Gender Equality for a Better Tomorrow: Lessons from Rwanda

By Prof. Jeannette Bayisenge, Minister of Gender and Family Promotion of the Republic of Rwanda

Through lobbying and the passage of legislation, the Netherlands is ahead of many countries around the world in terms of women’s rights.

As the Minister of Gender and Family Promotion in Rwanda, I applaud this. Rwanda has also strived to promote opportunities for all women and girls. Our experience as a nation proves that the link between gender equality and sustainable development can never be over-emphasized.

Following the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi, the entire nation was left to reflect on how to rebuild our country. Very early in this process, our government recognised that emphasising equality throughout the country, particularly with respect to gender equality, would be a key pillar on which progress could be built.

This was underscored by two realities. Firstly, that pre-genocide Rwanda had been a primarily paternalistic society – with little opportunity for women to take part in leadership in government or in wider society. Secondly, due to the genocide and outflows of refugees during and after it –women were the majority and the recovery would only be possible if both women and men play a central role. In addition, realising that equality was a fundamental human right – not a favour – and that women’s leadership would be vital in times where forgiveness, reconciliation, and peacebuilding would be priorities – the government took a strong stance on women’s representation.

This cannot simply be achieved by lip service, however. Undoing historic patriarchal tendencies takes action. Therefore, Rwanda devised several innovative mechanisms to promote women’s representation and inclusion. Lawmakers introduced some of the most women-friendly policies in the world and women were heavily involved in the drafting of a new constitution, between 1994 and its publication in 2003 and other gender sensitive laws as well as policies and strategies. For instance, girls and boys are allowed to inherit equally ; women and men can assume the leadership within the family and have the same rights on family property and this has enabled women to use their land as collateral to obtain loans, encouraging financial independence; girls’ education is priority and incentives are created for girls to study traditionally male-dominated subjects – for example, almost 44.7% of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) students are women. In the same context, a girl’s room is a requirement for primary and secondary schools to increase’ girls’ privacy during their periods. To fight against gender-based violence, women in parliament lobbied for laws against gender-based violence that criminalized marital rape and provide punishment for Gender-Based Violence in all its forms.

The results speak for themselves.

Currently, Rwanda is leading globally in terms of women representation in Parliament (61.3%); 2nd African Country to close gender gaps and 7th globally (World Economic forum, 2021). Women are also represented in other leadership positions along with their counterparts’ men with 55% of female in Cabinet, 51% female judges, 46.1% of women in District councils (NEC report,2021). Women, throughout the country and at all levels, are at the forefront of leadership and decision-making. The progress we see in Rwanda today is not only the result of this commitment to inclusivity, but also the fruits of women’s efforts. As President Kagame once said: “We did not give dignity to women. It was always theirs. All we did was bring it to light”

Economically, Rwanda has the world’s highest rate of female labor force participation at 86 –as highlighted by the World Economic Forum in 2018. Women contribute 30% of the GDP, while female entrepreneurship accounts for 42% of enterprises countrywide and 58% of informal businesses, according to International Finance Corporation. In addition, women are given special access to finance from both public and private financing institutions. For example, with respect to financial inclusion, the 2020 FinScope survey revealed that 92% of women are financially included compared to 93% men. Business Development Fund (BDF) also facilitates women to access capital for their business ventures by providing a 75% coverage on due collateral.

An all-of-government and indeed all-of-society approach to ensuring gender equality has been at the heart of these achievements, and at the heart of Rwanda’s rebirth as a prosperous and peaceful nation.

 I also recognise, as so many do, that further action needs to be taken, not just here but around our continent, and indeed around the world. By elaborating on our experience as a nation, I hope to spread this message more widely.

As His Excellency President Paul Kagame remarked earlier this year: “Equality is a right not a favour. We must do even more and better to ensure that the next generations of our daughters and granddaughters inherit a nation where their aspirations have no limits.” This is a spirit that every country, and every society, can take on board – we can always do more.  

La Vita Diplomatica

By Alexandra Paucescu

An old saying goes :’you have the life that you make for yourself’.

Milena Padula, a beautiful Italian born in Naples, certainly knows that. Despite the many changes she went through so far in life, she always knew how to make the best of every situation. She tells me that she was only eighteen when she first left home and went to study Economics and Banking in Tuscany, then, as one of the first Erasmus students, won a scholarship and spent one year at the University of Reading, in the UK. It was on the flight back to Italy where she met her future husband and from there, a life of diplomatic postings began.  Moscow, London, Bahrain, Montreal and Ho Chi Min City, where she recently moved, they all left strong and dear memories to her.

Milena Padula at McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

‘I always had the feeling that every posting was my country for the 4 years I spent there. I usually fall in love with the food, the people, the language, the culture and I even start to get goose bumps when the National Anthem of that country is played. If I had to choose nice memories from each of the cities I lived in, I would remember my wedding day in Moscow at the gorgeous Italian Embassy, the typical British lifestyle in London, with the Queen’s Garden Parties at Buckingham Palace, the races in Ascot, the tennis matches at Wimbledon and the Chelsea Flower Shows, the very welcoming people of Bahrain, with its interesting culture and strong traditions.’

Milena is a very active woman. This is how I met her and, besides her beauty and elegance, it is her actions which caught my attention. She tells me that she realized, from the very beginning of her diplomatic life, that she needed to be more than just a diplomatic spouse, she wanted to have something of her own, and I couldn’t resonate with this more!

She says; ‘I strongly believe that, as a diplomatic spouse, if you are not able to work, it is very important to keep up to date and to make the most of any training opportunity.  I always recommend it to other spouses that if, for any reason, they have to pause their career they should take the chance to go back to study. And it is what I did in Montreal, where, the only way to escape the harsh winters was to go back to my studies. I achieved a master’s degree in Public Relations and Fundraising at McGill University. Back in Rome after Canada, I took another course at the Sapienza University, on the role of women in the peace processes (UN Security Council Resolution 1325)’.

Milena Padula Spouse of the Italian Consul General in HCMC

Her experience abroad as the wife of a diplomat allows her to put this knowledge to good use. When in Rome, she usually collaborates with ACDMAE, the Italian Foreign Affairs Spouses Association, which carries out voluntary activities for the employees of the Ministry and their families.

Milena says: ‘within the association, I founded the Education & Career Group, which supports spouses to follow their professional path, despite their constant moving from one country to another. I helped to promote the “portable career” concept, teaching spouses to shift from one posting to another while keeping their career. I have been elected ACDMAE President in 2021 and was honored to give my contribution in organizing events for the members of our association and supporting the spouses during their relocation.

I have also been for many years, the Italian delegate to EUFASA (European Foreign Affairs Spouse and Families Association) with members from twenty European countries, meeting at annual conferences. The purpose of EUFASA is the exchange of ideas and information among its members, in order to improve the provisions related to spouses, partners and families of diplomats. It aims to identify best practices, to gain support for family-friendly policies within the EU MFAs. I will participate as the Italian delegate to the next conference, in Paris on May 2 & 3 2022 (www.eufasa.org)’.

During the pandemic, she yet started to be involved with another project. ‘Here We Are Italy’ (www.hereweareglobal.com/italy) is a network which aims to connect international professionals on the move, as accompanying partners. During lockdown she organized, together with partners in Modena and Milan, many workshops to help expats moving to Italy and around the world. I attended some of them and I remember the pleasure to be part of that community and to learn new things.

She confesses to me that, after more than 25 years as a diplomatic spouse, 5 countries, 2 children and a huge number of boxes, her most valuable advice would be that it is important to realize that we are not defined by our spouse’s job, we need to have an independent life.

Milena Padula at EUFASA conference London 2019.

‘We have to develop our own interests and we need to have what I call a double life’, she says.

Another important goal would be ‘to contradict the stereotype that the life of diplomats is a glittering life full of parties and never ending holidays. Nowadays, it is increasingly difficult to move from one country to another, considering how many postings are gradually becoming very dangerous’.

She had the opportunity to write about her own experience during the civil war in Bahrain in a book. “Nella buona e nella cattiva sorte. L’altra faccia del servizio all’estero” describes the ‘not so glamorous’ side of life as wife of a diplomat in a conflict zone.

But, despite the ups and downs of this diplomatic life and the difficulties related to changing countries every four years, leaving family and friends behind, she admits that she still thinks that this is the best life she could have ever asked for.

She remains optimistic and open to new experiences and opportunities to make her ‘vita diplomatica’ as beautiful as possible, no matter where she is.

After all, as her favorite quote says: ‘always see your glass half full’!


About the author:

Alexandra Paucescu

Alexandra Paucescu- Author of “Just a Diplomatic Spouse” Romanian, management graduate with a Master in business, cultural diplomacy and international relations studies.

She speaks Romanian, English, French, German and Italian,  gives lectures on intercultural communication and is an active NGO volunteer.

Career in Caribbean Science Workshop   

By Roy Lie Atjam

The Hague, on 23 April 2022, Mr Carlson Manuel, Minister Plenipotentiary of Curacao in the Netherlands flungopen the doors of his Cabinet to host the first-ever Career In Caribbean Science Workshop. 

After welcoming his guests, the Minister focused on developing a career in science. Minister Manuel lauded the speakers for their willingness to share their experiences with their compatriots and interested ones. Manuel wished the gathering a successful afternoon.

The Career In Caribbean Science Workshop, organized in collaboration with Stichting We Connect and CARAF Science, attracted many students and professionals from Curacao, Aruba and the wider Caribbean. A growing number of these(PhD.) students and professionals are looking for mutual contact and sharing of experiences. MC for the event was the well-known Tanja Fraai manager of We Connect.

Featuring on the program were the following speakers.

 Cherelle Maduro, Universiteit Maastricht. PhD candidate in trauma surgery Cherelle Maduro recounts the many corners she had to take to arrive at her current PhD research. Cherelle holds a BA and two master’s degrees. She pointed out the passion, tenacity and patience one has to exercise. It’s heartening for Cherelle to see the results of her proper research implemented on patients.

Mandy Spaltman, Radboud University. Mandy talked about her career as a behavioural scientist at Philips, working in a commercial company as a researcher. Is interesting and multidisciplinary.

Mariëlle Osinga (researcher Universiteit Groningen) Marielle elaborated on her (comparative) research into father absence among Caribbean children in the Netherlands and Curaçao. About doing quantitative and qualitative research and finding the right interviewees. How do you go about that? Mariëlle has just become a mother so her contribution was by video conference. Congrats Mariëlle!

Durwin Lynch, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam/VU Amsterdam. Durwin gave a brief  overview of his many activities. He Lecturers, is a researcher and  coordinates  the master’s program. Durwin shuttles between his day-to-day activities and his  PhD research. An extremely busy lad I would say.

In conclusion Jan Bant, university  Groningen, Leiden. On behalf of NWO (Dutch Research Council), Jan Bant invited us to participate in the Dutch Caribbean Research Week that will take place in June. 2022. 

The workshop was, by all means beneficial it took place in a relaxed Caribbean ambience. Savoury snacks and beverages were served.

Thank you for your hospitality Minister Manuel.

Photography Weconnect

Israeli Iftar – a commitment to religious freedom

On Tuesday evening, April 26, the ambassador of Israel in the Netherlands, H.E. Mr. Modi Ephraim organized an Iftar. Several ambassadors, religious representatives and politicians were present at this breaking of the fast during Ramadan.

A musical interlude was provided by Mohamed Ahaddaf on the oud.

“The interfaith Iftar underlines Israel’s commitment to religious freedom for all religions”, Ambassador Ephraim said.

Israeli Iftar at the residence.

ICC President meets with United Nations Secretary-General, concludes mission to New York

The President of the International Criminal Court (“ICC” or  the “Court”), Judge Piotr Hofmański, concluded yesterday a three-day official mission to the seat of the United Nations (UN) in New York, during which he met with the UN Secretary-General, António Guterres, as well as with other UN officials and representatives of States and civil society. In his meetings, President Hofmański highlighted the Court’s unprecedented level of judicial activity and called for the widest possible support of the international community for the Court’s independent mandate and its activities taking place on several different continents.

During his meeting with Secretary-General Guterres on Tuesday 5 April 2022, President Hofmański conveyed to the Secretary-General the Court’s deep appreciation of the continued support and cooperation of the United Nations, which remains as important as ever as the Court copes with an unprecedented workload, including a record number of five trials taking place this year. Secretary-General Guterres renewed assurances of his and the United Nations’ firm commitment to supporting the Court in its efforts aimed at addressing the gravest crimes under international law.

Discussions during the meeting further underlined the paramount importance of respecting the Court’s independence as a judicial institution as well as the importance of continued efforts to encourage all States that have not yet done so to join the Court’s founding treaty, the Rome Statute, in order to strengthen the international criminal justice system, to enhance the deterrence of atrocities and to promote access to justice for victims everywhere. 

President Hofmański also met separately with Mr Achim Steiner, Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, and Ms Alice Wairimu Nderitu, Special Adviser of the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide, in the context of the collaborative relations between the ICC and the United Nations. 

While in New York, the ICC President also met with the Vice-President of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute, Ambassador Bob Rae, and briefed the Assembly’s New York Working Group on the Court’s current judicial workload and other activities, notably including efforts to enhance the Court’s operations in the context of the ongoing Review process being conducted jointly by the Assembly and the Court. President Hofmański also held a number of meetings aimed at promoting universal ratification of the Rome Statute and met with representatives of non-governmental organizations based in New York. 

Eurojust supports searches in Germany, Italy and Hungary against use of faulty emission devices in Japanese cars

Eurojust is assisting authorities in Germany, Italy and Hungary with a series of searches to counter the use of faulty emission devices in engines, used in cars of a Japanese producer. The devices were allegedly fitted in the Italian-built diesel engines of large numbers of cars, giving the impression that the vehicles’ nitrogen oxide emissions were in line with EU regulations. The engines were later assembled into various models of the car manufacturer at a Hungarian production plant.

The aim of the searches, which are taking place at the request of the Economic Crime Unit of the General Public Prosecutor’s Office (PPO) of Frankfurt am Main, is to secure various documents, data and correspondence. This information will later be examined further and analysed by the judicial authorities concerned.

The car producer, with its European headquarters based in Germany, is supposed to be aware that as of 2018 diesel engines have been fitted with the devices. These showed that the emission rates of nitrogen oxide were in compliance with the legal EU emission norms, whereas according to investigations so far, they seem to be above the set limits. The devices were obtained by the Italian engine producer from another Italian supplier.

Eurojust has organised a coordination meeting to prepare for the searches of business locations in Bensheim and Heidelberg in Germany, Corbetta in Italy and Esztergom in Hungary. Furthermore, the Agency is providing support to enable a swift cross-border judicial coordination between the authorities involved.

The operation was carried out on the ground by:

  • Germany: General PPO Frankfurt am Main, Hesse State Police
  • Italy: PPO Turin, Guardia di Finanza Turin and Milan
  • Hungary: Police Headquarters of County Komárom-Esztergom

Kyrgyzstan, the uniqueness of the nature

Presentation of the tourism potential of Kyrgyzstan for travel agencies from the Benelux countries in Brussels

On April 14, 2022 the Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic to the Kingdom of Belgium presented the tourism potential of Kyrgyzstan for the Benelux countries under the slogan: “Kyrgyzstan – place for your vacation“.

The event was held ahead of the opening of the summer tourist season – 2022 in Kyrgyzstan after a two-year global lockdown.

Representatives of travel agencies and operators, as well as media specializing in tourism and travel from the Benelux countries, were presented with video and photo materials, information and statistics kindly provided to the Embassy by the Department of Tourism under the Ministry of Culture, Information, Sports and Youth Policy of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Yurts, Kyrgyzstan.

During the presentation representatives of the International Production Company “Eccholine” from Belgium, who visited Kyrgyzstan in 2021 to film the adventure reality show “Pekin Express”, also presented their story of filming, travel and the nature of Kyrgyzstan, answered the tour operators’ questions in a trusted format.

H.E. Mr. Muktar Djumaliev, Ambassador of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan.

For the reference: From February 10, 2022 the Belgian TV channel Club RTL every Friday broadcasts the TV show “Pekin Express – In the countries of the golden eagle“. The show is also broadcasted on the French TV channel M6. According to TV show ratings, each episode was watched by over 2.3 million viewers in France and about 120 000 viewers in Belgium. At the moment, the Production Company is working on the possibility of broadcasting this TV show on a commercial basis on TV channels in other EU countries.

Photo exhibition about the uniqueness of the nature of Kyrgyzstan, accompanied by Kyrgyz folk melodies and treats with traditional dishes, immersed the presentation participants in the atmosphere of national character, culture and life of Kyrgyz nomads.

Cooperation between the Embassy of Kyrgyzstan to Belgium and foreign and national travel agencies, tour operators, as well as the media representatives, contributes to the practical popularization of the Kyrgyz destination among the European travelers and tourists.

Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina visits International Criminal Court

On 26 April 2022, H.E. Mr. Šefik Džaferović, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, visited the International Criminal Court (“ICC” or “the Court”), where he was received by the President of the Court, Judge Piotr Hofmański, and ICC Deputy Prosecutors Mame Mandiaye Niang and Nazhat Shameem Khan.

On behalf of the ICC, President Piotr Hofmański thanked Mr Džaferović for honouring the Court with his visit and stated: “As the ICC faces a higher workload than ever before, the support and full cooperation of States is of crucial importance for the Court to be able to discharge its impartial and independent mandate effectively, and we are grateful to be able to count on Bosnia and Herzegovina in this respect.”

Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina visits International Criminal Court.

Chairman of the Presidency H.E. Šefik Džaferović said: “Bosnia and Herzegovina strongly supports the International Criminal Court. The full respect of International law is the only way to guarantee the lasting peace and security. All war criminals have to know that at the end of the day they will have to face the international justice.”

The visit of Chairman of the Presidency H.E. Šefik Džaferović to the ICC highlights Bosnia and Herzegovina’s commitment to the Court and the joint efforts deployed in the fight against the impunity of the perpetrators of the most serious crimes that affect the international community as a whole.

Bosnia and Herzegovina signed the Rome Statute on 17 July 2000 and deposited its instrument of ratification of the Rome Statute on 11 April 2002.

A Croatian Concert

By August Zeidman

For those who found themselves in the Koorenhuis Cultural Center on the evening of March 23, 2022, they were immersed in an environment of beautiful music and sublime culture. The Embassy of Croatia in the Netherlands and H.E. Ambassador Ms Dubravka Plejic Markovic, in collaboration with the Varazdin School of Music and the Royal Conservatory in The Hague, treated attendees to a concert that was truly magical.

The Ambassador of Croatia, H.E. Ms. Dubravka Plejic Markovic.

The Varazdin School of Music is one of the oldest and most prestigious educational institutions in Croatia, having been founded in 1828 in the beautiful environs of the mountains and forests near Croatia’s modern border with Slovenia.

This concert was an excellent opportunity for students of such an important and historic institution to travel and share their talents with a wider audience and to collaborate with students of the Netherlands’ own prestigious conservatory; a true gift for artistic experience.

Sven Tomašek, Croatian Concert.

The event itself was a joy shared by all in attendance as they saw and heard a number of different musical styles and instruments in use. Pieces utilizing flute, piano, violin, and more offered guests a true musical buffet on which to satiate their cultural appetite. Performances ranged from solos to quartets, giving all the artists an opportunity to give their best to the present appreciators of fine music and to be recognized for their skills and the importance of the represented musical institutions.

The fact that March 23 was a beautiful spring day, spent in the grand company of the historic Koorenhuis and in rapture of performers’ best work; it can only be a recipe for a perfect day.

Marija M. Kočila (mezzo) and Izidora Mustak, Croatian Concert.

Leiden University talks on Belarus

By August Zeidman

Dr. Stanislav Vassilevsky, Counsellor at the Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in The Hague, met and held a discussion with students of Leiden University at the Wijnhaven Campus in Den Haag. The event, which was organized by students, aimed to explore some of the more difficult aspects of practical diplomacy, especially in understanding its role between politically counter-aligned nations.

Dr. Vassilevsky was grateful to have the opportunity to meet with students and students were generally appreciative of the opportunity to direct questions they may have had directly to a representative of a country that has attracted significant controversy amongst the European community.

Economic matters were discussed, with Dr. Vassilevsky giving a brief presentation on the various export products of Belarus and showing their connection to European markets at the time in a variety of industries which, in 2021, had much recovered from a dip in engagement from 2020, though now things have greatly reduced once again. Belarus is a significant exporter of, besides petroleum products, potassium products, wooden materials, and dairy.

Additionally, the prescient political matters in Belarus of Autumn 2021 were also discussed. These included the nature and extent of the 2020 anti-government protests, the associated diverting of a flight over Belarusian airspace, and the, at the time, refugee crisis at the Polish-Belarusian border.

Leiden University, The Hague Campus during Belarusian conference.

Dr. Vassilevsky offered and explained his own insights as well as the perspective of the government that he represents on each of these matters, while engaging with the many questions posed by the diverse audience of students who drew from a wide geographical and cultural background of perspectives.

He offered points and research for consideration and encouraged students to be mindful of and examine the political motivations and biases of media in their own environments and countries, even those that are ostensibly ‘objective’. For example, he asked students to think about similar anti-government protests, which, in some Western nations had been faced with a similar level of government hostility, and questioned the difference in presentation and tone taken when considering movements in one state versus another. Just as Dr. Vassilevsky did with students, some members of the audience reciprocated and attempted to ask questions and bring up points which may help attain a better understanding between opposing perspectives.

Belarus potential exports to Europe.

Points of practicality were discussed as well, such as the diplomatic situation of Belarus with Europe and the Netherlands in particular; the current and future status of the Union State with Russia; and also just about life as a diplomat in The Hague.

It was a friendly and interesting event where almost everyone in attendance walked away with things to think about and discuss. Perhaps we should all take a bit of Dr. Vassilevsky’s advice and remain skeptical, curious, and questioning.