Ukraine’s Energy Future: Mapping Opportunities and Challenges for a Sustainable and Decentralised Transition

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Ukraine’s Energy Future: Mapping Opportunities and Challenges for a Sustainable and Decentralised Transition

By Monika Bucha, LL.M. / B.Sc., Legal Affairs & Energy Law at Kelso Institute Europe

In December 2024, Russia conducted its 12th large-scale assault on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure this year, damaging transmission grids and power facilities, especially in the western border regions (BBC News, 2024) From October 2022 to April 2023, 43% of Ukraine’s main power grid was damaged (Poltavets and De Vos, 2024), leaving over a million people without electricity (Meduza, 2024). The inability to operate air conditioning in summer and heating in winter has gravely impacted the health of Ukraine’s citizens.

The decline in energy availability is stark: Before Russia’s full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022, Ukraine produced 44.1 gigawatts hours (GWh) of electricity, mainly with nuclear, thermal, and hydroelectric plants (UNHR, 2024). Winter electricity needs stood at 26 GWh. By the winter of 2023-2024, production had plummeted by over 50% to 17.8 GWh, while peak consumption dropped by almost 30% to 18.5 GWh (UNHR, 2024).

To mitigate the impact, Ukraine has received emergency from Poland, Romania and Slovakia (Polityuk, 2024). This assistance was facilitated by the synchronisation of Ukraine and Moldova’s grids with the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) (European Commission, 2024). Just two days after the initial attack on February 22, 2022, Ukrainian grid operators were able to disconnect from the Russian grid and synchronised with the European grid three weeks later (Casey, 2024). However, the commercial capacity is limited, and European electricity prices exceed those of Ukraine’s domestic market (Yulia, 2022), prompting a need to reconsider Ukraine’s energy strategy.

Ukraine heavily depends on imported oil, coal and natural gas

Before the war, Ukraine’s energy needs were met through a mix of domestic production and imports. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), Ukraine’s total energy supply in 2022 comprised coal (21.7%), nuclear (26.5%), natural gas (25.1%) and oil (18.6%). Renewables, excluding nuclear – despite their huge potential (#Renewables4ukraine, 2024) – accounted for a minor share, with the remaining 8.1% coming from hydro, geothermal, biofuels, and waste (IEA, 2024a).

In 2022, while Ukraine was self-sufficient in nuclear energy production, it relied heavily on imported oil (83%), coal (50%) and natural gas (33%). Data by the Ukraine’s State Fiscal Service indicated that in 2018, the largest share of oil was imported from Belarus (38.7%) and Russia (37.3%) (IEA, 2021). Prior to the Russian invasion in February 2022, the IEA had already highlighted the significant risk of an oil supply shortage if Russia were to disrupt the Ukrainian oil market, prompting initial steps towards energy diversification.

Decentralised energy production to secure reliability of supply

In 2024, the IEA outlined ten actions to bolster Ukraine’s energy security for the upcoming winter. Notably, action three emphasises that large energy assets are particularly susceptible to attacks, making decentralisation a strategic advantage. Accelerating the deployment of smaller-scale gas-fired combined heat and power plants, alongside solar PV and wind systems, supplemented with batteries and other storage technologies, is crucial for enhancing the resilience of the energy supply (IEA, 2024b).

Since the onset of the war, Ukraine has experienced a significant increase in the importation of diesel generators to provide backup power, with hundreds of units arriving daily from international allies and donors (Ministry of Economy of Ukraine, 2024). However, as demand has surged, generators have become both costly and environmentally detrimental. Consequently, many municipalities are opting for solar PV panels, battery systems, and heat pumps at hospitals and other critical infrastructure sites as more sustainable, cost-effective alternatives (Adbullah, 2023).

Ukraine could become a testing ground for decentralised energy production

The Ukrainian government (2023) recently declared that building a decentralized and diversified energy system—one that is more resilient against military attacks or natural disasters and can enhance energy security while facilitating the transition to renewable energy sources (RES)—will be a key priority. This initiative resonates with the public sentiment, as over 80% of Ukrainians believe in maximizing the use of RES and that distributed energy generation could significantly strengthen the nation’s energy independence (Ecoaction, 2022). While this new system is in its early days and far from formalized, with the right support it could become a testing ground and model for Europe’s energy transition.

To also promote a just and inclusive energy transition, the Civil Society Energy for Resilient Ukraine project is facilitating the formation of renewable energy communities (Citizen Energy for Ukraine, 2024). These communities are groups of citizens who collectively own and operate renewable energy projects, thereby enhancing local energy independence, reducing costs, and aiding the decarbonisation of the energy system. However, a recent report from Razom We Stand (2024) also flags that current laws fail to define “decentralised electricity generation” and do not regulate energy storage systems or small distribution systems. Simplifying access to the grid is essential for more of these secure projects, it says (Birol, 2023).

Outlook: A Green Energy Marshall Plan for Ukraine

Ukraine’s journey towards a sustainable energy future is marked by both significant challenges and substantial opportunities. The Current Prime Minister, Denys Shmyhal, and various international bodies have voiced strong support for a just transition in Ukraine’s coal regions, underpinned by inclusivity and sustainability. Notable international assistance has been provided, including aid from the EU Civil Protection Mechanism and commitments to support structural changes in the energy sector (Borell, 2024). Additionally, initiatives such as the Ukraine Energy Support Fund are dedicated to fostering territorial energy developments (Energy Community, 2024).

While there is theoretical support for a sustainable transition, a lack of investor confidence is stalling immediate progress. Following Russia’s 2022 invasion, foreign direct investment in Ukraine plummeted from USD 6.5 billion in 2021 to just USD 570 million in 2022, as reported by the Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies. Concerns about physical risk to assets are particularly acute in the energy sector, where Russia’s targeted destruction of energy facilities further complicates the acquisition of bank financing (Januta, 2024).

To support a green and sustainable energy transition in Ukraine, it is crucial to eschew investment projects that could trap Ukraine in lock-in situations and instead promote a new, decentralised approach to energy transition. Campaigners were calling for a “Solar Marshall Plan” ahead of the Ukraine Recovery Conference in Berlin which took place in June 2024. The demand partner countries help by providing cheaper loans through financial aid; more technical know-how and skilled workers; and battery storage technologies (Limb, 2024). The time to set the direction for Ukraine’s energy future is now.

For further information

Kelso Institute Europe: https://kelso-institute-europe.de/about-us/

List of sources: 

A Journey through Diplomacy and Self-Discovery

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A Journey through Diplomacy and Self-Discovery

By Alexandra Paucescu

I first met Cristina Rodriguez on a rainy autumn day in Brussels, two years ago. Despite the dreary weather, she arrived with an air of warmth and poise, a woman whose energy effortlessly draws people in. Her friendliness and eagerness to engage spoke volumes about her open heart, a hallmark of someone accustomed to new friendships and fresh experiences. She was anxious to know more about brussels, to discover more about Belgium, to make it her new ‘home’.

Born into a cultivated family in Mexico City, she was raised by an architect father and a university teacher mother. An older brother and younger sister completed their close-knit household. ‘I was an imaginative child’, Cristina recalls, her smile revealing a hint of nostalgia. ‘I dreamed of faraway lands and adventures with friends and cousins. Math was never my forte, but languages, history, travel, and the arts… those were my playgrounds.’

This passion for exploration guided her to a degree in International Relations at the Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City, which included a transformative exchange program in Lyon, France. From there, the world opened up further. Her career at the Mexican Senate’s Commission for International Relations with Europe and later, a master’s degree in Geopolitics and Global Security at La Sapienza University in Rome, prepared her for the multifaceted life of a diplomatic spouse.

When she married her husband, a diplomat in the Mexican Foreign Service, she embraced a life of movement and reinvention. ‘A couple of weeks after our wedding, I packed my whole life and moved to Arizona, his first posting. From there, we spent five magical years in Rome, and then Washington, D.C. Each place shaped me in ways I never anticipated.’

Her time in Washington, D.C., during tumultuous years, revealed the strength of the international diplomatic community. ‘The friends I made there were my stronghold, my star in the darkness’ says Cristina. ‘We all came from different corners of the world, but the challenges we shared bonded us deeply.’

This openness to connection is emblematic of what she represents as part of the new wave of diplomatic spouses: elegant, well-educated, and culturally attuned, yet grounded in authenticity. ‘Being a diplomatic spouse is a life of contrasts’ she explains. ‘It’s a privilege to live in different cultures and grow in unexpected ways. But it also comes with sacrifices—losing your own career or feeling like your identity is tied to someone else’s job.’

In the face of such challenges, she has found her own power. ‘We have the unique ability to create a more inclusive and empathetic world. By bridging divides and fostering genuine connection, we remind others of the shared humanity that unites us all.’

Her love of food has played a significant role in fostering those connections. ‘I wasn’t able to fry an egg until I was 25’, she laughs, ‘but YouTube tutorials came to my rescue.’ Today, she’s a dedicated cook, even winning a Korean cooking competition in Washington. ‘Food is a universal language. It gives you a glimpse into a culture and sparks conversations that lead to understanding and respect.’

Her culinary journey reflects her love of her homeland, where the flavours of Mexico remain her touchstone. ‘Mexican food speaks to my heart. But I never stop exploring cuisines from around the world. It’s one of the joys of this life.’

Her pride in Mexico extends beyond its cuisine. ‘Our country is so much more than the stereotypes of sombreros and mariachi bands. It’s a place of incredible diversity—deserts, snowy mountains, jungles, and beaches. Our cultural heritage is vast, from ancient civilizations to modern innovations in science, art, and technology.’

Yet, Cristina acknowledges the responsibility of representing her homeland abroad. ‘Stereotypes diminish when people experience real, human stories. By sharing our culture and breaking down prejudices one interaction at a time, we foster a more nuanced understanding of Mexico.’

This ethos of storytelling is central to her latest endeavour: her debut novel. ‘It started as an autobiographical novel but took on a life of its own’, she shares. The book follows Catalina, a young woman navigating life in Rome. Struggling to save a quaint trattoria from misfortune, Catalina discovers her own creative voice and culinary talent, building a life as fulfilling as the dishes she creates. ‘It’s a story of self-discovery and resilience, inspired by my experiences.’

As our conversation winds down, she reflects on the philosophy that guides her: ‘I am enough as I am, yet boundless in what I can become. I honour the past, cherish the present, and embrace the limitless possibilities of tomorrow.’

A true representative of the new diplomatic spouse, Cristina is much more than a partner in service. She is a bridge between cultures, a storyteller, a nurturer of connections, and an inspiration to those around her. And just as her journey is far from over, so too is the impact she will undoubtedly continue to make.

About the author:

Alexandra Paucescu

Alexandra Paucescu- Author of “Just a Diplomatic Spouse” Romanian, management graduate with a Master in business, cultural diplomacy and international relations studies.

She speaks Romanian, English, French, German and Italian,  gives lectures on intercultural communication and is an active NGO volunteer.

‘Phone phishing’ gang in Belgium and the Netherlands

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‘Phone phishing’ gang in Belgium and the Netherlands

Eight arrests

In a concerted operation, Belgian and Dutch authorities have cracked down on an internationally operating ‘phone phishing’ gang, leading to the arrest of eight suspects. In addition to ‘phishing’, or trying to gain access to bank or financial data by phone or online, the suspects also visited mainly elderly victims at their homes, pretending to be bank employees or police officers. Eurojust and Europol coordinated and supported the actions in Belgium and the Netherlands, where 17 places were also searched.

Most of the fraudulent activities took place in Belgium, but the organised crime group (OCG) behind the scam operated mainly from Rotterdam and other cities in the Netherlands. This week’s arrests have led to the apprehension of the alleged leaders of the OCG, though the investigations into the fraud continue. The fraudsters allegedly scammed victims out of at least several million euros.

At the request of the Belgian Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office (PPO), Eurojust became involved in the case in November 2022. Subsequently Belgian investigative judges also asked for the support of Eurojust, which organised eight coordination meetings to enable the cooperation with the Dutch authorities and support the operation against the OCG.

Throughout the investigation, Europol brought together all partners to facilitate effective coordination and the exchange of information between Member States. Europol experts also provided national authorities with analytical and financial support.

Prevention

  • Authorities in both countries are warning customers to exercise caution with online transactions and not to trust phone calls allegedly made by banking staff. Citizens are advised to be cautious on the following points:
  • Do not trust mails claiming to come from banks that state you urgently need to update your account.
  • Do not trust messages claiming that your phone account has been locked and needs updating.
  • Be careful when buying goods via secondhand sites if sellers ask for an initial payment of EUR 0.01.
  • Do not provide account details, PIN numbers or other financial information over the phone, even if the caller claims to be a bank employee.
  • Do not trust phone calls or messages that say you have won a phone or another item but ask you to pay a small amount up front.
  • Check URL links sent to you and make sure they start with ‘https://’.
  • Beware of links that redirect you to a fake bank site. These may look similar to your bank’s website, but cannot be trusted.
  • Do not give any information to individuals claiming to be bank employees who visit your home.
  • Criminal groups often ask young people to lend their phone cards or bank accounts for seemingly harmless transactions. The police strongly advises people against this, as it may make them an accomplice to criminal activities.

This week’s operation was carried out at the request of and by the following authorities:

·        Belgium: Federal PPO (Federaal Parket); Investigating Judge Court of First Instance Antwerp, section Mechelen (Onderzoeksrechter van Rechtbank van Eerste Aanleg Antwerpen, sectie Mechelen); Federal Judicial Police East Flanders (Federale Gerechtelijke Politie Oost-Vlaanderen)

·        The Netherlands: PPO Rotterdam (Openbaar Ministerie Rotterdam); National Police (Nationale Politie – Eenheid Rotterdam)

Diplomatic Life – Between privilege and pressure

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Diplomatic Life – Between privilege and pressure

Jeremy J. R. Dommnich stands at the crossroads of diplomacy, negotiation, and cultural integration, bringing years of expertise to the forefront of his mission. As an expert in international negotiations and CEO of Nvoye, he has trained and coached high-ranking diplomats and public officials from over 120 countries at the Clingendael Institute. His experience spans working with opposition groups, mediators, and stakeholders in armed conflict settings worldwide. He has also worked at the European External Action Service in Brussels and held diplomatic roles in Berlin, New York, and La Paz. At Nvoye, Jeremy dedicates himself to supporting diplomats in their integration process and fostering connections.

DM: Mr. Dommnich, you emphasize the concept of “fluidity” in diplomacy. Could you elaborate? Working in a bureaucratic organization like a ministry seems the opposite of fluid.

Jeremy J. R. Dommnich: That is the irony of the profession. If someone studies law, they often become a lawyer. A journalism graduate may become a journalist. But studying diplomacy does not clearly define what a diplomat actually does. The strong structure of a ministry contrasts sharply with the uncertainty and fluidity of a diplomat’s professional life.

Diplomatic roles are not rigidly defined; they require constant adaptation to varying contexts and demands. Diplomats must seamlessly transition between vastly different topics—trade relations, security policies, climate issues—sometimes rendering previously acquired expertise temporarily irrelevant. The profession demands not only subject-matter adaptability but also the acquisition of new hard and soft skills. Social media literacy, data analysis, project management, and networking have become as essential as traditional diplomatic skills like negotiation, advocacy, and crisis management.

This fluidity means diplomats must constantly shift professional identities: one moment they are a spokesperson, the next a negotiator, cultural ambassador, or security coordinator. Some embrace this diversity; others find it overwhelming, as they must continually acquire new knowledge and competencies.

DM: So being a diplomat is an evolving role that encompasses multiple disciplines. What about representation? That is the essence of diplomacy, isn’t it?

Jeremy J. R. Dommnich: Absolutely. Representation is one of the most defining aspects of a diplomat’s life, both professionally and personally. It comes with immense responsibility and constant scrutiny.

Sitting behind their country’s flag for the first time, a diplomat feels the weight of speaking on behalf of millions. However, in times of political polarization, diplomats often find themselves defending policies or positions that may conflict with their personal values. This tension—between private beliefs and professional obligations—is a recurring challenge in diplomatic life.

Moreover, representation extends beyond formal settings. A diplomat’s actions in private life—even something as simple as driving with diplomatic plates or attending social events—carry implications. Over time, this continuous scrutiny, coupled with the experience of living abroad for extended periods, can impact personal identity. As German sociologist Georg Simmel observed, “For the perfection of his art, the diplomat is called upon to refrain from being his true self.” This is perhaps the most profound cost of diplomacy: becoming a stranger to oneself.

And this is not even considering the impact on families, particularly children. More than 50% of third-culture children report experiencing emotional neglect due to the demands of diplomatic life.

DM: Is that emotional toll primarily due to the pressures of representation, or does frequent relocation play a larger role?

Jeremy J. R. Dommnich: It’s a combination of both. Diplomacy is more than a profession; it’s a lifestyle that operates 24/7, often for a lifetime. Moving between countries is integral to a diplomat’s career. While many are drawn to this nomadic lifestyle, it also presents challenges, particularly in cultural adaptation, professional reorientation, and identity shifts for diplomats and their families.

Surprisingly, diplomats across the board report a lack of institutional support from their employers when navigating these transitions—whether moving to a new post or returning home. This is one of the reasons I founded Nvoye: to provide diplomats with the support they need to integrate into new environments and build meaningful connections.

DM: It’s reassuring to hear that such support exists. What advice would you offer to diplomats currently in the field?

Jeremy J. R. Dommnich: One of the most crucial reflections a diplomat can have is an honest self-assessment: Why am I a diplomat? In my research at the International Psychoanalytic University, I identified four distinct types of diplomats, each with unique challenges and opportunities for professional growth:

  1. The Life Adventurer – drawn to the global mobility and excitement of diplomatic life.
  2. The Content Specialist – focused on expertise in a particular field, such as trade or security.
  3. The Family Lead – balancing professional duties with family stability and well-being.
  4. The Homo Politicus – motivated by political engagement and national service.

Understanding one’s intrinsic motivation helps diplomats proactively address career challenges and plan for long-term success. Diplomats serve their nations with their lives. If foreign ministries are the primary institutions for advancing national interests abroad, then diplomats are their most vital instruments. Countries should ensure these professionals are well-equipped, both institutionally and personally. Recognizing that diplomacy extends beyond cocktail receptions is in the interest of the public, the government, and the envoys themselves.

DM: How do you see these challenges evolving in the future?

Jeremy J. R. Dommnich: In an increasingly interconnected world, diplomats will play an even more vital role in de-escalating conflicts, fostering cross-cultural understanding, and strengthening international cooperation.

Technological advancements and artificial intelligence will continue to reshape diplomacy, but human interaction remains irreplaceable. Diplomats must function as conduits for authentic human experiences, ensuring that personal connections remain at the heart of international relations. To fulfill this role, they must stay emotionally resilient, socially engaged, and physically well.

Jeremy J. R. Dommnich holds a BA in European Studies from The Hague University of Applied Sciences, an MA in Interdisciplinary Latin American Studies from the Free University in Berlin, and an MA in Leadership and Consulting. He is an accredited coach (IPU) and supervisor (DGSV).

Diplomat Magazine sat down with Jeremy to explore his work at Nvoye, his reflections on the diplomatic profession, and his vision for supporting envoys in navigating a career defined by both privilege and pressure.

DM: Mr. Dommnich, you have trained diplomats from over 120 countries and conducted academic research on the diplomatic profession. What are the key insights you have gained about diplomacy?

Jeremy J. R. Dommnich: Diplomacy has evolved significantly since the days when envoys were semi-sovereign representatives conveying messages back to their home countries. Today, the concept of diplomacy has expanded beyond traditional foreign ministries. Terms like “private diplomacy,” “cyber diplomacy,” “health diplomacy,” and even “video game diplomacy” illustrate this shift.

This proliferation forces traditional diplomats to rethink their role. Given cultural and historical nuances, each country, ministry, and even individual diplomat has a unique perception of what diplomacy entails.

DM: With such a broad spectrum of roles, what remains constant in defining a diplomat?

Jeremy J. R. Dommnich: While diplomatic roles vary, certain core themes persist: diplomatic immunity, international travel, high-level negotiations, and the formalities of diplomatic attire and receptions. However, my research reveals that beyond these privileges, diplomats share fundamental challenges. Uprooting families, fluctuating social networks, and the relentless pressure to adapt and represent are universal aspects of diplomatic life.

In essence, diplomatic life is shaped by three defining experiences: fluidity, representation, and mobility. Understanding and addressing these elements is crucial for diplomats to thrive in their profession.

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Printed Magazine – 2024-2

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The Art Society The Hague Presents: The Relationship Between Terrorism and Art Smuggling

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The Art Society The Hague Presents: The Relationship Between Terrorism and Art Smuggling

Explore the dark nexus of terrorism and stolen history

The Art Society The Hague, under the esteemed chairmanship of former Italian Ambassador H.E. Andrea Perullini, is proud to present a captivating lecture by the renowned art detective Arthur Brand. Join us on Tuesday, 14 January 2025, at 20:00 in our new venue, the Atrium of the Pastoral Centre of the Church of Our Saviour, Helenastraat 8, The Hague.

Arthur Brand, famously dubbed the “Indiana Jones of art,” will shed light on the shadowy world where art smuggling and terrorism intersect. Cultural property theft and antiquities trafficking are not just crimes against heritage—they serve as a means for criminals to launder money, finance illicit activities, and even support terrorism.

With over 15 years of experience, Brand’s investigative work has recovered world-famous artifacts, including the “Hitler’s horses” bronze statues, a lost Picasso masterpiece, and Oscar Wilde’s stolen ring. His achievements have earned him global acclaim and the subject of numerous media features, including his TV series De Kunstdetective and his international bestseller Hitler’s Horses, soon to be a major film by MGM.

This lecture offers an unparalleled opportunity to delve into the complexities of art crime from a global authority.

Event Details

  • Date: Tuesday, 14 January 2025
  • Time: 20:00
  • Location: Atrium, Pastoral Centre of the Church of Our Saviour, Helenastraat 8, The Hague
  • Format: Live lecture, also streamed via Zoom for registered attendees

Registration and Membership

To attend, whether in person or online, please register via The Art Society The Hague’s website by Monday, 13 January 2025.

Fees:

  • Guest fee (single lecture): €15
  • Full membership (8 lectures + activities): €75 (individual) / €140 (couple)
  • Half-year membership: €37.50 (individual) / €70 (couple)
  • Student membership: 50% discount

This is a live event not to be missed for anyone intrigued by art, culture, and the fight against illicit trafficking. Let Arthur Brand guide you into the (under)world of art smuggling and terrorism, revealing secrets only a master detective knows.

Reserve your spot now and become part of an enlightening journey into the darker side of the art world.

Return of 114-Year-Old Hereke Carpet to the Peace Palace after Restoration in Turkey

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Return of 114-Year-Old Hereke Carpet to the Peace Palace after Restoration in Turkey

The restoration and return of the historic Hereke carpet to the Peace Palace marks a significant collaboration between the Carnegie Foundation, the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and the Embassy of Turkey in the Netherlands. H.E. Ambassador Selçuk Ünal played an important role in facilitating this project, underscoring the deep cultural and diplomatic ties between Turkey and the Netherlands. This remarkable effort, involved complex logistics and meticulous restoration work in Turkey’s Sultanhanı,

The restored carpet, a vital piece of the Peace Palace’s cultural heritage, will be reinstalled in the Japanese Hall in a festive unveiling ceremony on Thursday, 9 January 2025. The event will feature speeches by Piet Hein Donner, Chairman of the Carnegie Foundation; H.E. Selçuk Ünal, Ambassador of Turkey to the Netherlands; Dr. hab. Marcin Czepelak, Secretary General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration; and H.E. Nadir Alpaslan, Deputy Minister of Culture and Tourism of Turkey.

A Gift from the Ottoman Empire

More than 40 countries contributed to the construction of the Peace Palace by donating artworks or building materials. The largest hand-woven carpet outside Turkey, donated by the Ottoman Empire in 1911, has now been extensively restored in its place of origin. Combining scientific innovation with traditional craftsmanship, the 160-square-meter carpet returns to the Peace Palace after an absence of nearly two years.

The Peace Palace’s Hereke carpet is distinguished by its intricate geometric design and craftsmanship, consisting of 13,704,480 Turkish “Gördes” knots. Measuring 160 m² and weighing approximately 700 kilograms, the carpet adorns the Japanese Hall—one of the most stately rooms in the palace, frequently used for conferences and hearings, including sessions of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Despite the durability associated with Hereke carpets, decades of intensive use necessitated this restoration.

Journey of Restoration

In January 2023, a protocol was signed between the Carnegie Foundation and the Turkish government, initiating a complex logistical and restoration process. The carpet began its journey in March 2023, first undergoing thorough cleaning at Icat in Cruquius, the Netherlands. It was then transported to Sultanhanı, in the Turkish province of Aksaray, where restoration specialists conducted meticulous work.

In November 2023, a Dutch delegation visited Sultanhanı to observe and contribute to the restoration planning. Experts developed an eight-phase conservation and restoration strategy, blending traditional craftsmanship with cutting-edge chemical analysis and technology. The carpet was divided digitally into 280 sections, each meticulously analyzed to identify 15 different types of damage. The most prominent issues included wear from furniture and foot traffic.

Advanced Restoration Techniques

With support from the analysis laboratories of the Turkish Energy Nuclear and Mineral Research Council (TENMAK) in Ankara, experts identified the original yarns and colors used over a century ago. Repair yarns were custom-dyed with natural pigments derived from plants and roots, following traditional methods. A highly skilled team of craftsmen, who had previously restored tapestries for Buckingham Palace, completed the intricate restoration.

ICC Prosecutor on the Situation in Afghanistan: Addressing Crimes Against Women and Girls

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ICC Prosecutor on the Situation in Afghanistan: Addressing Crimes Against Women and Girls

On 28 November 2024, the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) received a referral concerning the Situation in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Six States Parties to the Rome Statute—Chile, Costa Rica, Spain, France, Luxembourg, and Mexico—submitted the referral, highlighting the severe deterioration of human rights in Afghanistan, particularly for women and girls. The States Parties requested the ICC to consider crimes committed against women and girls following the Taliban takeover in 2021 as part of its ongoing investigation into Afghanistan.

Background of the Investigation

Under the Rome Statute, a State Party may refer a situation to the ICC Prosecutor when crimes under the Court’s jurisdiction appear to have been committed, seeking an investigation to identify individuals responsible. The referral underscores the escalating human rights violations in Afghanistan and calls for accountability through the ICC’s judicial processes.

The ICC’s investigation into Afghanistan began in 2017 when the Office of the Prosecutor sought judicial authorization to examine crimes committed on Afghan territory since 1 May 2003. The investigation also extended to crimes linked to Afghanistan’s armed conflict and committed on the territories of other States Parties since 1 July 2002. On 5 March 2020, the ICC’s Appeals Chamber authorized the commencement of this investigation.

Following a period of deferral due to an admissibility challenge by Afghanistan’s former government, the Pre-Trial Chamber II authorized the ICC to resume its investigation on 31 October 2022. Since then, the Office of the Prosecutor has conducted an independent, impartial, and robust investigation, with a focus on systematic discrimination and persecution of women and girls.

Emphasis on Gender-Based Crimes

The referral from the six States Parties aligns with the ICC’s commitment to addressing gender-based crimes, including the crime against humanity of persecution on gender grounds. The investigation into Afghanistan has already made substantial progress in examining allegations of gender persecution. Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC expressed confidence that concrete results from this investigation would be announced soon.

The Prosecutor acknowledged the courage and determination of those who have supported and cooperated with the ICC’s investigation. He also reaffirmed the ICC’s broader mission to ensure accountability for crimes that profoundly affect the most vulnerable, especially women and girls in Afghanistan.

Call for Cooperation and Resources

As the Assembly of States Parties approaches, the Prosecutor reiterated the referral’s call for enhanced cooperation and resources to support the ICC’s work in Afghanistan. States Parties to the Rome Statute and other relevant actors are encouraged to provide the necessary support to advance the investigation and ensure justice for the victims.

The ICC’s Office of the Prosecutor remains open to receiving information about crimes committed under its jurisdiction. Submissions can be made securely via OTPLink, allowing individuals and entities to contribute to the investigation.

Commitment to Accountability

The referral from Chile, Costa Rica, Spain, France, Luxembourg, and Mexico highlights a collective determination to address the ongoing human rights crisis in Afghanistan. The ICC’s investigation stands as a proof to the international community’s resolve to confront crimes against humanity and uphold justice for the victims of systematic gender-based persecution. The ICC remains steadfast in its mission to pursue accountability and advance human rights, even in the most challenging circumstances.

More information: Situation in Afghanistan

Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) Concludes its 36th Annual Meeting of the Governing Council in The Hague

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Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) Concludes its 36th Annual Meeting of the Governing Council in The Hague

Advancing Climate Resilience and Inclusive Growth for Commodity-Dependent Nations

The Hague, 12 December 2024 – The Governing Council of the Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) successfully concluded its 36th Annual Meeting, held on 11–12 December 2024 at The Hague Marriott Hotel, The Netherlands. Delegates from Member Countries, international organizations, and institutional observers gathered to discuss strategic priorities, operational achievements, and future directions for the Fund.

During the meeting, H.E. Ms. Mirjam Blaak Sow (Uganda) was unanimously elected as Chairperson of the Governing Council for 2024 and 2025. H.E. Ambassador Caroline Kitana Chipeta (Tanzania), H.E. Ambassador Rekha Gunasekera (Sri Lanka), Ms. Anna Tofften (Sweden), and Mr. Jin Yuan (China) were elected as Vice Chairpersons for their respective regional groups.

H.E. Mr. Georges Rebelo Chikoti, Secretary-General of the Organisation of African, Caribbean, and Pacific States (OACPS)

H.E. Mr. Georges Rebelo Chikoti, Secretary-General of the Organisation of African, Caribbean, and Pacific States (OACPS), delivered the keynote address, stating:
“The OACPS and the CFC are not mere partners of convenience but allies united by a shared purpose. Together, we share a deep and enduring commitment to addressing the root causes of poverty and economic disparity in the developing world. By harnessing our collective resources and expertise, we can offer millions of smallholder farmers across Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific more than just a chance at survival.”

He further emphasized the need for fair and inclusive policies, ensuring that smallholder farmers are not excluded from global markets due to stringent compliance regulations under initiatives such as the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR).

The CFC achieved significant milestones in 2024, including the approval of 18 projects under the Open Call for Proposals, representing a cumulative project cost of USD 135.56 million. The CFC’s contribution amounted to USD 18.55 million, with a focus on regenerative agriculture, climate resilience, and smallholder livelihoods. To date, the Fund has supported 480 projects globally, representing a total value of USD 344.55 million.

Progress in operationalizing the Agricultural Commodity Transformation (ACT) Fund was also highlighted, including successful engagements with Development Finance Institutions and impact investors. The Fund’s innovative approach integrates climate resilience and improved farmer livelihoods. Its recent collaboration with the U.S. Department of State aims to scale private sector investment into climate-adapted crop varieties and healthy soils through the Vision for Adapted Crops and Soils (VACS) initiative.

During the meeting, it was announced that the CFC received a grant of USD 500,000 from the Central Africa Forestry Initiative (CAFI) for a project focused on shaping deforestation-free agricultural value chains in the Congo Basin region.

The Governing Council approved the Consolidated Administrative Budget for 2025, maintaining zero real growth while accommodating external funding provisions for initiatives such as CAFI and the ACT Fund. It also approved the preparation and implementation of the CFC’s Strategic Framework for 2025–2035, allocating a budget of USD 200,000 to guide the Fund’s future priorities and enhance its impact in supporting commodity-dependent countries.

H.E. Ambassador Sheikh Mohammed Belal, Managing Director of the CFC

H.E. Ambassador Sheikh Mohammed Belal, Managing Director of the CFC, underscored the Fund’s role in addressing global inequality and promoting innovation. He remarked:
“We gather here with a profound sense of purpose to address the persistent yet transformative challenge of empowering smallholder farmers and SMEs in the Global South. These communities form the backbone of the global economy, comprising 70% of the workforce in low-income countries. Yet, they remain underserved. Together, we can change this narrative and build an inclusive future.”

Highlighting the CFC’s innovative approaches, such as the use of advanced technology, carbon trading, and regenerative agriculture, Ambassador Belal emphasized their importance in addressing both climate resilience and economic growth. He urged Member States to provide necessary support to commodity-producing smallholders for a technology-enabled transformation:
“Only through strategic intervention, following the roadmap of the Integrated Program of Commodities (IPC) in commodity value chains, can humanity still have a shot at achieving the SDGs—if at all.”

The Governing Council also announced that the 37th Annual Meeting will take place on 9–10 December 2025 in The Hague, with an open invitation for any Member State to host the event.

In a world of unprecedented wealth and technological advancements, the growing prevalence of absolute poverty starkly underscores a deepening inequality that cannot be ignored. The Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) calls on all stakeholders—governments, corporations, and civil society—to prioritize the fundamental tenets of humanity: compassion, equity, and collective responsibility. As stewards of a shared planet, it is imperative to address the persistent challenges faced by the most vulnerable, ensuring that no one is left behind.

The CFC reaffirmed its commitment to fostering sustainable development and urged the global community to unite in building a fairer and more inclusive world—because we have only one planet to call home.

CFC 36 Annual Meeting 2024.

The CFC is an intergovernmental financial institution established to enhance the socio-economic development of commodity-dependent countries. Through partnerships, innovation, and impactful investments, the Fund addresses challenges in global commodity value chains, promoting sustainability and inclusive growth.

For further information, please contact: managing.director@common-fund.org

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