par l’OIAC en dépit de toutes les tentatives de propagande et d’obstructions. Déclaration conjointe de l’Allemagne, l’Australie, la Bulgarie, le Canada, le Danemark, l’Estonie, des Etats-Unis d’Amérique, de la France, l’Islande, l’Italie, la Lettonie, la Lituanie, des Pays-Bas, de la Pologne, la République tchèque, du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord et de la Slovaquie Les enquêteurs de l’OIAC sont en Syrie depuis deux semaines. Ils effectuent leur travail dans des conditions très difficiles. Nous leur apportons notre soutien plein et entier. Au lieu de collaborer avec l’OIAC pour l’aider dans son enquête, la Syrie et la Russie n’ont cessé de dresser des obstacles dans le but de retarder son déploiement à Douma et de mener une campagne de propagande contre elle. l’Allemagne, l’Australie, la Bulgarie, le Canada, la République tchèque, le Danemark, l’Estonie, les Etats-Unis d’Amérique, la France, l’Islande, l’Italie, la Lettonie, la Lituanie, les Pays-Bas, la Pologne, le Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord et la Slovaquie, pays signataires de la présente déclaration conjointe et Etats Parties à la Convention sur l’interdiction des armes chimiques (CIAC), entendent attirer l’attention sur cette intolérable campagne de diffamation menée par la Russie contre l’OIAC et appeler à y mettre un terme. Aujourd’hui, la Russie a décidé d’organiser une prétendue réunion d’information au siège de l’OIAC, qui n’est rien d’autre qu’un simple exercice de propagande. Pire encore : en présentant l’information dans les locaux de l’OIAC, la Russie tente de donner la fausse impression que l’OIAC a organisé cette réunion à la demande de la Russie. Rien n’est moins vrai. Le Directeur général de l’OIAC a tenu sans ambiguïté à se dissocier de cette réunion. Il a fait savoir à la Russie que cette réunion, au cours de laquelle des « témoins » prétendront avoir été engagés pour simuler une attaque à l’arme chimique, va à l’encontre du travail que les inspecteurs de l’OIAC sont en train d’effectuer en Syrie et que, si ces « témoins » détiennent des informations utiles sur l’incident, ils doivent en premier lieu être présentés aux enquêteurs de la FFM (Mission d’établissement des Faits) pour être interrogés. L’authenticité des informations recueillies à ce jour concernant les attaques chimiques perpétrées à Douma le 7 avril, grâce à de nombreux témoignages, est incontestable. Des ONG médicales ont trouvé des traces d’agents chimiques sur les victimes. De nombreuses photos et vidéos, qui se corroborent mutuellement, ont été authentifiées. Les symptômes présentés le jour de l’attaque par plus de 500 patients accueillis dans les centres médicaux évoquaient indubitablement une intoxication au gaz. L’OMS a exprimé son inquiétude devant des rapports de ses partenaires sur l’état de patients présentant des signes et symptômes révélateurs d’une exposition à des substances chimiques toxiques. Nous attendons que ces informations soient vérifiées et confirmées par un examen indépendant de la FFM. Obstruction, propagande, désinformation sont autant de tentatives visant à porter atteinte au cadre multilatéral. Nous exhortons la Russie à coopérer pleinement avec l’OIAC, comme elle a affirmé à maintes reprises vouloir le faire et comme ses engagements internationaux l’y obligent. Nous appelons également la Russie à exercer la responsabilité qui lui incombe d’exhorter la Syrie à respecter pleinement ses engagements au titre de la CIAC. Nous réaffirmons notre plein soutien au Directeur général de l’OIAC et au Secrétariat technique et exprimons notre entière confiance dans le travail de l’OIAC.” French Foreign Ministry’s allegations of Russia’s “information manipulation” regarding the alleged chemical incident in Douma We have noted French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian’s statements accusing Russia of “permanent manipulation” regarding the alleged chemical incident in the Syrian city of Douma. The French side claims that Russia is spreading videos with children while “45 people lost their lives.” However, the facts are completely different. The materials presented by the Russia side (unlike those you, Mr Le Drian, relied on in Paris as you were taking the decision to join the US punitive action) feature real witnesses of the events in Douma. As we all know, witnesses have already arrived at the OPCW in The Hague so as to give first-hand testimony to the representatives of the Convention states parties. These are not some video clips and materials from social networks and blogs, some of them anonymous, that you, Mr Le Drian, distribute as evidence of the need to launch strikes at the capital of a sovereign nation. People in person came to The Hague and will speak, they will tell what they experienced, how fake videos are shot and how the roles are distributed. It’s going to be interesting. It has proved impossible so far to find the victims or injured people that French Foreign Minster Le Drian spoke about, or even traces of the alleged use of chemical weapons. You will agree that the difference in the evidence base is obvious. It is not improbable that French Foreign Minister Le Drian’s emotional interview was triggered by the weakened positions of the advocates of the illegal aggression against Syria. Could that be the case? Representatives of the French political parties doubt the credibility of the video and photo materials that were used to fabricate accusations against the Syrian authorities. During the parliamentary debates on April 16, they said there was no solid proof of the fact that the Bashar al-Assad regime had used chemical weapons in Douma, whereas some MPs directly pointed to the staged nature of the incident. I would like to say to our French colleagues that 15 years ago France managed to evade the trap set by Washington as it spoke of Iraq’s chemical weapons. What has happened to France over the period of the last 15 years?”
——-
Nicolas Boeglin, Professeur de Droit International Public. Faculté de Droit. Université du Costa Rica (UCR)

Revealing the Invisible at Gallery Dreschler

Picture by Ruinart.

26-30 April 2018, Berlin, Gallery Dreschler, Auguststrasse 61, Berlin, Germany: Remarkable Galerie Dreschler in cooperation with Ruinart et l’Art organised an artistic weekend featuring the Chinese Ruinart artist of the year Liu Bolin presented in dialogue with Holger Bär and Deborah Sengl, both artists represented by Gallery Dreschler.

This extraordinary exhibition which displays œuvres by  Liu Bolin, Holger Bär and Deborah Sengl is dedicated to the themes of camouflage and encryption, with each one of these artists approaching the topic in a very unique and original manner. In the case of Lui Bolin the artist—alone or with other figures—vanishes visually into the background by being painted in such a way that he seamlessly merges with it and can frequently only be made out upon closer inspection. Liu’s latest project are a series of images created during his stay in Rheims, France, in August 2017 and conceived specifically for Ruinart. The latter oldest champagne house worldwide has supports financially several artistic endeavours and annually one artist.
Liu Bolin – Picture by Henri Estramant.
For further information: Artist Liu Bolin, art statement for Ruinart: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViVYm2Iab9U Ruinart et L’Art: https://www.ruinart.com/en-us/art/artistic-collaborations Gallery Dreschler: http://www.deschler-berlin.de

The Latin American Table at Nieuwe of Littéraire Sociëteit De Witte

On the picture, Front row: Mr. Gregorio Palacios Minister Counsellor Embassy of El Salvador, Mrs. Claudia de Leon Aguirre Embassy of Guatemala, Mrs. Ioana Papadak Consul Embassy of Cyprus, Mr. Alonso Mojica Embassy of Mexico, Dr. Olaf Brugman, Mrs. Vilma Machado, H.E.  Mr. Agustin Vasquez Gomez Ambassador of El Salvador, H.E. Judge Sanji Monageng  ICC, President of the Latin American Table Mrs. Sonia De Meijer, Mrs. Ljoedmila van Vyve, Ms. Aura Z-Ehrenberg, H.E Mrs. Soraya Alvarez Ambassador of Cuba, H.E. Mr. Fernando Buchelli Ambassador of Ecuador, Mr. Anton Lutter, Mrs. Barbara Couwenbergh. Back Row: Mr. Lucas Otero Embassy of Peru, Mrs. Azucena Mancia Vice- Consul Embassy of El Salvador, Mr. Luis Otavio Ortigão Embassy of Brazil, Mr. Alfonso Mojica Embassy of Mexico, H.E. Mr.  Magzhan ILyassov Ambassador of Kazakhstan, Mr. Jaime Bakker (speaker), Mr. Alvaro Enrique Sanchez Cordero Chargé d’affaires Embassy of Venezuela, Mr. Thomas Friis Konst, H.E. Ms. MariaTeresa De Jesus Infante Caffi Ambassador of Chile, Mr. Jorge Colombo Vice- President of the Latin American Table, Mr. Albert Kuijper, Mrs Maria Jose Montana Embassy of Colombia, Mr. Jan Vroon, Mr. Mike Mcaward, Mrs.  Andrea de Benedett, Mr. Alejandro de Benedett, , Mrs. Edith Bergansius and Mr. Robert Sozzi.   The organising committee of the Latin American Table at Nieuwe of Littéraire Sociëteit De Witte consisting of Ms. Sonia de Meijer (chair) and Mr. Jorge E. Colombo Taricco (vice-chair), invited friends and interested persons to a lecture by Mr.  Jaime Bakker, Project manager of the Dutch Chamber of Commerce. The attendees included some ambassadors, diplomats, trade representatives, business contacts, members of Sociëteit De Witte and special guests. All those who attended very much appreciated the enlightening lecture. The presentation was followed by a question and answer session. The lecture focused on the idea that export to the EU seems simple in theory. The EU, after all, is one common market, whose transparent regulations aim to establish it as a market without borders. However, while unified in principle, the EU is comprised of many different cultures, languages, and levies varying taxes. Therefore, it is important to prepare when planning to enter this market. Foremost, Mr. Bakker recommends getting to know a potential trade partner on a personal level. This helps facilitate a structural relationship that will be beneficial in the long-term. Further, it is important to study the market in order to ensure mutually-beneficial cooperation. These points were summarized via three questions Mr. Bakker deemed critical when engaging within trade in the EU. First, how can I expand my exports and imports? Second, what opportunities exist in foreign markets? Lastly, how can I reach foreign markets?. Upcoming activities in Latin America by the Dutch Chamber of Commerce are:
  • Incoming Trade Missions
  • Road to Latin America
  • Road to Central America
  • Promoting business events
  • Enterprise Europe Network (offices inArgentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru)
  • Cooperation with Netherlands Enterprise Agency
  • CCI  International
The lecture was followed by an exquisite dinner party in the main restaurant. Special thanks to Ms. de Meijer and Mr. Taricco for organizing, and Mr. Bakker for the engaging lecture.    

US Ambassador to Germany approved

0
On the picture Richard Grenell and Mike Pompeo, US Secretary of State – Picture by US Department of State. Thursday, 26 April 2018, Washington D.C., USA: American businessman and erstwhile longest serving US spokesperson at the United Nations representation in New York, Richard Grenell, was confirmed by the Senate to become the nation’s head of mission to the Federal Republic of Germany, currently being led by Chargé d’Affaires, Minister Counsellor Kent Logsdon. Ambassador-designate Grenell had already been nominated by President Donald Trump in September 2017 yet his confirmation process stalled for a few months. Also the video should stay to tune in at 47:09 to watch:   Albeit a political appointee, Mr Grenell has a plethora of diplomatic experience having served between 2001 and 2008 as Director of Communications and Public Diplomacy at the USA Permanent Representation to the UN and the Security Council based in New York. All in all through four different ambassadors to the UN. In 2009 he founded the communications consultancy firm Capitol Media Partners. For further information:  US Embassy to Germany: https://de.usembassy.gov https://www.capitolmediapartners.co    

Sweden, partner country at Hannover Fair 2019

0
Per Thöresson and Dr. Armin Laschet. Picture by Land NRW, G. Ortmann. Tuesday, 17 April 2018, Düsseldorf: Sweden’s Ambassador to Germany, H.E. Per Thöresson, paid a maiden visit to the Primer of North Rhine-Westphalia, Dr. Armin Laschet at Government House. Ambassador Thöresson was in NRW after opening the exhibit “Woodland Sweden – Bauen mit Holz/Building with wood” at the city of Essen the previous day. Ambassador Thöresson was accredited to Germany on 9 March 2018, having formerly served as Swedish Permanent Representative to the UN in New York City. One week later Ambassador Thöresson was in Hannover, capital of Lower Saxony, to witness the signing of the agreement officially making the Kingdom of Sweden as the partner country for the Hannover Fair 2019. Collaboration, innovation and digital transformation shall be at the heart of Sweden’s partner country showcase in 2019.
Signing ceremony for Sweden partnership 2019 Picture by Hannovermesse.
Every year, a different partner country is honored at HANNOVER MESSE. In its partner country role, Sweden is taking over from Mexico as the nation featured in 2018. A long tradition of business savoir-faire, and high levels of education coupled with supportive government policies have made the country home to a vibrant start-up community and to some highly reputable, much-known brands in the world, including Volvo, Electrolux, Ericsson, IKEA and H&M. In 2018, Forbes listed Sweden as the world’s best country for doing business and the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index ranked Sweden as the most competitive economy  worldwide. For further information: http://swedenhannovermesse.com/?lang=en http://www.hannovermesse.de/en/register-plan/for-journalists/press-services/press-releases/pressreleases-deutsche-messe/collaboration-and-innovation-in-focus-when-sweden-is-partner-country.xhtml https://www.swedenabroad.se/globalassets/ambassader/tyskland-berlin/documents/pressemitteilung-hannover-messe_schweden-partnerland-2019.pdf

August Wittgenstein, Montblanc Brand Ambassador

Munich, Germany  –  August Wittgenstein during the Montblanc de la Culture Arts  Patronage Award at Residenz on April 26, 2018 in Munich, Germany. (Photo by Gisela Schober/Getty Images for Montblanc). April 2018, Hanseatic and Free City of Hamburg: Montblanc has announced that German-Swedish actor August Wittgenstein is new Brand Ambassador for the luxury house in Germany. August Wittgenstein (né 1981) is the son of Prince Ludwig Ferdinand zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Countess Yvonne Wachtmeister af Johannishus. His cousin Lilly Wittgenstein is international Brand Ambassador for Bvlgari.
MUNICH, GERMANY – APRIL 26: Oliver Goessler, Managing Director Montblanc Deutschland, Lena Gercke and August Wittgenstein during the Montblanc de la Culture Arts Patronage Award at Residenz on April 26, 2018 in Munich, Germany. (Photo by Gisela Schober/Getty Images for Montblanc)
Wittgenstein studied History and Theatre at the School of Foreign Service of Georgetown University as well as further studies at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York. He began his filming career in 2009 with a role in Ron Howards “Illuminati”. Since 2011 he calls Berlin his home, and there has been filming lately for the successful ZDF series “Ku’damm 56″ in a main role as lawyer Wolfgang von Boost. From the autumn 2018 Wittgenstein shall be a main character in the series “Das Boot”. He also films abroad for the Swedish series “Hidden”. For further information: http://www.montblanc.com/en/home.html https://www.welt.de/vermischtes/article153419714/Der-schoenste-Schauspieler-Deutschlands-heisst-August.html

Alireza Jahangiri and the Iran nuclear deal

H. E. Alireza Jahangiri, Ambassador of Iran. The Ambassador of H.E. Dr.  Alireza Jahangiri, met once again with the media in a press meeting breakfast at his residency. Early in the morning and before the start his agenda of the day he asked several journalists on their opinion of the Iran nuclear deal and the recent view of the United States on it. With this, he began the conversation one of the most important subjects of contemporary politics, namely the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). This nuclear deal, according to Jahangiri, is a great achievement in the international arena as it can be viewed as a triumph of diplomacy over confrontation. Therefore, the deal should be maintained by all means. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has confirmed Iran’s commitment to JCPOA over ten times, therefore indicating that Iran is fulfilling all the required obligations. However, as stated by the Ambassador, “the government of the United States has wrong interpretations on the deal, as it regards it as an economic deal rather than a non-proliferation tool. Therefore, it is rather about security vs. insecurity instead of access to markets. With this increasing hostility and uncertainty from the side of the United States of America, skepticism about the continuity of America’s participation in the agreement is heightened.” Nevertheless, the main concern for Iran is cautioning European countries against wavering on issues that go beyond of the scope of the nuclear agreement. For history not to repeat itself, it is imperative that Europe helps Iran to ensure that the agreement will be maintained. Before the talks that lead to the 2015 nuclear deal, Iran already negotiated with Britain, France and Germany, who then persuaded the American president at the time, George W. Bush, to give diplomacy a chance. As a return, Iran was asked to temporarily freeze on uranium-enrichment-related activities to establish confidence. “Two years after negotiation, European states, under pressure from the US, were demanding that Iran should abandon all enrichment activities. Following this, the negotiation talks fell apart without any result. Following sporadic talks, in 2013, negotiations began once again, this time directly with the United States. The point on ending uranium enrichment within Iranian soil was not mentioned anymore, therefore also leading to successful negotiations. The nuclear deal that was established out of this created a good opportunity for cooperation between European states and Iran. “ According to Jahangiri, Europe should not pander to Washington’s determination to focus the shift on what he considers to be an unnecessary crisis as this will only bring back dynamics of mistrust and insecurities. The Islamic Republic of Iran considers any non-nuclear sanctions against itself to only further complicate the situation, therefore also having a detrimental impact on the JCPOA. In fact, Iran is preparing for a worst case scenario in which the nuclear deal would fail. This clearly illustrates that Iran not under all circumstances will remain committed. Iran’s military capabilities are entirely defensive, as stated by the Ambassador, which stems from sober geostrategic calculations as well as moral and religious convictions. This position is further based on the historical experience by Iran. “Through the Iran-Iraq war, Saddam Hussein rained Soviet-made missiles on the cities, on which the world not only kept silent on but then would also not enable Iran to buy weapons in order to deter the aggressor at the time. Because of this, Iran believes that missiles are an effective means of deterrence and the focus on precision rather than range has opened up the possibility for striking back with pinpoint accuracy. No administration of Iran will leave its people defend less, a crucial point European states and the international community should realize. Important stakeholders in the region and internationally remain reluctant to hold the arsonist to account in the conflicts within the region.” “Dr. Mohammad Javad Zafir, the Foreign Minister of Iran, presented a proposal in 2015 for a regional dialogue forum in order to bring Iran and its neighbors together to work towards peace. This is making Iran hopeful that stakeholders outside the region of the Middle East will focus their efforts on urging their allies to propose such peace. Iran hopes that such dialogue can be the beginning of a good start towards peaceful times.” ———————— Photography by G.N.S. NL.          

Women in Innovation, Science and Industry, Italian Style

Mr. Lelio Gavazza, Country Managing Director of Bvlgari , H.E. Hon. Mrs. Ankie Broekers-Knol, President of the Senate and H.E. Mr. Andrea Perugini, Ambassador of Italy. By Andrew Gibson. On the 11th April 2018, the Ambassador of Italy, His Excellency Mr. Andrea Perugini, hosted ‘Women in Innovation, Science and Industry’ at his residence, in an event that saw him collaborate with ‘Women Leaders International’ in bringing together top Dutch officials and titans of industry from Italy and the Netherlands. The event was masterminded by H.E. Mr. Perugini himself, thus continuing his country’s tradition of promoting women in power, as he explained in his speech how according to the 2017 Gender Equality Index, that over the last 10 years Italy is the European Country that has achieved the widest improvements on gender equality indicators, with Italy’s score increasing by 13 points (against 4,2 as the European average) as a consequence of the so called Golfo-Mosca Law, dating from 2011, that required as of 2012 the composition of corporate boards to comprise at least 1/5 of women and from 2015 1/3 of women, and which managed to raise the amount of women in boards of directors to 29% in 2016 compared to 6% in 2011.
H.E. Andrea Perugini, Ambassador of Italy.
Among many high-profile attendees was Mrs. Ankie Broekers-Knol, incumbent of the office of President of the Senate of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 2013, who gave opening remarks on the day and Mrs Marian Hammersma, Secretary General at the Ministry of Education and Science. The guests were also treated to an inspiring video message from Mrs. Stientje van Veidhoven, State Secretary for Infrastructure and Water Management, who was unable to attend due to an official visit to China. During H.E. Mr. Andrea Perugini’s speech, he shrewdly referred to the remarks of the President of the Italian Foundation Marisa Bellisario: “women in Italy are sitting at the table, but they are still not dealing the cards.” In making this reference, the Ambassador demonstrated his appreciative reflectance upon the great steps forward that have been taken within Italy to improve gender equality at the top level, whilst acknowledging that the road to full equality still has a distance left to be travelled.
Mrs. Ilona Haaijer, Former President & CEO DSM Food; Specialties, Supervisory Board member Royal Boskalis N.V.; Mrs. Gerda de Munck, President Women Leaders International, H.E. Andrea Perugini, Mrs. Marian Hammersma, Secretary General at the Ministry of Education and Science; Mrs. Ankie Broekers-Knol President of the Senate, Mrs. Cindy Gerhardt, Chief Operating Officer, Dutch State Mines Biotechnology Center,; Mr. Carla Signorini, Head of Electrical Engineering department ESA Space Research and Technology Center in the Netherlands; Mrs. Luigia Pace, Research Biologist, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine in Turin, Italy; Mrs. Dace Luters-Thummel, Secretary General, European Women Lawyers Association and Mrs. Aura Colnaghi Calissoni, President of Carvico Group.
The President of Women Leaders International (WLI), Mrs. Gerda de Munck, also gave an empowering speech on the day. During her speech, Mrs. de Munck emphasised the importance of strengthening ties between women from all cultures and backgrounds in order to improve conditions for women at the top levels of government, industry, institutions and organisations worldwide.
Mrs. Cindy Gerhardt, Chief Operating Officer, Dutch State Mines Biotechnology Center.
Mrs. de Munck also explained the need for organisations such as WLI to promote women with ambition and to make them more visible, additionally stating that “WLI wishes to be a network of concrete relationships, aimed at building a climate of awareness able to influence economic, social and cultural spheres, with a view to having a voice in the public halls of power and drive the indispensable changes still needed in the position of women.” In the inspiring video message sent by Mrs. Stientje van Veldhoven, she spoke of her work as State Secretary for Infrastructure and Waste Management, working as part of a three-woman team to bring about positive change in areas such as recycling. During her message she commented that “the percentage of women in leading positions is inching upwards, but at a snail’s pace”, and that “the glass ceiling…is unfortunately still firmly in place”, before pointing to the various achievements of women in the field she now operates within, such as the two women who created the world’s first house heated by solar power. Mrs. van Veldhoven closed with words of encouragement for those at the event, “we must keep hosting conferences like this…keep up the good work.”
Mrs. Ankie Broekers-Knol, Mrs. Gerda de Munck, President Women Leaders International and Mrs. Marian Hammersma, Secretary General at the Ministry of Education and Science while listening Mrs. Ilona Haaijer, Former President & CEO DSM Food Specialties, Supervisory Board member Royal Boskalis N.V.
Participating panelists were Mrs. Luigia Pace, Research Biologist, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine in Turin, Italy; Mrs. Cindy Gerhardt, Chief Operating Officer, Dutch State Mines Biotechnology Center; Mr. Carla Signorini, Head of Electrical Engineering department ESA Space Research and Technology Center in the Netherlands; Mrs. Ilona Haaijer, Former President & CEO DSM Food Specialties, Supervisory Board member Royal Boskalis N.V.; Mrs. Aura Colnaghi Calissoni, President of Carvico Group ad Mrs. Dace Luters-Thummel, Secretary General, European Women Lawyers Association. Prominent women leaders, Female Executives and ambassadors filled up the room; just a few men attended the event among them the Ambassador of Spain and next Director General of the OPCW, H.E. Fernando Arias. Mrs. Ankie Broekers-Knol, President of the Senate of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, gave an uplifting message of emphatic motivation to the guests during her speech at the event. During her talk, she made reference to numerous female role models ahead of Girlsday in the Netherlands. For example, Mrs. Broekers-Knol spoke of Italian Rita Levi-Montalcini, who was raised to become a wife and a mother, but her own passion led her to a Nobel prize. The President of the Senate concluded her speech by quoting the aforementioned Rita, “Women who have changed the world have never felt the need to show anything but their intelligence”, thus rounding off a talk which inspired all that had the pleasure of being in the audience. After the speeches, the Ambassador of Italy H.E. Mr. Andrea Perugini hosted a Question & Answer session, before inviting all guests to a Networking Buffet Dinner to conclude what was a hugely successful event in all regards. Also on display at the event was a wonderful exhibition of Bvlgari Jewellery, which attracted great interest and adoration from all, courtesy of Mr. Lelio Gavazza, Country Managing Director of Bvlgari who came from Rome for the special occasion.    

UN Women for Peace Association Annual Awards Luncheon 2018

0
On the picture, US Permanent Representative to the UN, Ambassador Nikki Haley 8 March 2018, New York City, USA, International Women Day: New York Stock Exchange welcomed the board members of the United Nations Women for Peace Association. HRH Princess Camilla of Two Sicilies rang the Opening Bell with fellow board member Dame Muna Rihani Al-Nasser as well as the President of UNWFPA, Barbara Winston. Women’s accomplishments globally were at focus at the United Nations Headquarters for the annual UN Women for Peace Association award luncheon. Actress and activist Bridget Moynihan served as master of ceremonies. Award presenters included the United States of America’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, HE Ambassador Nikki Haley and HH Sharifa Lalla Joumala Alaoui, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Morocco to the USA. In addition to honouring leading women, the award ceremony encourages support from men in order to create a more equitable society.
Sheikha Paula Al Sabah (Kuwait), Barbara Winston, President of UNWFPA, Sharifa Lalla Joumala Alaoui, Ambassador of Morocco to the USA.
Panama’s First Lady, Lorena Castillo De Varela earned the 2018 Leadership Award for her work as a Special Ambassador of UNAIDS addressing the public health affected by HIV/AIDS in Latin America and as a global spokesperson for the Zero Discrimination Movement. Sheikha Rima Al Sabah (State of Kuwait) earned the 2018 Peace Award for her charitable work for the benefit of refugees. Model and activist, Ashley Graham was awarded the 2018 Women’s Empowerment Award for her work in spreading body positivism. Eve Branson was given the 2018 Achievement Award for her work in the Atlas Mountains. Amongst other prominent guests present were Prince Carlo of Two Sicilies, The Duke of Castro with daughters Princess Maria Carolina, Duchess of Calabria and Palermo, and Princess Maria Chiara, Duchess of Capri, HE Ambassador Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser, High Representative for the Alliance of Civilizations, businesswoman and fashion designer Nicky Hilton Rothschild, patron of the arts, and HE Sheikha Paula al-Mubarak Al Sabah. For further information: https://www.unwomenforpeace.org/2018-annual-awards-luncheon/      

Ceremony of Merit for Kosovo

0
A Ceremony of Merit for the Ambassador of Kosovo, H.E. Dr Vjosa Dobruna who will be leaving the Netherlands soon. By Roy Lie Atjam. The ceremony took place at the Crown Plaza Hotel The Hague on 20 April 2018. After being highly praised by H.E. Mrs. Andrea Gustovic –Ercegovac, Ambassador of Croatia, H.E. Mr. Willys Delvalle, Ambassador of Panama showered more accolades on his colleague and friend Vjosa. Dr. Mayelinne De Lara of Diplomat Magazine presented Ambassador Vjosa Dobruna with a Certificate of Merit and a bouquet of flowers. Mr. Roy Le Atjam, Diplomat Magazine’s editor, acted as master of ceremony.
From left to right (first row) Mr. Robert Bosch, former Dutch Ambassador to Kosovo, H.E. Ms. Andrea Gustović-Ercegovac, Ambassador of Croatia and H.E. Mrs Heidemaria Gürer, Ambassador of Austria. (Second row) H.E. Mrs. Katri Viinikka, Ambassador of Finland and H.E. Mrs Ngo Thi Hoa, Ambassador of Viet Nam.
In her farewell speech Ambassador Andrea Gustovic-Ercegovac noted: “The Hague, not only the centre of power of the Netherlands, but also being one of the centers of the world diplomacy is a place where only the best are sent to serve! So it is no wonder that Vjosa was sent to this very important centre to promote her country and to uphold the values she has built throughout her life! We have gathered here today to bid farewell to our distinguished colleague and exemplary diplomat Her Excellency Dr.Vjosa Dobruna, Ambassador of the Republic of Kosovo to the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
H.E. Ms. Andrea Gustović-Ercegovac, Ambassador of Croatia.
On this occasion, I am honoured to be able to say a few words about my dear colleague and friend. Prior to joining diplomatic service, Dr. Dobruna had a dedicated career as a practicing pediatrician, a human rights advocate and a campaigner, as well as active contributor to the causes that matter, mainly dedicated to human rights and freedoms. Dear Colleagues, Dear Ambassador Dobruna, I would like to express admiration for the work and the achievements of your mandate and gratitude for the cooperation, both personal and official. It was a pleasure for all of us to have the opportunity to work with you on every occasion. I wish you all the best for your future endeavors, professionally and privately!” Ambassador Willys Delvalle, mentioned that Dr Vjosa Dobruna is a true professional of diplomacy with quite a trajectory, an incredible advocate of human rights. “I also have to say, she dresses elegantly. After presenting her Letters of Credence to HM King Willem Alexander in 2013, we have witnessed her excellent diplomatic skills. Dr Dobruna has devoted a full year working on strengthening the relations with the Latin-America region, considering this as her first diplomatic designation in the Kosovo Diplomatic service in 2012. She was as it were Ambassador at large in Latin -America. Furthermore, she has done an incredible job in The Hague, putting Kosovo on the map for many people. Ambassador Dobruna is one of those professionals who compliment all her knowledge, experience and her high-level education with a very special human quality. Several awards have been bestowed upon her, such as Edward Barsky Award for courageous physician(USA) and Medalio dell Oro(Italy). Dr. Dobruna is a persistent and committed woman since we believe this is a farewell we will only give her an “Hasta Luego” We wish our friend Vjosa every success in her new projects and adventures”
Ambassador Dobruna and H.E Mr. Willys Delvalle, Ambassador of Panama.
In her acceptance remarks Dr. Vjosa Dobruna stated: “thank you all for coming to my farewell reception. I have enjoyed so much working and living in The Hague, I even learned to treasure the weather of The Hague. It was really my privilege to serve my country in such an admirable country like The Kingdom of the Netherlands. I will always be grateful for the hospitality and friendship. As I’m going to conclude my term at the end of this month as Kosovo Ambassador after 4 years and 7 months, and I am happy to note that Kosovo relationship with Netherlands is good, and it is important to maintain and further increase that cooperation.
H.E. Ms. Sahar Ghanem, Ambassador of Yemen; H.E. Mr. Agustin Vazquez Gomez, Ambassador of El Salvador; H.E. Mrs. Adia Sakiqi, Ambassador of Albania; H.E. Ms. Andrea Gustović-Ercegovac, Ambassador of Croatia; H.E. Dr. Mr. Homoyoon Azizi, Ambassador of Afghanistan; H.E. Mrs Ngo Thi Hoa, Ambassador of Viet Nam; H.E. Mrs Heidemaria Gürer, Ambassador of Austria; H.E. Mrs. Katri Viinikka, Ambassador of Finland and H.E. Mrs Kaili Terras, Ambassador of Estonia.
People have their impression and opinions about my country and I have mine which I tried to introduce here! My country is not in the news for war and conflict, but it is for successes in different fields of life. I had spoken to many, many students in different universities and spoke to lots of media about the achievements in my country during this years, and about how much more needs to be done in the future. Only if we can convince EU to come up with common policy regarding my country and the region!. It is not only we join Europe tomorrow, but support the region in integration so we can change our countries.
The Ambassador of Kosovo and the Ambassador of Albania, H.E. Mrs. Adia Sakiqi.
  It has been pointed out that I am not a professional diplomat; I have been accused of practicing “activist diplomacy” that is what I am and will continue to be. So, please help my successor in that endeavor of integrating Kosovo in international organizations. As Ambassador, I was lucky to have been involved in several important visits in the past years. In December 2013, President of the Republic, Ms. Atifete Jahjaga visited Netherlands and was received in audience with His Majesty King Willem Alexander, PM Mark Rutte and Ankie Broekers-Knol, President of the Senate and Speaker of Tweede Kamer, Anouchka van Miltenburg.
H.E. Dr. Mr. Homoyoon Azizi, Ambassador of Afghanistan and Dr. Dobruna.
During the first visit of then President Jahjaga, the first cooperation with Diplomatic magazine started; thanks to Mayelinne De Lara, we organized Meet & Greet at Carlton Ambassador. Remember going, travelling to Koln in Germany to purchase Kosovo wine to be served next day. Thank you Diplomat Magazine, you have been a true friend and I am going to be always grateful. Cultural diplomacy was very important part of my tenure; several exhibitions are organized here, Wassenaar and in Rotterdam; a small window of getting to know my country was opened. As I will depart from The Hague to Prishtina, taking home many, many sweet memories. I will miss this beautiful country, I will miss long walk in Scheveningen and Wassenaar with my fellow diplomat friends; long, long visits to museums alone and many fast lunches and long dinners! I will not forget my friends here.”