On Saturday, the 29th of June, the Netherlands celebrated its annual Veterans Day in the city of The Hague, paying tribute to the men and women who have served in the armed forces. The event featured a variety of activities, including a grand parade of veterans and active military personnel, which took place in the presence of His Majesty King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands. Earlier that day His Majestyâs speech at Royal Theatre signaled the start of the all day festivities.
The reception was hosted at Restaurant Poentjak, a historic venue that also serves as the meeting place for the Stichting Herdenking Veteranen (Foundation Commemoration Veterans), commonly known as The Hague Veterans Club.
The Ambassador of South Korea, H.E. Mr. Hyoung Chan Choe with the vice president of the Dutch State Council Thom de Graaff.
Stichting Herdenking Veteranen
Founded in 2005, the Stichting Herdenking Veteranen aims to promote societal recognition of the contributions made by veterans toward peace and security. The organization is dedicated to promote knowledge about veterans and increasing public appreciation for their sacrifices. Its informal âclubhouseâ at Restaurant Poentjak provides a regular meeting space for members.
The Foundationâs Committee of Recommendation includes distinguished figures such as Dr. Wim van Eekelen and Mr. Hans Hillen, both former Secretaries of Defense; Maj. Gen. (ret.) Leen Noordzij, former president of the National Veterans Platform.
Diplomat Magazine’s Publisher and a veteran from Dutch Army, together with the Ambassador of South Korea, H.E. Mr. Hyoung Chan Choe.
Netherlands Veterans Day has become a meaningful occasion for recognizing the sacrifices of the countryâs veterans also for fostering international connections. The participation of foreign military representatives highlights the shared commitment to peace and security across nations. As the event grows in prominence, it continues to strengthen the bond between the local community, the international diplomatic corps, and veterans themselves.
This yearâs celebration served as a reminder of the enduring impact of veteransâ service and the importance of cherishing their contributions to society. By hosting such events, The Hague reinforces its role as a city dedicated to peace, justice, and global solidarity. The 20th edition of Veteranâs Day was attended by more then 100.000 persons watching the parade and visiting the public activities at the Malieveld.
Hayâat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) is a Sunni Islamist militant group primarily active in Syria, particularly in the rebel-held Idlib Province. Formed in 2017, it is an alliance dominated by Jabhat Fatah al-Sham, which was previously affiliated with al-Qaeda. The group took several key cities on December 7 and 8,ultimately leading to the downfall of the Assad regime after 53 years.
The directive explicitly forbids compelling women to wear specific clothing or interfering with their choice of attire, according to the newspaper, which published details of the announcement.
“The High Command categorically prohibits forcing women to wear particular clothing or interfering with their right to choose their attire or making claims regarding their appearance,” the newspaper quoted the opposition leadership as saying.
The hijab, a traditional head covering in Islamic culture that conceals the hair, ears, and neck, has been a subject of debate in many Middle Eastern nations regarding personal freedom and religious practice.
In a parallel move suggesting broader social reforms, the opposition command also issued strict prohibitions against the persecution of media workers, including employees of Syrian television, broadcasting agencies and social media platform owners.
“Any threats against these individuals are prohibited,” Al-Watan reported, citing the opposition’s statement.
The opposition leadership has established penalties for violations of these directives, with perpetrators facing up to one year in prison.
These measures come as the opposition works to establish its authority and define its governance approach in post-Assad Syria, particularly regarding personal freedoms and press rights.
In a later message by the opposition forces, they announced, “We are here now to build a new Syria that accommodates everyone without exception.
Published by Human Rights Without Frontiers https://hrwf.eu/syria-armed-opposition-leadership-bans-forced-wearing-of-hijab/
The Dominican Republic has taken an important step in strengthening its international trade thanks to the efforts of Ambassador Juan Bautista DurĂĄn, Dominican representative in the Netherlands. At the end of December 2024, 23.5 tons of Dominican tobacco leaves were exported to the Chinese market, a significant achievement as a result of a trade mission organized by the Dominican Embassy in The Hague.
A bridge between local producers and the global market
Guangdong Royal Gaspar International Trade Co. Ltd., of Chinese origin, was the protagonist of this successful transaction. Initially, the company showed interest in acquiring large traditional cigar factories, such as Davidoff or La Aurora. However, as they were not available for sale, Ambassador DurĂĄn played a crucial role in redirecting its interests towards small and medium-sized producers in the Navarrete and Santiago regions. This approach not only created opportunities for local producers, but also opened the door for Dominican tobacco to reach new international markets.
Ambassador Juan Bautista DurĂĄn visiting Aurora cigars factory.
The relationship between Guangdong Royal Gaspar International and Dominican producers was the result of three years of constant exchanges, visits to government agencies and meetings with the private sector. The export of the first 23 tons marks the beginning of a commercial relationship that is projected to expand considerably by 2025, with the expected purchase of up to 1,000 tons of tobacco leaves.
Future plans: growth and local production
The company’s plans are not limited to tobacco purchases. Guangdong Royal Gaspar International also plans to acquire land in the Dominican Republic to start producing tobacco exclusively for the Chinese market. This project could have a positive impact on the local economy, generating jobs and increasing international recognition of the quality of Dominican tobacco.
Meeting cigars producers in Dominican Republic.
Economic diplomacy: a model of success
Ambassador DurĂĄn has demonstrated how economic diplomacy can be a key tool to boost national development. In addition to this transaction, the ambassador has led three investor commissions to the Dominican Republic, facilitating meetings with government authorities and private companies. This active and visionary approach has strengthened ties between the two countries, making the embassy in The Hague a key player in promoting Dominican trade.
A promising horizon
Exporting tobacco to China is just the beginning. This type of initiative lays the groundwork for future agreements that will benefit local producers and strengthen the Dominican Republic’s presence in international markets. With the volume of exports expected to increase significantly by 2025, Ambassador Juan Bautista DurĂĄn’s work stands out as an example of how diplomacy can positively impact trade and national development.
El voto observado en breve este 17 de diciembre del 2024
El tablero de la votaciĂłn de este 17 de diciembre del 2024 puede ser consultado en este video de YouTube: esta vez, Israel y su incondicional aliado norteamericano pudieron contar con los votos en contra de Argentina, Micronesia, Nauru, Paraguay, y Papua Nueva Guinea. Cabe precisar que se trata de votaciones en las que aliados tradicionales de Israel en este tipo de ejercicios como suelen serlo para otras resoluciones AustrĂa, Australia, CanadĂĄ, HungrĂa o RepĂșblica Checa se desmarcan y no acceden a las solicitudes de Israel (y de Estados Unidos) de votar en contra.
El aislamiento de Israel en el seno de la comunidad internacional
Este nuevo informe de Human Rights Watch dado a conocer este 19 de diciembre del 2024 detalla el uso del faltante de agua como arma de guerra en Gaza por parte de Israel, confirmando para los investigadores de esta reconocida ONG su intenciĂłn genocida en Gaza.
Al respecto, el pasado 4 de diciembre, el genocidio en curso en Gaza iniciado desde la tarde noche del 7 de octubre del 2023 fue confirmado en un contundente informe de otra reconocida ONG AmnistĂa Internacional, antecedido en octubre por el informe de la Relatora Especial de Naciones Unidas titulado âEl genocidio como supresiĂłn colonial “, precedido de su informe de julio titulado âAnatomĂa de un genocidioâ: la poca difusiĂłn en medios de prensa internacionales de estos informes plantea interrogantes muy vĂĄlidas.
Adicionalmente a ello, las acciones militares en el LĂbano por parte de Israel desde mediados de septiembre, asĂ como en Siria desde hace dos semanas parecieran responder a un intento bastante sutil para desviar la atenciĂłn medĂĄtica internacional sobre lo que ocurre en Gaza y en Cisjordania.
“Israeli bombardment from the air, land and sea continues to be reported across the Gaza Strip, resulting in further civilian casualties, displacement, and destruction of civilian infrastructure. In the North Gaza governorate, the Israeli military has been carrying out a ground offensive since 6 October 2024, with fighting reported between Israeli forces and Palestinian armed groups. Israeli forces have continued to impose a tightened siege on Beit Lahiya, Beit Hanoun and parts of Jabalya and humanitarian assistance has been largely denied for more than 10 weeks (see data below). Rocket firing by Palestinian armed groups towards Israel was reported.
Between the afternoons of 10 and 17 December, according to the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Gaza, 273 Palestinians were killed and 853 were injured. Between 7 October 2023 and 17 December 2024, at least 45,059 Palestinians were killed and 107,041 were injured, according to MoH in Gaza.
Between the afternoons of 10 and 17 December, two Israeli soldiers were killed in Gaza, according to the Israeli military. Between 7 October 2023 and 17 December 2024, according to the Israeli military and official Israeli sources cited in the media, more than 1,586 Israelis and foreign nationals were killed, the majority on 7 October 2023 and its immediate aftermath. The figure includes 386 soldiers killed in Gaza or along the border in Israel since the beginning of the ground operation. In addition, 2,488 Israeli soldiers were reported injured since the beginning of the ground operation. As of 17 December, it is estimated that 100 Israelis and foreign nationals remain captive in Gaza, including hostages who have been declared dead and whose bodies are withheld in Gaza.
Attacks on schools sheltering internally displaced people (IDPs) in Gaza continue to be reported, with nine such incidents documented so far in December 2024 by the UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR). According to the Education Cluster, between 6 October and 15 December 2024, 95 incidents involving attacks on school buildings, mostly serving as IDP shelters, were documented, including 61 incidents in North Gaza governorate. On 14 and 15 December alone, four schools were hit, as follows:
– On 14 December, two schools-turned shelters were reportedly hit in Gaza city, resulting in the killing of seven Palestinians, including three children, and the injury of tens of others, according to Palestinian Civil Defense (PCD).
– On 15 December, Israeli troops reportedly surrounded and raided Khalil Owaidah School sheltering IDPs in ‘Izbat Beit Hanun, in North Gaza, where it was reported that male IDPs were detained while women and children were forced to move southwards. Tens of people were reported killed, but the exact circumstances remain unclear. Citing IDP testimonies, PCD reported that fatalities included 10-15 people who were incinerated, and the school was destroyed.
– On 15 December, the third floor of an UNRWA school sheltering IDPs in Al Mawasi, in Khan Younis, was hit. Within minutes, the emergency department of the nearby Nasser Medical Complex was flooded with casualties, most of them women and children. Many were severely injured and died on site or en route to the hospital, reported international doctors from Medical Aid for Palestinians (MAP) operating in the facility as part of a joint Emergency Medical Team (EMT) with the International Rescue Committee. An internal medicine and emergency care consultant counted at least 18 people dying in the emergency department, including 12 children under the age of 12. The first patient arrived in the facility was âa three-year-old girl who had the left side of her forehead torn open by shrapnel fragments which had penetrated her skull,â and who, due to shortages of painkillers and anaesthetics, had to be treated âwith very little access to medications,â added the consultant. A plastic surgeon also noted that his first patient was a 12 to 14-year-old boy whose face was entirely burnt, and who had open wounds on his chest and on both of his legs.
Other deadly incidents reported between 10 and 15 December include:
– On 10 December, at about 23:00, 22 Palestinians were reportedly killed and others injured when a three-story building was hit near Kamal Adwan Hospital in Beit Lahiya in North Gaza.
– On 12 December, at about 00:30, seven Palestinians including children and women were reportedly killed and others injured when two apartments in a residential tower were hit in northwestern Gaza city.
– On 12 December, on two occasions at about 00:01 and 00:55, 22 Palestinians were reportedly killed and others injured when people were hit in Khan Younis and Rafah. According to the Government Media Office (GMO), fatalities included 15 people tasked with securing the movement of aid trucks, raising the number of people killed while securing aid trucks to 720 so far.
– On 12 December, at about 02:00, 15 Palestinians including at least one woman and seven children were reportedly killed, and several others injured, when a house sheltering IDPs was hit in western An Nuseirat refugee camp in northern Deir al Balah.
– On 12 December, at about 20:30, at least 34 Palestinians were reportedly killed and 40 others injured, when two residential buildings were hit in central An Nuseirat refugee camp, in Deir al Balah, according to PCD. According to the UN Childrenâs Fund (UNICEF), at least eight children were among the fatalities (see below). Extensive damage of the residential block was also reported.
– On 14 December, at about 13:45, 12 Palestinians, including at least two girls, one woman and the mayor, were reportedly killed and others injured when Deir al Balah Municipality in central Deir al Balah was hit.
– On 15 December, at about 21:05, at least ten Palestinians were reportedly killed and others injured when a house was hit in Ash Shujaâiyeh neighbourhood in eastern Gaza city.
– On 15 December, six people were reportedly killed and others injured when a PCD centre was hit in An Nuseirat refugee camp, in northern Deir al Balah. Fatalities reportedly included a cameraperson and four PCD staff and volunteers. The cameraman is among four journalists reported killed in Gaza between 11 and 15 December, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). As of 17 December, the Palestinian Journalists Syndicate reported that 188 journalists and media workers have been killed in Gaza”.
El voto observado en breve este 17 de diciembre del 2024
El tablero de la votaciĂłn de este 17 de diciembre del 2024 puede ser consultado en este video de YouTube: esta vez, Israel y su incondicional aliado norteamericano pudieron contar con los votos en contra de Argentina, Micronesia, Nauru, Paraguay, y Papua Nueva Guinea. Cabe precisar que se trata de votaciones en las que aliados tradicionales de Israel en este tipo de ejercicios como suelen serlo para otras resoluciones AustrĂa, Australia, CanadĂĄ, HungrĂa o RepĂșblica Checa se desmarcan y no acceden a las solicitudes de Israel (y de Estados Unidos) de votar en contra.
El aislamiento de Israel en el seno de la comunidad internacional
Este nuevo informe de Human Rights Watch dado a conocer este 19 de diciembre del 2024 detalla el uso del faltante de agua como arma de guerra en Gaza por parte de Israel, confirmando para los investigadores de esta reconocida ONG su intenciĂłn genocida en Gaza.
Al respecto, el pasado 4 de diciembre, el genocidio en curso en Gaza iniciado desde la tarde noche del 7 de octubre del 2023 fue confirmado en un contundente informe de otra reconocida ONG AmnistĂa Internacional, antecedido en octubre por el informe de la Relatora Especial de Naciones Unidas titulado âEl genocidio como supresiĂłn colonial “, precedido de su informe de julio titulado âAnatomĂa de un genocidioâ: la poca difusiĂłn en medios de prensa internacionales de estos informes plantea interrogantes muy vĂĄlidas.
Adicionalmente a ello, las acciones militares en el LĂbano por parte de Israel desde mediados de septiembre, asĂ como en Siria desde hace dos semanas parecieran responder a un intento bastante sutil para desviar la atenciĂłn medĂĄtica internacional sobre lo que ocurre en Gaza y en Cisjordania.
“Israeli bombardment from the air, land and sea continues to be reported across the Gaza Strip, resulting in further civilian casualties, displacement, and destruction of civilian infrastructure. In the North Gaza governorate, the Israeli military has been carrying out a ground offensive since 6 October 2024, with fighting reported between Israeli forces and Palestinian armed groups. Israeli forces have continued to impose a tightened siege on Beit Lahiya, Beit Hanoun and parts of Jabalya and humanitarian assistance has been largely denied for more than 10 weeks (see data below). Rocket firing by Palestinian armed groups towards Israel was reported.
Between the afternoons of 10 and 17 December, according to the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Gaza, 273 Palestinians were killed and 853 were injured. Between 7 October 2023 and 17 December 2024, at least 45,059 Palestinians were killed and 107,041 were injured, according to MoH in Gaza.
Between the afternoons of 10 and 17 December, two Israeli soldiers were killed in Gaza, according to the Israeli military. Between 7 October 2023 and 17 December 2024, according to the Israeli military and official Israeli sources cited in the media, more than 1,586 Israelis and foreign nationals were killed, the majority on 7 October 2023 and its immediate aftermath. The figure includes 386 soldiers killed in Gaza or along the border in Israel since the beginning of the ground operation. In addition, 2,488 Israeli soldiers were reported injured since the beginning of the ground operation. As of 17 December, it is estimated that 100 Israelis and foreign nationals remain captive in Gaza, including hostages who have been declared dead and whose bodies are withheld in Gaza.
Attacks on schools sheltering internally displaced people (IDPs) in Gaza continue to be reported, with nine such incidents documented so far in December 2024 by the UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR). According to the Education Cluster, between 6 October and 15 December 2024, 95 incidents involving attacks on school buildings, mostly serving as IDP shelters, were documented, including 61 incidents in North Gaza governorate. On 14 and 15 December alone, four schools were hit, as follows:
– On 14 December, two schools-turned shelters were reportedly hit in Gaza city, resulting in the killing of seven Palestinians, including three children, and the injury of tens of others, according to Palestinian Civil Defense (PCD).
– On 15 December, Israeli troops reportedly surrounded and raided Khalil Owaidah School sheltering IDPs in ‘Izbat Beit Hanun, in North Gaza, where it was reported that male IDPs were detained while women and children were forced to move southwards. Tens of people were reported killed, but the exact circumstances remain unclear. Citing IDP testimonies, PCD reported that fatalities included 10-15 people who were incinerated, and the school was destroyed.
– On 15 December, the third floor of an UNRWA school sheltering IDPs in Al Mawasi, in Khan Younis, was hit. Within minutes, the emergency department of the nearby Nasser Medical Complex was flooded with casualties, most of them women and children. Many were severely injured and died on site or en route to the hospital, reported international doctors from Medical Aid for Palestinians (MAP) operating in the facility as part of a joint Emergency Medical Team (EMT) with the International Rescue Committee. An internal medicine and emergency care consultant counted at least 18 people dying in the emergency department, including 12 children under the age of 12. The first patient arrived in the facility was âa three-year-old girl who had the left side of her forehead torn open by shrapnel fragments which had penetrated her skull,â and who, due to shortages of painkillers and anaesthetics, had to be treated âwith very little access to medications,â added the consultant. A plastic surgeon also noted that his first patient was a 12 to 14-year-old boy whose face was entirely burnt, and who had open wounds on his chest and on both of his legs.
Other deadly incidents reported between 10 and 15 December include:
– On 10 December, at about 23:00, 22 Palestinians were reportedly killed and others injured when a three-story building was hit near Kamal Adwan Hospital in Beit Lahiya in North Gaza.
– On 12 December, at about 00:30, seven Palestinians including children and women were reportedly killed and others injured when two apartments in a residential tower were hit in northwestern Gaza city.
– On 12 December, on two occasions at about 00:01 and 00:55, 22 Palestinians were reportedly killed and others injured when people were hit in Khan Younis and Rafah. According to the Government Media Office (GMO), fatalities included 15 people tasked with securing the movement of aid trucks, raising the number of people killed while securing aid trucks to 720 so far.
– On 12 December, at about 02:00, 15 Palestinians including at least one woman and seven children were reportedly killed, and several others injured, when a house sheltering IDPs was hit in western An Nuseirat refugee camp in northern Deir al Balah.
– On 12 December, at about 20:30, at least 34 Palestinians were reportedly killed and 40 others injured, when two residential buildings were hit in central An Nuseirat refugee camp, in Deir al Balah, according to PCD. According to the UN Childrenâs Fund (UNICEF), at least eight children were among the fatalities (see below). Extensive damage of the residential block was also reported.
– On 14 December, at about 13:45, 12 Palestinians, including at least two girls, one woman and the mayor, were reportedly killed and others injured when Deir al Balah Municipality in central Deir al Balah was hit.
– On 15 December, at about 21:05, at least ten Palestinians were reportedly killed and others injured when a house was hit in Ash Shujaâiyeh neighbourhood in eastern Gaza city.
– On 15 December, six people were reportedly killed and others injured when a PCD centre was hit in An Nuseirat refugee camp, in northern Deir al Balah. Fatalities reportedly included a cameraperson and four PCD staff and volunteers. The cameraman is among four journalists reported killed in Gaza between 11 and 15 December, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). As of 17 December, the Palestinian Journalists Syndicate reported that 188 journalists and media workers have been killed in Gaza”.
On the occasion of Latviaâs 106th Independence Anniversary, the Latvian Embassy in the Netherlands organized a memorable reception and concert at the stunning Nieuwe Kerk in The Hague. H.E. Ambassador Solvita ÄboltiĆa, marking her first National Day celebration in the Netherlands since her accreditation in March, delivered an inspiring speech highlighting Latviaâs achievements, shared values with the Netherlands, and the strength of their bilateral partnership.
A Warm Welcome and Reflection on Shared Experiences
Ambassador ÄboltiĆa welcomed attendees with warmth and gratitude. Reflecting on her experiences in the Netherlands, she remarked on the Dutch passion for cycling and the stunning variety of flowers that connect with Latviansâ love of planting and nature.
Latvian Ambassador Ms Solvita ÄboltiĆa, welcoming her guests.
Security and Shared Global Values
The Ambassadorâs speech emphasized the importance of security as a cornerstone of Latviaâs international engagement. She marked the 1000th day since the start of Russiaâs full-scale invasion of Ukraine with a moment of silence, honoring the courage of the Ukrainian people.
She highlighted Latviaâs 20-year membership in NATO and the European Union, as well as the 10th anniversary of adopting the euro, underscoring how these strategic choices have bolstered Latviaâs security and credibility. âLatvia and the Netherlands share common values and a deep understanding of the Russian aggressionâs threat to European and global security,â she stated, reaffirming unwavering support for Ukraine.
The Ambassador also recognized the Netherlandsâ contributions to NATOâs Multinational Brigade in Lithuania and expressed gratitude for the allianceâs collective commitment to deterrence and defense. She reiterated shared concerns regarding the Middle East, advocating for dialogue and peacebuilding efforts.
Economic Partnerships and Sustainability Initiatives
Turning to economic collaboration, Ambassador ÄboltiĆa celebrated the partnership between Latvia and the Netherlands. She noted the Netherlandsâ position among Latviaâs top trading and investment partners, a reflection of the mutual trust and synergy between the two nations.
Latviaâs diverse exports, from anti-reflective glass protecting Dutch museum artworks to high-reliability routers and food products, were highlighted as contributions to the Dutch market. Ambassador ÄboltiĆa also acknowledged Dutch companies thriving in Latvia, such as Brabantia, Pharmeko, and Royal Legro, praising their role in creating a strong business ecosystem.
Sustainability emerged as a key theme, with examples of innovative projects such as:
Van Oordâs collaboration with LiepÄja to develop a port for offshore wind energy projects.
Fokker Next Genâs partnership with Latvia to pioneer emission-free air travel.
Ingka Investmentsâ expansion in Latvia, focusing on sustainable forest management.
âIt is the shared spirit of small countries achieving grand things that truly connects us,â the Ambassador remarked, celebrating the potential for future collaboration.
Concluding her speech, Ambassador ÄboltiĆa underscored the determination of the Latvian people, with music serving as a beacon through challenges. She introduced the eveningâs performers, Latvian-Ukrainian musicians KatrÄ«na Gupalo and Edgars VilcÄns. KatrÄ«na, a celebrated composer, pianist, and singer, is known for her captivating performances, including her participation in Latviaâs Eurovision selection. Edgars, a distinguished jazz pianist and producer, has used his music to support Ukraine since relocating to Latvia following the Russian invasion.
Latvian-Ukrainian musicians KatrÄ«na Gupalo and Edgars VilcÄns during the Latvia National Day 2024 The Hague.
The evening concluded with a moving performance by the duo. The Ambassadorâs closing remarks in Latvian, addressed to the Latvian community in the Netherlands, further highlighted the importance of unity and shared identity.
Under the motto Glorious November, loyalty and Renewal
The Embassy of Algeria to the Netherlands hosted a commemorative reception on November 6, 2024, in The Hague to honor the 70th anniversary of the outbreak of the National Liberation War.
The event drew a large crowd, filling the venue to capacity. Attendees included representatives from Dutch official institutions, the diplomatic corps, and international organizations based in The Hague, alongside members of the Algerian diaspora in the Netherlands, including prominent figures from government and academia.
H.E. Mr. Mifougo Youssouf Diarrassouba, Ambassador of Ivory Coast, H.E. Ms. Ramatoulaye Ba Epse Faye, Ambassador of Senegal, H.E. Ms. Salima Abdelhak, Ambassador of Algeria, H.E. Ms Caroline Chipeta Kitana, Ambassador of Tanzania, H.E. Hon Halima Yussuf Mucheke, Ambassador of Kenya and H.E. Ms. Isabelle Ndahayo, Ambassador of Burundi.
During the reception, Ambassador H.E. Mrs. Salima Abdelhak delivered a speech emphasizing the historical significance of the National Liberation War both nationally and globally.
âOn November 1, 1954, driven by the quest for freedom and dignity, the Algerian people embarked on a long and difficult struggle following the call by the National Liberation Front (FLN). This struggle led to Algeria’s independence after 132 years of occupation, becoming a universal symbol of courage and sacrifice that inspired many nations in their own paths to independence.â
Among people on the picture, H.E. Mr. Ammar M.B. Hijazi, Chief of Palestinian Mission and H.E. Ms Sahar Ghanem, Dean of the Diplomatic Corps and Ambassador of Yemen.
Ambassador Abdelhak also highlighted Algeriaâs progress in economic, social, and political fields, focusing on the recent presidential elections. She underscored the reforms initiated by President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, who secured a second term to further these advancements.
H.E. Ms Madeleine Liguemoh Ondoua, Ambassador of Cameroon, H.E. Mr. Alvaro Gonzalez Otero, Ambassador of Uruguay, Algerian artist Manal Gherbi, H.E. Ms Salima Abdelhak, Ambassador of Algeria, Dr Mayelinne De Lara, Diplomat Magazine’s publisâher and Dayana Perez Fernandez, Embassy of the Dominican Republic.
âAlgeria has reaffirmed its democratic commitment by re-electing President Tebboune for a second term. Building on his first mandateâs achievementsâmodernizing the economy, enhancing the business climate, boosting employment, and improving rural living conditionsâPresident Tebboune aims to advance institutional modernization, strengthen the rule of law, and diversify the economy through agriculture, industry, and tourism. Algeria also maintains its role as a reliable European energy partner while advancing renewable energy initiatives, including green hydrogen.â
On bilateral relations, Ambassador Abdelhak noted the strong ties between Algeria and the Netherlands at both bilateral and multilateral levels.
âAlgeria and the Netherlands enjoy excellent bilateral relations built on mutual respect, friendship, and cooperation. Our countries share a common vision of the importance of multilateralism and adherence to international law. We collaborate in sectors such as agriculture, energy, water management, and higher education, and we are confident this partnership will continue to grow.â
She also recognized Algeriaâs constructive contributions to international organizations headquartered in the Netherlands.
âAlgeria reiterates its unwavering support for the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as an essential tool for resolving disputes and addressing global challenges. Similarly, my country closely follows the International Criminal Court (ICC), which is currently addressing the situation in Palestine, offering hope for the Palestinian people.â
Ambassador Abdelhak highlighted Algeriaâs commitment to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), emphasizing its vital role in global disarmament and peace.
Patricia van Oordt, Ambassador Abdelhak and Fernando Arias, OPCW Director General.Dr Dilruba Nasrin and spouse H.E. Sheikh Mohammed Belal, Managing Director of CFC and H.E. Ms Salima Abdelhak, Ambassador of Algeria.
âThe OPCW is crucial for international peace and security. Algeria remains dedicated to implementing the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and recently achieved a significant milestone with the designation of the National Institute of Criminology and Criminalistics of the National Gendarmerie (NICC/GN) as an OPCW-designated laboratory. This reinforces Algeriaâs efforts and provides Africa with its own specialized laboratory.â
Addressing the Algerian community in the Netherlands, Ambassador Abdelhak expressed pride in their contributions to Dutch society and their role in representing Algeria positively.
âI reaffirm that the Embassy is always at your service, ready to assist in facilitating your contributions to development efforts. Your achievements enhance Algeriaâs image and deepen the cultural and human ties between our two peoples.â
The reception also celebrated the richness and diversity of Algerian culture. Guests enjoyed a outstanding performance of classical and folk music by Algerian artist Manal Gherbi and her ensemble. The event concluded with a sumptuous dinner, embodying the spirit of Algerian hospitality, leaving all attendees with a deeper appreciation for the countryâs cultural and historical heritage.
Ambassador Abdelhak together with Algerian artist Manal Gherbi and her ensemble.
Prior to Donald Trump’s anticipated second term in office, indications of his potential actions over the next four years are already emerging. The United States is currently navigating a complex geopolitical landscape, where the American people face the looming threat of nuclear conflictâa nuclear incidence might have happen if Trump does not play a prominent role in global politics.
It can be argued that Trump has not only safeguarded the United States but also the entire world from the specter of nuclear warfare by exerting control over the situation in Ukraine. The peace-loving citizens of Europe are likely experiencing a sense of relief following Trump’s electoral success. However, the reality for those European nations that have incited Zelensky to engage in conflict with Russia are now face multiple crisis as they are now grappling with the influx of Ukrainian refugees.
If NATO become embroiled in military hostilities with Russia, the populations of the involved countries could confront the harrowing prospect of a nuclear disaster before any resolution is achieved. In the aftermath of such devastation, NATO leaders might declare their victory to the world, standing amidst the ruins of countless civilian and military lives lost.
Recognizing the severe implications of the United States’ involvement in a European conflict, Trump has shifted his stance regarding the Ukraine war, opting to avoid further provocation. His proposed resolution to the conflict is unlikely to be favorable for Zelensky, a former comedian, as it does not guarantee the return of territories lost to Russia.
Once the conflict concludes, the Ukrainian people will begin to assess the gains and losses incurred. Zelensky suspended elections under the guise of wartime necessity, he will ultimately be compelled to conduct elections in post-conflict era. If he should choose to abstain from participating in those elections, then too, he will then bear the burden of war, potentially facing charges as a war criminal. Aware of this precarious future, Zelensky is now pursuing NATO and European Union membership, actively advocating for the deployment of European troops in Ukraineâan action that he could present to Ukrainian people as a reward for their sacrifices during the war.
If the war ends in favor of Russia, the leaders of France, Germany, and the UK, who support this war, will also face extreme disaster, just like Zelensky. Russia will also remain a threat to NATO. The question is why does Trump want to put his NATO allies in this disastrous situation? Why his affection to Putin? These are some of the questions that have arisen in December. This month, Ukraine has been in extreme danger on the battlefield. At the same time, Trump has taken a stand against the use of US missiles on Russian soil. Donald Trump has said he is âstronglyâ opposed to Ukraine using US long-range missiles in Russia, while vowing not to abandon Kiev.
According to an article published by Time magazine, Donald Trump wants to back down from Joe Biden’s decision to authorize long-range strikes with US weapons on Russian territory.
Under Trump’s pressure, Israel has agreed to a ceasefire with Hezbollah. At the same time, Syrian rebels have come to over through Assad. It is noteworthy that Putin has not shown any activity to save Assad at this time. On the contrary, he has called Assad to Moscow before anyone understands anything and given him political asylum. This retreat of Russia has put Assad’s ally Iran in a terrible predicament. On the other hand, Trump has to withdraw his hands from Ukraine. Now Zelensky has no choice but to make a peace deal with Russia. Just as Russia has retreated in Syria, the United States is going to withdraw from the Ukraine war. It can be said that in exchange for Ukraine, the United States has been able to remove Putin from the Middle East.
Now let’s see why the Middle East is so valuable to the United States than Ukraine? The first reason is Israel’s position in the Middle East, and Ukraine is not as important to the United States as Israel. The war that has been going on for the past year, against Hamas and Hezbollah, has exposed many of Israel’s weaknesses. In other words, the so-called Iron Dome has failed to make Israel safe. The source of weapons for the Houthis in Yemen or Hezbollah or the anti-Israel fighters in Iraq is Russia. These weapons are going to the anti-Israel fighters through Iran with Russian technical assistance. Now if Russia stops all these supplies, then Putin will have to get something big in return.
A large part of Ukrainian land occupied by Russia. Zelensky will have to make a peace treaty with Russia by giving this land to Russia.
Israel’s interests are great precious for Trump. During this term, Trump will do everything possible for Israel’s long-term security and occupation. Saudi Arabia, once the United States’ biggest ally, has dangerously moved into Putin’s circle during Biden’s term. It has formed an alliance with the United States’ biggest enemy, Iran. In which another enemy of the United States, China, has played a role. During Trump’s previous term, Saudi Arabia was almost at the stage of normalizing relations with Israel. During Biden’s term, Saudi Arabia has moved to an anti-Israel position.
Trump will now apply various pressures on Saudi Arabia so that Saudi Arabia is able to establish normal relations with Israel – and withdraw from the demand for the establishment of an independent Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital. To keep Saudi Arabia under pressure, Iran must be weakened by any means. Now, by removing the Iranians from Syria, the United States has done the most important thing to remove Iran from the region of influence.
A large part of Syria has been occupied by Israel. Israel has destroyed almost all the Assad forces’ positions through airstrikes. Surprisingly, the ruling group in Syria is not saying anything against the Israeli attack. Perhaps they have accepted the Israeli attack. The question remains whether a pro-Israel government has come to power in Syria. After the Syrian incident, the United States and Israel are again hinting at an attack on Iran. Perhaps a terrible attack on Iran will soon occur and Iran will become a weak state. If Iran is punished, Saudi Arabia will return to the US sphere of influence.
About the author:
Sazzad Haider, Photographer Habib Raza.
Sazzad Haider is Writer & journalist, lives in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is Editor-in-Chief of Diplomatic Journal.
The Indus Water Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 and mediated by the World Bank, is a key water-sharing agreement between India and Pakistan. The Treaty allocates the use of the Indus River system, which includes six rivers flowing through the region. It allocates the Western Rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) to Pakistan and the Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India.Â
The Treaty is considered one of the most successful transboundary water-sharing agreements, as it has survived various political and military tensions between the two neighbouring nations. However, on 25 January 2023, India issued a notice to Pakistan seeking modification of the Treaty, citing Pakistanâs alleged intransigence as the primary concern. Subsequently, on 30 August 2024, India issued another notice, highlighting fundamental and unforeseen changes in circumstances as grounds for reviewing and modifying the Treaty. These notices raise significant concerns regarding their potential legal implications for the treaty. This insight delves into the legal analysis of the notices by examining the relevant provisions of international law and customary norms.
The notices sent by India to Pakistan are merely a precursor to a negotiation process and do not unilaterally modify the Treaty.
Tensions arose between the two countries over the design features of the Kishanganga (330 MW) and Ratle (850 MW) hydroelectric power plants located in India on tributaries of the Jhelum and Chenab Rivers. While the Treaty permits India to build hydroelectric facilities on these rivers, it requires compliance with design constraints and Pakistan’s approval. In 2016, Pakistan approached the World Bank, requesting the formation of a Court of Arbitration (CoA) to address its concerns over the power plants’ designs. India, however, insisted on appointing a Neutral Expert. To settle such disputes, the treaty establishes a comprehensive framework through the Permanent Indus Commission (PIC), which consists of a commissioner from each country. It categorises issues into three distinct levels: “questions” to be addressed by the Commission, “differences” to be resolved by a Neutral Expert, and “disputesâ to be referred to as a CoA. This structured approach ensures that disagreements regarding the usage of shared rivers are systematically handled. Â
However, the countries remain divided on which dispute resolution process to follow. In response, the World Bank initiated both processes simultaneously. However, India chose not to participate in the CoA proceedings, and in 2023, it issued a formal notice to Pakistan seeking to modify the Treaty.
From Indiaâs perspective, Pakistan has bypassed the Treatyâs graded dispute resolution mechanism, constituting a material breach of the agreement. Furthermore, India contends that the World Bank, under persistent pressure from Pakistan, initiated two parallel dispute resolution processesâthe CoA and the Neutral Expertâwhich risks producing conflicting outcome, which can potentially complicate the resolution of the issue. Â
On the other hand, Pakistan asserts that the hydroelectric power plants being constructed by India violate the Treaty, arguing that this issue constitutes a “dispute” rather than a mere “differenceâ. Pakistan contends that the design conflict is not solely a technical matter but also requires interpretation of the Treaty. Therefore, referring the matter to the CoA rather than a Neutral Expert, who is limited to technical assessments, is crucial. In contrast, the CoA addresses both legal and technical aspects. As a result, Pakistan maintains that the CoA is the appropriate forum for resolving this issue, as stipulated by the Treaty.Â
In response to India’s first notice, Pakistanâs Attorney General’s office confirmed that on April 5, 2023, Pakistan formally replied, expressing its willingness to address New Delhi’s concerns. Pakistan proposed that these discussions should occur within the framework of the PIC, demonstrating its commitment to resolving the matter through dialogue while upholding the Treatyâs provisions.
On 30 August 2024, India issued another notice to Pakistan, citing âfundamental and unforeseen circumstancesâ that necessitate a reassessment of the IWT. India’s concerns include population demographic shifts, environmental challenges and the ongoing impact of cross-border terrorism. In response, Pakistan expressed its willingness to engage in discussions. Foreign Office Spokesperson Mumtaz Zahra Baloch clarified Pakistanâs position, emphasising the desire to address Indiaâs concerns through the existing framework of IWT.Â
It is essential to understand that India’s notice or request for modification does not ipso facto annually amend or modify the Treaty. The Treaty itself provides a framework for modification under Article XII. It explicitly states that modification or alteration cannot occur without the agreement of both parties. Therefore, any modification to the IWT must be negotiated, drafted, and ratified by both countries to have legal standing. The Treatyâs structure ensures that no unilateral modification is possible.
Regarding annulment, customary international law supports the view that treaties of indefinite duration, such as the IWT, cannot be unilaterally terminated by one party without violating international law. Any such withdrawal would not only breach the terms of the Treaty but also constitute a gross violation of international law, as treaties of this nature are binding unless both parties agree to terminate them.
Regarding India’s claim that Pakistan has materially breached the Treaty, this can be assessed under Article 60(3) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). Article 60(3) defines a material breach as: â(i) a repudiation of the treaty not sanctioned by the present Convention; or (ii) a violation of a provision essential to the accomplishment of the object or purpose of the treaty.â In this context, Pakistanâs decision to pursue the CoA over a Neutral Expert does not meet this definition. While the choice of dispute resolution mechanism is contested, it does not violate any provision essential to fulfilling the Treatyâs objectives. Therefore, the issue remains a procedural disagreement rather than a breach of the Treatyâs core provisions.
Moreover, in its second notice, Indiaâs claim regarding fundamental changes in circumstances can be addressed through dialogue at the PIC. However, India cannot use these claims as grounds for withdrawal from the treaty. Under Article 62(1) of the VCLT, the principle of pacta sunt servandaâthe obligation to uphold treatiesâprevails, even if unforeseen circumstances arise, unless the treatyâs provisions become an undue burden on one of the parties. Currently, there is no evidence that these circumstances have created such a burden on either party.
The notices sent by India to Pakistan are merely a precursor to a negotiation process and do not unilaterally modify the Treaty. Both nations must uphold their international responsibilities and collaborate within the IWT framework to address their concerns. This landmark agreement on transboundary river systems has withstood numerous challenges and should not be altered or annulled based on political changes or personal preferences. It is essential that India and Pakistan honour their commitments and work together to preserve the Treatyâs integrity, ensuring continued cooperation and stability in their bilateral relations.
About the author:
Maham Ayaz
Maham Ayaz is a Research Associate at the Centre of Excellence for International Law (CEIL), ISSRA, NDU, specializing in Public International Law and International Humanitarian Law.
Her current work focuses on the legal aspects of transboundary water disputes, including the Indus Waters Treaty, contributing to research on complex international issues.
The Embassy of Uruguay, together with the Hispanic Association of The Hague, co-organized an event dedicated to the work of Uruguayan writer Cristina Peri Rossi, winner of the prestigious International Cervantes Prize in 2021.
The conference was very well attended, filling the room with over 70 guests, including the Ambassadors of Argentina, Chile, and Costa Rica, as well as diplomats from the Embassies of Venezuela, Ecuador, the Dominican Republic, and El Salvador. Among the attendees were Judge Graciela Gatti Santana, President of the United Nations Residual Mechanism, and Dr. Mayelinne De Lara, Director of Diplomat Magazine.
Edith Bergansius, Prof Gabriel Inzaurralde and the Ambassador of Uruguay.
The keynote speaker was Gabriel Inzaurralde, a prominent Uruguayan professor of Latin American literature at Leiden University in the Netherlands.
The event opened with remarks from Ambassador Ălvaro GonzĂĄlez Otero, who emphasized the importance of encouraging cultural dialogue as a cornerstone for promoting international peace. âWars are born in the minds of men, and it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed,â he said, quoting the UNESCO Constitution.
Ambassador GonzĂĄlez Otero also highlighted the remarkable career of Cristina Peri Rossi and expressed gratitude to Professor Inzaurralde. He gave special recognition to the Hispanic Association of The Hague for its continuous efforts to promote the Spanish language and Latin American culture in the Netherlands.
âIn the same vein,â said the Ambassador, âI wish to highlight the tremendous work of our dear Edith Bergansius, President of the Hispanic Association of The Hague. Her tireless dedication is fundamental for the promotion of Hispanic culture in the Netherlands. For over three decades, Edith has championed a wide variety of cultural and educational activities.â Bergansius has been the recipient of significant awards, including one from the Embassy of Spain and another from the Mayor of The Hague, on behalf of the King, marking the centenary of the association and recognizing her presidency since 2006.
The Ambassador of Costa Rica, H.E. Arnoldo Brenes Castro, Edith Bergansius, Presidenta de la Asociacion Hispanica de La Haya, Prof. Gabriel Inzurralde, H.E. Alvaro Gonzalez Otero, Ambassador of Uruguay and Dayana Perez Fernandez, Diplomat from the Dominican Republic.
Professor Inzaurralde, delivering his tenth conference on Latin American writers for the association, offered a thorough and engaging analysis of the life and works of Cristina Peri Rossi.
The Uruguayan writer Cristina Peri Rossi was forced to leave her country for political reasons in 1972 and never returned to live in Uruguay. Her writing initially presents itself as an effort against transienceâa record that captures moments, treasures memories, and resists oblivion. At the same time, Peri Rossi crafts her words to create an alternative space for the circulation of desire. In the concept of exile, both tendencies converge: memory and dissident eroticism. Drawing on excerpts from her novels and short stories, and by exploring her poetic and political work, Professor Inzaurralde discussed themes of travel and distance, sex and despair.
Born in Montevideo in 1941, Peri Rossi has lived in exile in Spain since 1972 following the rise of the dictatorship in Uruguay at the time. True to his engaging lecture style, Professor Inzaurralde involved the audience in a dynamic exploration of Peri Rossi’s career, personal journey, and literary works, including La nave de los locos. Thought-provoking discussions arose: How did exile and her sexuality influence Peri Rossi’s life? Would these same conditions impact a writer today? Can exile, love, and memory coexist in our contemporary world?
“According to the World Bank,” the ambassador quoted in his speech, “Uruguay stands out in Latin America for being an egalitarian society, for its high per capita income and for its low poverty levels. In relative terms, its middle class is the largest in the Americas and the Caribbean and represents 60% of its population. It is known for being the country of the mate, for the excellence of its meats and wines, and for being the place where the first soccer world cup was held and for having the longest carnival in the worldâ. He closed his speech by inviting those present to visit Uruguay.
The event concluded with a lively reception, where the Embassy of Uruguay treated attendees to empanadas, alfajores, and excellent Uruguayan wines. The gathering provided an excellent opportunity for participants to share reflections and express appreciation for both the Embassy of Uruguay and the Hispanic Association of The Hague for organizing such a captivating and enriching event.
