Challenges Facing Africa in the AI Era
In an era where artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the global landscape, data has emerged as a crucial asset, akin to oil in its value and potential. However, as AI technology advances at a breakneck pace, Africa faces daunting challenges that could either propel the continent forward or deepen existing inequalities. Dr. Jovan Kurbalija, a leading authority on digital governance, underscores these critical issues at the Economic Diplomat Programme Top-Heads-Talk lecture (oganised by the prestigous Ghana’s Institute IEF in collaboration with prof. Anis H. Bajrektarevic and his European partners), urging Africa to reclaim control over its data, knowledge, and wisdom amidst the transformative era of the second and thrid decade of XXI c.
Africa stands on the precipice of a technological revolution that could redefine its future. Dr. Kurbalija starts his talk, warning that without a decisive strategy, the continent risks being left behind in the global AI race. Central to this challenge is Africa’s underdeveloped data infrastructure. Despite its vast potential, the continent has fewer data centers than even the Netherlands, compelling many African nations to entrust their data to foreign facilities. This dependency raises profound concerns about data security and limits Africa’s capacity to leverage its data for economic advancement.
The backbone of Africa’s internet infrastructure lies in the global network of submarine cables. These vital underwater cables are responsible for approximately 99% of international data traffic, acting as the lifeline of global communication.
Yet, Africa’s reliance on these cables presents a complex challenge. Dr. Kurbalija highlights that “the entire continent has fewer data farms than the Netherlands” and points out that “Africa’s data is stored abroad, raising significant security and privacy concerns” (Kurbalija, 2024). The continent’s connectivity depends on a few major coastal hubs—South Africa, Egypt, and Kenya—making it vulnerable to disruptions caused by natural disasters, human interference, and geopolitical conflicts. To address these vulnerabilities, Africa must invest in expanding and strengthening its digital infrastructure.
Dr. Kurbalija advocates for a paradigm shift towards data sovereignty, emphasizing the imperative for nations to preserve sensitive data on health, identity, and security within their own borders. He argues, “The continent needs urgent action to safeguard and promote its data, knowledge, and wisdom for the AI era as part of the common cultural and knowledge heritage” (Kurbalija, 2024). For Africa, asserting data sovereignty is not merely a matter of security but of economic empowerment. Establishing local data centers and implementing data localization policies can not only enhance security but also drive innovation and foster economic growth. As Kurbalija asserts, “Data localization policies can help African countries to use their data to foster local innovation and economic growth” (Kurbalija, 2024).
Creating a truly inclusive digital future goes beyond mere infrastructure improvements. It requires ensuring equitable access to digital tools and resources. Investing in education and training programs is essential to equip Africans with the skills needed to navigate and excel in the AI-driven landscape. Moreover, promoting local content creation and forging partnerships with global tech companies will help amplify African voices and bridge the digital knowledge gap.
A robust framework for internet governance is crucial for Africa’s digital future. Internet governance is a multifaceted issue that demands collaboration among governments, businesses, civil society organizations, and individuals. According to the report on Africa’s digital voices, “Internet governance requires a collaborative approach involving multiple stakeholders to ensure fair and equitable regulations that support digital development goals” (DiploFoundation, 2022). For African nations, a strong presence in international internet governance discussions is essential to ensuring that policies and regulations support their digital development aspirations.
As Dr. Jovan Kurbalija’s talk concluded, he highlights how the insights into digital governance provide a strategic roadmap for Africa to navigate its challenges and opportunities in the AI era. By prioritizing digital (self-)awearness, along with data sovereignty, fostering inclusive digital development, and engaging in collaborative internet governance, Africa can harness AI’s potential to drive meaningful progress, enhance the quality of life for its citizens, and establish itself as a self-reliant player in the global digital economy.
Truly, it was and still is a great privilege to be amongst distinguished thinkers and architects of the future we all co-create. Admitting worries for common good since contemporary world tensions and energetic crisis are colliding with humanitarian questions, we reflect assurance, decision. Hope.
This is how the IEF program and this great guest, in a serie of remarkable speakers, impresses each and every of us participants.
Sources:
Governing Digital Optimism, Prof. Lucija Mulej, Ph.D
Valentina Carvajal Caballero of the Colombia ’s Universidad de Los Andes, is specialising in communication and digital media.
As an Information Officer at IFIMES, she applies her expertise in research and digital transformation to advance the organization’s goals. Founder of Clan Nativus Phydigital Agendas, Valentina combines her entrepreneurial drive with a deep understanding of Latin American digital landscapes to promote positive change through technology.
