Where Truth Begins

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Where Truth Begins

Interview with ICMP Director-General Kathryne Bomberger
Highlighting ICMP’s human rights-centered mission to account for the missing

With more than three decades of experience at the forefront of post-conflict recovery, Director-General Kathryne Bomberger leads the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) — the only international organization exclusively dedicated to addressing the issue of missing persons through a rule-of-law-based approach. Headquartered in The Hague since its establishment as a treaty-based intergovernmental organization in 2015, ICMP is playing a crucial role in some of the world’s most pressing humanitarian and justice-related crises — from Ukraine and Syria to the Western Balkans, Vietnam, and Iraq.

In this exclusive interview, Director-General Bomberger discusses how ICMP’s advanced forensic capabilities, its upgraded DNA laboratories, and its integrated data systems are transforming the global response to enforced disappearances, war crimes, migration crises, and climate-driven disasters. She also reflects on ICMP’s post-conflict efforts in Syria following the fall of the Assad regime, and outlines her vision for building a truly global standing capacity to respond to mass disappearances — one rooted in international cooperation, justice, and the rights of families.

As the world marks 30 years since the Srebrenica Genocide and faces the highest number of conflicts since 1946, ICMP’s work is more vital than ever. In December 2024, the Conference of States Parties to the ICMP Treaty convened at the Peace Palace in The Hague to adopt key amendments, reinforcing ICMP’s global mandate and strengthening mechanisms for states to join its mission. The path forward is clear: no one should remain missing — and no family should be left without answers.

Global Mission and Priorities

ICMP’s mandate is unique in the international system. What are the organization’s current global priorities, and how are you addressing today’s most urgent missing persons cases?

ICMP’s mandate is to secure the cooperation of governments and others in locating missing persons from conflict, human rights abuses, manmade and natural disasters, organized crime, irregular migration and other causes where persons go missing for involuntary reasons and to assist them in doing so.

This means we are helping governments to meet their obligations under international and domestic law to locate missing persons and investigate their disappearances, so that the rights of families of the missing, including the right to the truth, the right to justice and the right to reparations, are secured. 

The priority is to help states build institutional, legal and technical frameworks to find large numbers of missing persons. This must be done in a manner that adheres to the rule of law, and in ICMP’s decades of experience in different parts of the world, it will only be done successfully if families of the missing are front and center of the process. 

Today, ICMP has programs in several regions where the scale and complexity of missing persons cases require immediate and coordinated responses.

In Ukraine, we are supporting the national authorities by deploying forensic experts, conducting DNA identifications at our laboratories in The Hague, and facilitating data coordination through ICMP’s Integrated Data Management System (iDMS).  ICMP has signed agreements with responsible ministries and state institutions and with CSOs, and has developed a five-year strategy to help the authorities develop an effective, long-term missing persons process. Since the end of 2022 it has been delivering training and providing equipment to forensic bureaus in the country and working with CSOs and family associations to help them develop an effective voice and play a central role in the process. 

Since 2017, ICMP has been working to lay the groundwork for a missing persons process in Syria, collaborating with Syrian families of the missing, civil society organizations and international partners. This includes collecting data from Syrian families inside and outside Syria, and developing legislative proposals that can be implemented following the collapse of the Assad Regime.  Following the fall of Damascus on 8 December 2024, ICMP is now working in Syria to help the country build its capacity to find hundreds of thousands of missing persons.

In collaboration with the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology and other institutions in Vietnam, ICMP is helping to develop advanced DNA identification techniques, as well as expanding domestic forensic capacity, establishing centralized data systems, and delivering specialized training.

In Iraq, ICMP is working closely with the authorities and families of the missing to develop effective strategies to locate all missing persons, regardless of the time period or the circumstances in which they went missing, as well as supporting legislative and institutional initiatives and delivering specialized training.

ICMP has helped the countries in the Western Balkans to account for more than 75 percent of the 40,000 people who went missing in the conflicts of the 1990s. This month’s 30th anniversary of the Srebrenica Genocide is a significant reminder of the importance of this work, which has underpinned efforts to secure justice and support reconciliation in the region.

ICMP is also monitoring emerging crises, in places such as Sudan and Gaza, where it can help account for the huge number of people who have disappeared.

Technology, Innovation, and Expanded Capacity

ICMP is recognized for its cutting-edge DNA technology and forensic capabilities. With the recent renovation and expansion of your headquarters and DNA labs in The Hague, how has your operational capacity improved, and how do you see technological innovation shaping your future work?

We’re incredibly proud of our recently upgraded state-of-the-art DNA laboratories in The Hague. The laboratories are accredited under ISO 17025. Using advanced technologies such as Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), ICMP scientists can recover DNA from even the most compromised post-mortem samples.

To date, ICMP has processed more than 77,000 post‑mortem samples, delivering more than 43,000 DNA matches. Thanks to our fully integrated operational structure, we maintain a standing forensic capacity that can be rapidly deployed in response to crises anywhere in the world.

In Vietnam, where ICMP is implementing a two-year ODA project with the Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), ICMP and IBT scientists have developed advanced DNA extraction and NGS capabilities for identifying human remains from the Vietnam-American War, which ended 50 years ago this year. This project will help Vietnam to account for very large numbers of missing persons, in some cases making identifications based on DNA profiles separated by as many as four generations.

ICMP’s forensic archaeology and anthropology work has a comprehensive portfolio of specialized operations that support investigations into missing persons cases, including conducting desk-based analyses and evaluating data, analyzing aerial imagery, conducting on-site landscape assessments, undertaking site investigations, undertaking excavation, recovery, and documentation, processing, examining and analyzing human remains, conducting mortuary assessments, including cause and manner of death, reviewing complex cases by combining DNA matches with anthropological re-examination, integrating analytical results and findings to support investigations, and developing and delivering practical and classroom-based training programs.

ICMP’s Data Systems and Data Coordination program develops and operates global missing persons data processing systems that optimize the availability and quality of data and ensure effective processing of large quantities of data and maintenance of chain of evidence.

ICMP’s Wim Kok Center for Excellence and Learning, supports knowledge sharing with partners – from families of the missing to forensic experts to government officials. 

Kathryne Bomberger, ICMP Director-General

Rule of Law and Justice

How does ICMP ensure that efforts to locate the missing are not only humanitarian but also contribute to justice, accountability, and the rule of law?

It is important to clarify that missing persons is fundamentally a human rights issue.  The obligation to conduct comprehensive and effective investigations of human rights abuses lies with the State, regardless of who committed the violations and abuses (State or non-State actors). Failure to investigate the fate and whereabouts of missing persons in an effective way, including the circumstances of their disappearance, can constitute a continuing breach of fundamental human rights of both the missing persons and their family members.  ICMP’s mandate is anchored in advancing justice and strengthening the rule of law.

We collaborate with governments to develop and enhance legal frameworks that uphold the rights of families. For example, in Ukraine, the Unified Register of Persons Missing in Special Circumstances now has information on more than 70,000 missing individuals. The introduction of the iDMS, provided by ICMP, is expected to facilitate efficient data sharing, which in turn will increase the number of identifications and support investigations into the causes of disappearance. This will help the Ukrainian authorities to meet their legal obligations to families of the missing.

In Armenia and Azerbaijan, ICMP is helping the authorities to enhance technical and operational provisions to account for missing persons.  Our hope is to help the two countries replicate the Missing Persons Group mechanism created by the countries in the former Yugoslavia in 2018, whereby Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro and Serbia cooperate in locating missing persons, including through a shared regional database of active cases.  

ICMP’s DNA laboratories provide scientifically validated evidence that is admissible in courts. ICMP forensic analysis has been presented in international and domestic war crimes trials, including cases before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals.

In 2016, ICMP and the International Criminal Court (ICC), signed a Memorandum of Understanding to strengthen cooperation in locating and identifying missing persons, ensuring that efforts are aligned with international legal standards and contribute to the broader goals of justice and accountability.

ICMP empowers civil society organizations (CSOs) and family associations to seek justice, by providing training and grants. Its holistic approach ensures that efforts to locate and identify missing persons uphold human rights and serve as a crucial component of justice, accountability, and the rule of law.

Partnerships and Capacity Building

ICMP works closely with governments, international courts, and civil society. Could you elaborate on how these partnerships strengthen your mission in regions like the Western Balkans, MENA, and Latin America?

Addressing the issue of missing persons requires a collaborative approach. Our partnerships with governments, international organizations, CSOs and judicial bodies facilitate ICMP’s capacity to implement its rights-based mandate. In 2016, ICMP launched the Interagency Committee on Missing Persons (IAC) at the UN Security Council in New York.  The IAC brings together international and other organizations to discuss data-sharing modalities, in particular concerning cases of unidentified human remains and missing persons reports by families, in order to develop interagency solutions. Participating organizations include the European Commission, EUROJUST, EUROPOL, the International Criminal Court, the International Committee of the Red Cross, INTERPOL, the International Organization for Migration, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, and the UN Children’s Fund.

In the Western Balkans, ICMP actively supports regional cooperation through the Missing Persons Group (MPG), which brings together domestic institutions and family associations to foster dialogue and collaboration. 

In Iraq, for example, ICMP’s collaboration with the Martyrs’ Foundation and the Ministry of Justice led to the establishment of a National Committee on Missing Persons and the creation of a National Central Record in 2024, while ICMP’s support for CSOs has raised awareness and increased the capacity of families to play a leading role in the process.

ICMP has worked with governments and CSOs in Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Brazil, providing technical assistance in DNA identification and data management, and supporting the role of families of the missing.

Syria Program – Post-Conflict Opportunities

ICMP has worked for years with Syrian families of the missing. In light of possible political changes or even regime collapse, how is ICMP preparing to expand its efforts in Syria and ensure justice and identification for thousands of disappeared persons?

The issue of the missing in Syria is a profound human rights crisis that demands urgent attention. More than 150,000 people may have disappeared during decades of repression and conflict due to enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention, and other human rights violations.

Since 2016, ICMP has been developing the groundwork for a comprehensive and sustainable missing persons process that can now be implemented. Our Syria program focuses on data collection and coordination, capacity building, and fostering international cooperation.

ICMP has facilitated discussions among Syrian families of the missing, CSOs, and international agencies to develop a safe and functional system. ICMP’s iDMS holds data from almost 80,000 relatives who have reported almost 30,000 people missing from Syria. Data, including genetic reference samples, has been collected from the Syrian Diaspora and from those areas of Syria that were not under the control of the Assad Regime. Additionally, ICMP has received reports concerning the location of 71 potential mass graves sites and two detention sites, which are crucial for forensic investigations and legal proceedings.  

Recognizing the key role of Syrian families of the missing and CSOs, ICMP has conducted numerous seminars and training sessions. In 2023 alone, 253 outreach seminars were organized for more than 4,200 family members. As a majority of those who are missing are male, a focus has been on helping to empower female survivors, especially through participation in data collection processes, and using ICMP’s Online Inquiry Center (OIC) and iDMS.

Starting this year, following the fall of Damascus, ICMP began working in Syria. In May 2025, the Syrian government established the National Commission for the Missing, a significant step towards addressing the fate of missing persons. ICMP is recommending that the National  Commission, together with Syrian families of the missing, CSOs, and international organizations, including the UN Independent Institution on Missing Persons (IIMP), ICMP, the ICRC and others, develop a strategy for the missing persons process in Syria that includes how data concerning missing persons will be collected and what a future central record or shared data system will look like. 

ICMP stands ready to provide technical and advisory assistance to support the National Commission’s efforts in investigating cases of enforced disappearances and establishing a national database.

ICMP is collaborating with all stakeholders, including the newly formed transitional bodies, to establish a credible and impartial process for locating and identifying missing persons in Syria.

Challenges and Future Outlook

What are the biggest challenges facing ICMP today? And what is your vision for the organization in the next five to ten years?

The biggest challenges to addressing this issue include political obstacles, a lack of global understanding about the nature and importance of the missing persons issue, and – as a consequence of this – difficulties in securing adequate funding for programs to account for the missing. These challenges are compounded by the erosion of confidence in – and commitment to uphold – the rules-based international order.

The challenges have increased at the same time that the number of missing persons around the world has increased. Political instability and conflict, climate change, and organized crime are among the causes of a global rise in the number of people going missing. The Norwegian Peace Research Council reports that the figures are higher today than at any time since 1946.

A vision for the next five to ten years is to ensure that the world is prepared to take on the challenge it faces.  We are all affected by the issue.  Each calamity is an international one.  ICMP’s mandate is to ensure the cooperation of governments, so more governments need to cooperate – and that is one reason we are encouraging more governments to accede to the ICMP Treaty and become States Parties.  Our global membership needs to increase.

Over the next decade, we will seek to expand our global footprint, reaching more countries and regions affected by the issue of missing persons. We will strengthen cooperation with governments, with civil society, and with other international organizations to help them create and sustain effective missing persons programs.

Technological and scientific progress will continue to lead ICMP’s efforts. We are investing in cutting-edge DNA technology, advanced data management systems such as the iDMS, and forensic innovation: by doing this we can increase the scale, speed, and accuracy of identifications.

ICMP is proposing to establish a Crisis Response Platform (CRP), which will enable an increasing number of developed and developing countries to strengthen and expand their capacity to respond to large-scale missing persons scenarios. It will endeavor to do this through the rational and collective allocation of funds to establish the ICMP Crisis Response Platform and make it a global resource on which countries can draw when the need arises.

Ultimately, we are working toward a world where the right to truth, justice, and accountability for missing persons is universally upheld.

Meeting of Competitiveness Ministers

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Meeting of Competitiveness Ministers

EU Ministers of the areas of research, internal market and industry meet from 16 to 18 July 2025 in Copenhagen.

The meetings on Wednesday and Thursday dedicated to research are chaired by Christina EGELUND, Minister for Higher Education and Science of Denmark, and the meetings on Thursday and Friday dedicated to internal market and industry are chaired by Morten BØDSKOV, Minister for Industry, Business and Financial Affairs of Denmark.

Ministers gather to discuss the contribution of research and innovation to European competitiveness, including the importance of critical technologies, and to address issues such as developing Europe’s industrial base, promoting critical technologies and accelerating innovation.

Egypt Celebrates National Day in The Hague

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Egypt Celebrates National Day in The Hague

On the occasion of Egypt’s National Day, H.E. Ambassador Emad Magdy Hanna Kamel and Mrs. Kamel graciously hosted a diplomatic reception at the residence of the Arab Republic of Egypt in The Hague. The celebration marked the 73rd anniversary of the July 23rd Revolution, ushering in a new era for modern Egypt.

The event brought together a distinguished gathering of ambassadors, heads of international organizations, and Dutch officials. Among the notable attendees were the Honorable Mr. Jan van Zanen, Mayor of The Hague; H.E. Mr. Maarten Boef, Foreign Policy & Defense Advisor to the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; and H.E. Ambassador Guusje Altes, Director of the North Africa and Middle East Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Ambassador Kamel and wife together with the Mayor of The Hague, Mr Jan van Zanen and the Egyptian Military Attache and his wife.

In his address, Ambassador Kamel reflected on Egypt’s journey and its vision for the future:

“Egypt today is a nation of resilience and ambition, rooted in a rich heritage … and committed to a future of inclusive development. From leading climate diplomacy in COP27, to advancing infrastructure and regional integration, to preserving cultural heritage by presenting to the world its new GEM, the Grand Egyptian Museum, Egypt remains at the forefront of regional transformation.”

The Ambassador highlighted the dynamic and enduring relationship between Egypt and the Netherlands, anchored in mutual respect and growing cooperation. He pointed to longstanding collaborations in water, energy, and food security as successful examples of bilateral synergy:

“Next year, we shall celebrate 50 years of cooperation in the field of water management between our two countries. In addition, a Partnership for International Business collaboration has been established, reflecting the significant opportunities for joint work in the horticulture sector. Furthermore, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Suez Canal Economic Zone and the Port of Rotterdam, marking the beginning of an intensive collaboration in the energy sector, with a particular focus on green hydrogen.”

Ambassador Kamel with religious and military representatives.

Ambassador Kamel also noted Egypt’s strong engagement in international climate diplomacy:

“Egypt participated with a high-level delegation in Rotterdam’s World Hydrogen Summit in May 2025, and organized a well-attended and highly engaging roundtable on waste management with significant Dutch participation, on its sideline.”

He praised the continued momentum in bilateral relations, reflected in high-level visits and meetings, culminating in several recent phone calls between President El-Sisi and Prime Minister Schoof. These were preceded by the visit of Mr. Caspar Veldkamp, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, to Egypt in November 2024, and followed by other ministerial visits.

“Moreover, there has also been reciprocal visits during the past months, notably the valuable participation of the Mayor of The Hague in the World Urban Forum, held in Cairo in November 2024, as well as political consultations at the level of Assistant Ministers of Foreign Affairs, which were held in June 2025 in The Hague, followed by a bilateral migration dialogue last week in Cairo.
As part of our ongoing efforts to strengthen bilateral ties, the Embassy continues to prioritize the enhancement of cooperation between the legislative bodies of Egypt and the Netherlands. We are committed to fostering deeper engagement between the two parliaments, encouraging dialogue, mutual understanding, and parliamentary diplomacy.”

On the regional front, the Ambassador addressed Egypt’s commitment to peace and humanitarian support in the Middle East:

“Egypt remains deeply concerned by the ongoing humanitarian catastrophe unfolding in the Gaza Strip. The war has brought unimaginable suffering to the Palestinian people. Thousands of innocent lives have been lost, families displaced, and an entire population pushed to the brink of starvation and despair.”

“Egypt spared no effort in supporting the Palestinian people during the ongoing crisis in Gaza. Through the Rafah crossing, Egypt has facilitated the delivery of essential humanitarian aid and medical supplies, while also receiving and treating injured Palestinians in Egyptian hospitals. Firm in its principles, Egypt has consistently rejected any attempts to forcibly displace Palestinians from their land or diminish the scope of their just cause.”

He emphasized Egypt’s leadership at the March 2025 Arab Summit in Cairo, where Egypt reaffirmed its support for Palestinian ownership and sustainable humanitarian solutions:

“In collaboration with regional and international partners, Egypt continues its tireless efforts to achieve a sustainable ceasefire and pave the way for a just and lasting resolution to the conflict, through the establishment of an independent Palestinian state along the June 4, 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital.”

Winning a ticket to Egypt at the Egyptian National Day reception.

Then the Ambassador addressed his fellow compatriots. The evening concluded with warm exchanges between Egyptian diplomats, Dutch officials, and members of the international community. Guests were treated to a variety of traditional Egyptian delicacies, including beloved sweets like baklava.

As always, Egypt charmed with its unique blend of timeless cultural heritage and modernity.

75th Anniversary of China–Denmark Diplomatic Relations

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75th Anniversary of China–Denmark Diplomatic Relations

On 17 July 2025, to mark the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Denmark, China Eastern Airlines inaugurated its new Shanghai–Copenhagen route with a grand ceremony at Copenhagen Airport. The launch includes three weekly flights—set to expand to four—and features a full-service experience aboard the Airbus A330-200, symbolizing a significant new “air bridge” between the two countries.

Flight MU707 received a festive welcome with a traditional water salute upon arrival at 19:00 local time. The exclusive inauguration ceremony was attended by dignitaries, including Chinese Ambassador H.E. Wang Xuefeng, who emphasized the flight’s role in enhancing cooperation, friendship, and commercial exchange. The route is expected to strengthen ties in business, tourism, culture, and trade.

H.E. Wang Xuefeng and wife with the Captain and flight Crew of MU 707. Photo Hasse Ferrold

This new connection complements broader diplomatic celebrations, reinforcing the enduring partnership between China and Denmark on this historic anniversary.

Where Food Becomes a Bridge – Notes from a Diplomatic Kitchen

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Where Food Becomes a Bridge – Notes from a Diplomatic Kitchen

By Kamil Piasecki

Some people choose cooking for the flavours. Others for the art. I chose it for something simple: the joy of giving. The joy of watching people feel at home, cared for, understood – through a plate of food.

I never planned to cook for presidents, ambassadors, and heads of state. But life, as it often does, had better plans. Today, I believe that food is not only nourishment, but a powerful and silent language – one that transcends borders, beliefs, and politics.

More Than Catering: The Craft of Diplomatic Cuisine

Cooking for diplomats is not the same as cooking in a regular restaurant. It’s not only about taste – it’s about respect, understanding, timing, and culture.

Every dish must be technically perfect, but also reflect sensitivity to religious, political, and personal preferences. No pork here, no garlic there; one guest is vegan, another allergic to shellfish; a third grew up with a specific spice blend that evokes memories of home.

In this world, there is no room for improvisation – but neither is there room for artificiality. The dishes must speak honestly, elegantly, and clearly. In simplicity, I’ve often found the greatest elegance.

A Quiet Role in High-Level Conversations

During official dinners, no one looks at the chef. And that’s okay. But I know that a warm, comforting dish can ease tension faster than a formal speech. A single, memorable flavour can soften the tone of a meeting or help seal an agreement.

I’ve witnessed how good food – humble but heartfelt – can shift the atmosphere in a room full of decision-makers.

I once cooked for a delicate and confidential gathering between Indian and Pakistani delegates in a European embassy. I served a simple vegetarian samosa, filled with smoked Polish cheese and spiced potatoes. After the meal, both sides came into the kitchen – smiling, saying it tasted like home. That moment, though modest, reminded me why I love what I do.

Challenges of the Craft

There’s no space for mistakes when cooking for people who represent nations and worldviews. Every detail matters – from the first amuse-bouche to the final note of dessert.

Beyond culinary skill, this work requires emotional intelligence, cultural awareness, and immense humility. And let’s not forget the team. No service would be complete without the waiters, the assistants – all of whom help deliver not just plates, but peace and presence. We work in silence, but we are part of the dialogue.

From Polish Kitchens to European Embassies

I started with nothing – no connections, no roadmap. Just passion and the willingness to work hard. I washed floors, flipped pancakes, watched, listened, learned. I worked with butchers and bakers, noted techniques and habits, accepted praise, and embraced criticism.

Eventually, I earned my chef diploma, worked abroad, and slowly built my own business.

Today, my company Restaurant at Home caters for embassies and institutions across Europe. I’ve had the honour of receiving a national distinction from the President of Poland for my work abroad.

But the greatest reward? Being able to tell stories of my homeland through food – with Polish geese from Leszno, cabbage from Sieradz, wild mushrooms from near Zielona Góra… It’s all still there, on every plate.

The Table as a Bridge

In a world too often divided by politics, food remains one of the last true connectors. One plate can say more than a hundred speeches. One warm meal can turn strangers into neighbours. That’s the kind of diplomacy I believe in – and the kind of world I want to help build. One dish at a time…..

P.S. Please forgive any linguistic imperfections – I am not a writer, but a chef. I do my best with words, but my true language is food. Thank you for your understanding and kindness. 🙂

About the author: Kamil Piasecki is a Chef & Owner of Restaurant at Home

Luxembourg National Day  2025

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Luxembourg National Day  2025

By Roy Lie Atjam

To celebrate the National Day of Luxembourg, H.E. Mr. Mike Hentges, the Ambassador of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, hosted a delightful reception and garden barbecue on Tuesday, June 17, 2025, at his residence in The Hague. The barbecue featured delicious Luxembourg delicacies and music (Musek, Gegrills, Béier) creating a friendly and relaxed atmosphere for everyone to enjoy on a sunny summer afternoon. H.E. Mr. Mike Hentges warmly welcomed all his guests with a deep felt message in Lëtzebuergesch, Dutch and English.

“My team, Michèle and I are happy to welcome you again for the Luxembourg National Day Barbecue. It’s again been a busy year in The Hague, and also for our Embassy.” Ambassador began by saying.

“As highlights I would like to mention in particular the visit of Prime Minister Schoof to Luxembourg, the third working visit of Prime Minister Frieden to The Netherlands, this time to Eindhoven in particular, only a few weeks ago, as well as the 2nd working visit within a year of Minister of the Interior and Immigration Leon Gloden.”

“And we are not done yet: next week The Hague will of course host the NATO Summit, Luxembourg will host the Benelux Summit in summer, and a trade mission from Luxembourg, focusing inter alia on the tech, defense and automotive sectors, will come to Eindhoven and Rotterdam in October.”

The Ambassador also touched upon a historic transition for the Grand Duchy, “And not to forget, on October 3rd of course, the upcoming abdication by HRH Grand Duke Henri and intronization of his son Guillaume as Luxembourg’s next head of State, at which Their Majesties King Willem-Alexander and Queen Maxima will honour us with their presence.

Because indeed, after 25 years of reign, His Royal Highness Grand Duke Henri has decided that it is time for a new generation to step up. One of his last trips abroad as head of State two weeks ago was to lead a large ministerial and economic delegation to Japan, and more precisely to Osaka, where he attended Luxembourg Day at the World Expo 2025.”

“His son Prince Guillaume, at 43 years old, and Princess Stéphanie, stand ready to take over. The new Grand Ducal couple sees its rol anchored in tradition while looking towards the future. The future Grand Duke is committed to the tradition of serving the country and will emphasize social cohesion in a multicultural country like the Grand Duchy, firmly tied to Europe. Openness is a physical and economic reality, but more importantly, it is a state of mind, as Luxembourg envisions its future only at the heart of a united Europe.”

“While we are looking forward to celebrating this happy occasion, and while relations between Luxembourg and The Netherlands are going strong, geopolitical tensions seem to worsen by the week, and the rules- based multilateral order, which constitutes the cornerstone of our foreign policy for both The Netherlands and Luxembourg, is fighting for its survival.

War is back on the European continent, and Ukraine, which has chosen for itself and its children the path of European integration and European values, as well as aspiring to membership of the transatlantic alliance, again by its own democratic choice, has been the subject of a brutal war of aggression for more than 3 years now. Luxembourg, just like The Netherlands, stands and will stand with Ukraine, and will continue to support it on the quest for a just and lasting peace, and on its way to EU membership.

In the Middle East we have witnessed several tragedies: the unspeakably brutal terror attack by Hamas on October 7th 2023, which killed almost 1200 Israelis, followed by the abduction of 251 hostages, dozens of which are still held in Gaza under appalling conditions. A humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza, which has hit Palestinian children especially hard. An escalation of tensions between Iran and Israel, where a return to the negotiating table to provide diplomatic solutions to the legitimate concerns raised by Iran’s nuclear programme is of utmost importance.

As I mentioned earlier, the rules-based multilateral world order is threatened like never before since World War 2. Luxembourg is convinced that a might-makes-right or purely power based order will not only leave smaller countries and vulnerable populations worse off, but will be a fundamental risk for the whole of humanity.

A few days ago we celebrated the 40th anniversary of the signature of the Treaty of Schengen. Free movement across borders within the Schengen Area has become one of the most visible and concrete achievements of European integration. Like many in their 40ies, Schengen might need a checkup… maybe ditch some bad habits and become a bit more principled in the enforcement of self-imposed rules. It goes to say that for Luxembourg, where around 45% of the labour force crosses the border from France, Belgium and Germany every day, a well-functioning Schengen area is of vital interest. But beyond that I firmly believe that a well-functioning Schengen area is of vital interest to the European Union as a whole, to its citizens and to its internal market.

As you might know Schengen is also an actual town (or rather village) in the winemaking Moselle region in Eastern Luxembourg. And in case you are currently holding a glass of white wine in your hand, it’s a Chateau de Schengen.

So let me invite you to taste a few gastronomic delights from Luxembourg: typical Luxembourgish sausages, beef brochettes, Gromperekichelcher, a kind of waffle made of potatoes, onions and parsley, Riesling wine and crémant from Schengen, and beer from my own native town Esch-sur-Alzette.

And before listening to the National anthems. let me take this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to my small but hardworking team: Cathy, Johanna, Cirila, Romeo, Charlotte and Matthew. In this spirit, dear friends, let me raise my glass to the friendship between Luxembourg and The Netherlands, as well as to Grand Duke Henri and King Willem-Alexander. Cheers!.”

European Operation Dismantles Hacktivist Group Behind DDoS Attacks

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European Operation Dismantles Hacktivist Group Behind DDoS Attacks

Twelve countries, in coordination with Eurojust and Europol, have dismantled the hacktivist group NoName057(16), responsible for numerous distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks on critical infrastructure—including power suppliers and public transport—across Europe. On 15 July, authorities shut down a global botnet involving hundreds of systems and identified eight suspects, including key figures residing in the Russian Federation.

NoName057(16) has professed support for the Russian Federation since the start of the war of aggression against Ukraine. Since the start of the war, it has executed multiple DDoS attacks against critical infrastructure during high-level (political) events. The group has also exhibited anti-NATO and anti-U.S. sentiment. During a DDoS attack, a website or online service is flooded with traffic, overloading its capacity and thus making it unavailable. The hacktivist group has executed 14 attacks in Germany, some of them lasting multiple days and affecting around 230 organisations including arms factories, power suppliers and government organisations. Attacks were also executed across Europe during the European elections. In Sweden, authorities and bank websites were targeted, while in Switzerland multiple attacks were carried out during a video message given by the Ukrainian President to the Joint Parliament in June 2023, and during the Peace Summit for Ukraine in June 2024. Most recently, the Netherlands was targeted during the NATO Summit at the end of June.

To execute their attacks, the group recruited supporters through a messaging service. It is estimated that the hackers were able to mobilise around 4000 users who supported their operations by downloading malware that made it possible for them to participate in the DDoS attacks. The group also built its own botnet using hundreds of servers around the world that increased the attack load, causing more damage.

Coordination of the many international partners was crucial for the success of the operation. Through Eurojust, authorities were able to coordinate their findings and plan an action day to target the hacktivist group. The Agency ensured that multiple European Investigation Orders and Mutual Legal Assistance processes were executed. During the action day on 15 July, Eurojust coordinated any last-minute judicial requests that were needed during the operation.

Europol facilitated the information exchange, supported the coordination of the operational activities and provided extended operational analytical support, as well as crypto tracing and forensic support during the lent of the investigation, and coordinated the prevention and awareness raising campaign, released to unidentified yet offenders via messaging apps and social media channels. During the action day, Europol set-up a Command Post at Europol’s headquarters and made available a Virtual Command post for online connection with the in-person Command.

The investigation culminated in an action day on 15 July where actions targeting the group took place in eight countries. Authorities were able to disrupt of over 100 servers worldwide. Searches took place in 24 places across Germany, Spain, Italy, Czechia, Poland and France to gather evidence for the investigation. Additionally, authorities informed the group and 1100 supporters and 17 administrators about the measures taken and the criminal liability they bear for their actions. International arrest warrants have been issued for eight suspects. Germany issued six warrants for the main suspects living in the Russian Federations. Two suspects are accused of being the main instigators responsible for the activities of NoName057(16). Photos and descriptions of some of the suspects can be found on the websites of Europol and Interpol.

The following authorities were involved in the actions:

  • Czechia: District Prosecutor’s Office of Prague 5; Police, National Counterterrorism, Extremism and Cybercrime Agency (NCTEKK)
  • Estonia: Estonian Police and Border Guard Board
  • Germany: Prosecutor General’s Office Frankfurt am Main – Cyber Crime Centre; Federal Office of Police fedpol
  • Finland: Prosecution District of Southern Finland; National Bureau of Investigation – Cybercrime Investigation Unit
  • France: Paris Public Prosecutor’s Office – National Jurisdiction against Organised Crime (JUNALCO) ; National Cyber Unit of the Gendarmerie nationale
  • Latvia: State Police of Latvia – International Cooperation Department & Cybercrime Enforcement Department
  • Lithuania: Prosecutor General’s Office of Lithuania; Lithuanian Criminal Police Bureau
  • Netherlands: Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Netherlands and Police of the Netherlands
  • Spain: Investigative Central Court nr. 1 Audiencia Nacional; Audiencia Nacional Prosecutor´s Offices; National Police
  • Sweden: Polisen
  • Switzerland: Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland; Federal Office of the Police
  • United States: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) xt

UK Government launches new FoRB strategy

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UK Government launches new FoRB strategy

CSW (11.07.2025) – CSW welcomes the launch of the UK government’s new Freedom of Religion or Belief (FoRB) Strategy, announced by Special Envoy David Smith at the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) on Tuesday 8 July. 

The strategy outlines a five-point approach to promoting and protecting the right to FoRB globally, with ten priority countries identified for targeted action, namely Afghanistan, Algeria, China, India, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Syria, Ukraine and Vietnam.

The launch was attended by parliamentarians, civil society organisations and diplomatic representatives. The strategy was generally welcomed as a timely and necessary initiative to reinvigorate the UK’s role in championing FoRB globally. 

Speaking at the event, Special Envoy Smith stated: ‘We must mainstream FoRB into the UK’s foreign policy. This means a proactive approach that works with countries and challenges practices which repress religious communities. This also means ensuring FoRB is integrated into our diplomacy, development work, and trade relationships.’ 

Smith emphasised the importance of collaborative partnerships, pledging that desk officers working across these priority regions will actively engage with civil society organisations, faith actors, and FoRB advocates to ensure the strategy is implemented effectively. 

He also stressed that the FCDO would continue to engage with other situations where FoRB is under threat or severely violated: ‘It is important to say that a more targeted approach does not limit us. […] I will be championing FoRB for all wherever and whenever I can.’ 

The five-point plan involves upholding and maintaining support for international standards for FoRB within multilateral fora; achieving better outcomes through targeted bilateral engagement; broadening impact by strengthening coalitions for affective action; mainstreaming FoRB and wider human rights considerations across UK foreign policy; and strengthening and widening engagement with civil society. 

CSW’s Parliamentary Liaison Officer Chibuzor Tina Amadi said: ‘CSW welcomes the Special Envoy’s strategic approach to embedding FoRB considerations more intentionally within the UK’s foreign policy. The prioritisation of key countries where FoRB violations are widespread and systemic, and where the UK’s interventions can be most effective, provides a critical focus for ongoing government engagement. We also welcome the express commitment to champion FoRB in countries not included in the list where the right is violated egregiously.

This must go beyond reactive diplomacy. FoRB considerations should be integral to how the UK engages globally – not just in humanitarian aid, but also in areas such as trade, security cooperation, and development partnerships. In regions where violations are most acute, the UK must use every possible lever to ensure that the right to freedom of religion or belief is respected, protected and promoted as a matter of urgency. CSW remains committed to working with the UK government, alongside other stakeholders, as it ensures the effective implementation of this new strategy.’ 

C asean Consonant Celebrates a Decade of Harmony through Music

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C asean Consonant Celebrates a Decade of Harmony through Music

Bringing ASEAN’s Cultural Spirit to World Expo 2025 Bangkok, Thailand (14 July 2025)

 C asean Consonant, ASEAN’s one and only traditional music ensemble, proudly celebrates a decade of uniting the region through the universal language of music. Adding to this milestone, the ensemble is honored to have been officially invited by the ASEAN Secretariat to represent ASEAN at World Expo 2025 in Osaka, Japan, where they will proudly portray ASEAN’s unity and cultural identity on the global stage during the prestigious ASEAN Day Celebration on 8 August 2025.

Founded in 2015,  C asean Consonant brings together 10 talented musicians from 10 ASEAN nations to co-create mesmerizing performances using traditional instruments. The ensemble’s mission is to foster friendship, cultural understanding, and unity through music, inspiring new generations to appreciate ASEAN’s rich cultural heritage.

In celebration of this remarkable journey, and ahead of their World Expo appearance,  C asean Consonant will host an exclusive concert in Bangkok: “A Decade of Harmony, A Journey to World Expo” Saturday, 2 August 2025 C asean Auditorium, CW Tower, Bangkok This Bangkok concert will offer an exclusive opportunity to experience the unique sounds of ASEAN live before the ensemble takes the global stage in Osaka.

Dr Hadi Farajvand, Iranian Ambassador to the Netherlands

Diplomat Magazine
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Dr Hadi Farajvand, Iranian Ambassador to the Netherlands

“Weapons of mass destruction are prohibited in Islam”

By Eric van de Beek

Nuclear facilities in Iran are “severely damaged,” says Iran’s ambassador, Dr. Hadi Farajvand. He blames the International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA , the European Union and the Netherlands for not condemning the Israeli and American attacks. Iran denies developing a nuclear weapon. Farajvand stresses that even the U.S. intelligence community and the IAEA have indicated that there is no evidence of an Iranian nuclear weapons program.

Israel launched an attack on Iran last month, just before Iran was scheduled to meet the United States again to negotiate a new nuclear deal. Israel did not want to wait for the outcome. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) had raised the alarm about Iran’s nuclear programme. The country was reportedly enriching uranium in larger quantities and to a higher percentage than were necessary for peaceful purposes, such as nuclear power plants. Israel’s attack did not go unanswered: Iran retaliated forcefully. Eight days after the start of the war, the Americans joined the fight, bombing three nuclear facilities in Iran. A cease-fire is now in effect, but tensions remain high. The US and Israel demand that Iran dismantle all nuclear facilities and cease all nuclear activities. The Iranians refuse. They deny working on a nuclear weapon and have suspended co-operation with the IAEA; the agency’s inspectors are no longer allowed access to Iran’s nuclear facilities. The Iranians accuse the head of the agency, Rafael Grossi, of failing to condemn the Israeli and American attacks. He also allegedly spread false information about Iran’s nuclear programme, allowing the Israelis and Americans to use it as justification for their attack. The Iranians further suspect the agency of passing confidential information to third parties.

Mr Ambassador, the head of the IAEA, Mr Grossi, said that Iran could be enriching uranium within months. How does Iran see this?
We don’t know on what information the head of the IAEA bases his claim that Iran can resume enrichment within months. Based on the technical assessment of our officials, the nuclear facilities in Iran have been severely damaged by the United States and Israel. It’s not clear in how many months—or weeks—we can resume enrichment.

Who initiated the current cease-fire? Was it the United States, Israel or Iran?
We did not ask for a cease-fire, because we didn’t start the war. We merely acted according to the United Nations Charter, in particular Article 51, which recognises the right of self-defence. We said from the very beginning of the conflict that if Israel and the United States stopped bombing Iran, Iran would also stop its military activities against them. They thought they could destroy all Iranian military capability in just one strike, but they couldn’t. They understood that Iran’s capability to respond to any military attack remained almost untouched, so they revised their strategy and requested a cease-fire.

Why did Iran suspend its co-operation with the IAEA?
Unfortunately, the IAEA did not condemn the attacks by the Israelis and Americans against our nuclear facilities, which were under the safeguards of the IAEA. In our assessment, the head of the IAEA was part of the campaign against Iran by providing misinformation to the agency’s board.

Iran has not withdrawn from the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Does this mean that Iran is leaving the door open for the IAEA to resume co-operation? If so, under what conditions will Iran do so?
We have to be 100 per cent sure that classified information regarding our nuclear facilities and enrichment activities will not be disclosed to third parties—in particular Israel, which is a member of neither the NPT nor the IAEA. This information was used by the United States and Israel for bombing purposes. Resuming co-operation with the IAEA also depends on a guarantee that we will not be betrayed again and bombed in the middle of negotiations.

How did information gathered by the IAEA end up in the hands of the Israelis and the Americans? Was the IAEA infiltrated?
I don’t know; this question has to be asked of Mr Grossi.

There are reports that the British intelligence agency MI6 infiltrated the IAEA.
I don’t have access to those reports, but in several cases we faced claims the IAEA put forward that had no roots in reality. In some instances there was manipulation by intelligence services or other countries. Unfortunately, we witnessed the IAEA taking this misinformation as fact. We strongly recommend Mr Grossi abide by the principles of the IAEA: be a technical body that verifies the compliance of States Parties with the NPT, rather than a political one. If the IAEA engages in political discussion or deviation, it breaches its fundamental principles and destroys its credibility. For the IAEA to be credible, it must remain purely technical and prevent other States Parties from intervening in its safeguards work.

H.E. Dr Hadi Farajvand, Ambassador of Iran.

The main reason the US and Israel have given for their attacks is that they suspect Iran is working on a nuclear weapon.
It’s a baseless accusation. Even US intelligence agencies issued a report clearly stating that Iran is not seeking to build a nuclear weapon; they said that if Iran began, it would take two or three years. Mr Grossi has likewise said the IAEA has no concrete information that Iran has a clandestine weapons programme.

In march of this year Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard indeed said that Iran was not building a nuclear weapon. But then on 20 June, the day before the US attack on Iran, on X she wrote that America had intelligence showing Iran could produce a nuclear weapon within weeks to months if it decided to finalise assembly. Is this true? Does Iran have all the material needed to assemble a nuclear weapon?
The United States and Israel have claimed for 22 years that Iran could build a nuclear weapon within weeks or months. Since 2003, Iran has denied any attempt to build such a weapon. We know how to enrich uranium, but enrichment is only one part of building a nuclear weapon; other components are needed. If you make a claim, you must prove it. The US and Israel never have. Remember 2003, when the US invaded Iraq to destroy alleged weapons of mass destruction? They never produced a shred of evidence. The real goal was simply to topple the Iraqi regime.

If Iran is not pursuing a nuclear weapon, why has it enriched uranium beyond the level needed for nuclear energy? The IAEA stated that “the significantly increased production and accumulation of highly enriched uranium by Iran, the only new non-nuclear-weapon state to produce such nuclear material, is of serious concern”.
First, Iran enriched uranium up to 60 per cent in reaction to the United States’ withdrawal from the JCPOA, the 2018 nuclear deal. From the beginning, all Iranian officials said that if the United States and the European Union returned to the deal and implemented their commitments, Iran would also step back. Secondly, a nuclear bomb requires enrichment beyond 90 per cent. Thirdly, 60 per cent enrichment does not violate the NPT, because uranium at this level can be used only for peaceful purposes; some submarines and large ships have reactors using uranium enriched to 60 per cent. Finally, all our enrichment activities and our stockpile of 60 per cent uranium were under IAEA supervision, monitored by cameras and inspectors; nothing was hidden.

Yet the IAEA still says it is of serious concern that Iran produced such material in such quantities.
That is Mr Grossi’s statement. His concern does not mean that Iran is in breach of its NPT commitments.

But if uranium is enriched to 90 per cent, does Iran have all the components needed to build a nuclear weapon?
No. Iran has never developed those components.

Iran is very rich in oil and gas. Why does it need nuclear energy in the first place?
Iran is a large country with a population of 95 million, and it is still growing. We need nuclear energy to produce electricity and to manufacture radio-pharmaceuticals. Having abundant fossil fuels doesn’t mean we should ignore nuclear energy, which is cheaper and far cleaner. Global warming is a critical issue; the international community is pushing to reduce carbon emissions. We must encourage building more nuclear facilities, not fewer. Moreover, the United States—the world’s biggest oil and gas producer—also runs many power plants that use enriched uranium.

Russia proposed moving uranium to Russia to convert it into civilian reactor fuel. How did Iran react?
We cannot comment on the Russian proposal at this stage, but it will be discussed in future negotiations on our nuclear programme.

In October 2003 Supreme Leader Khamenei issued a fatwa forbidding the production and use of any weapon of mass destruction. What was his motivation?
In Islam the mass killing of people is strictly forbidden; therefore, weapons of mass destruction—nuclear, chemical or biological—are prohibited in Islam. These kinds of weapons do not discriminate between civilians and the military.

Why did Khamenei issue the fatwa in October 2003?
At that time, the Iranian nuclear programme was receiving intense attention from the international community. The United States and others were accusing Iran of pursuing a nuclear weapon. The fatwa reminded the world that Iran never intends to develop or produce nuclear weapons.

Israel has nuclear bombs. Would Iran not be safer with its own deterrent?
You know the history of nuclear bombs: they were used by the United States in the Second World War, and since then several countries have developed them. In addition to our religious principle prohibiting weapons of mass destruction, we believe nuclear weapons cannot bring security. Developing and producing them also requires considerable financial and human resources.

If the Israelis and Americans were not convinced that Iran was building a nuclear weapon, what was the real reason behind the attacks?
If you look at the comments of Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu in the first days of the attack, the purpose was clearly to topple the Iranian government. They thought that by killing Iranian officials and military commanders the country would remain defenceless. Netanyahu encouraged the Iranian people to take to the streets and protest against their government. Perhaps the expectation of the Iranian government’s fall was the reason the United States joined the campaign—to share in the victory.

Many Western politicians understand the Israeli and American attacks on Iran because Iran is supposedly out to destroy Israel. How do you see this?
No Iranian official has ever said that Iran is going to attack or destroy Israel—or any other country. The State of Israel destroys itself because it has no internal or international legitimacy.

In the Western media we often see demonstrations in Iran with people shouting: “Death to Israel, death to the US.”
This slogan is not directed at the people of Israel or the US, nor at their officials. It means: death to the unlawful actions committed by the United States and Israel—death to their policies of genocide and occupation.

Iran has a large Jewish community. How is it doing now? Is there a fear in Iran of a fifth column? Is there fear among Jewish people in Iran?
The Jewish community has been part of the Iranian nation throughout history and is very committed to the country. During the eight-year war with Iraq, several hundred Iranian Jews defended their homeland; some were killed in action, and their graves testify to their patriotism. We do not see any systematic adherence of our Jewish community to Israel, acting as a fifth column. They are free to practise their religion. Although their number is small, they have a representative in parliament. If anyone—regardless of religion—acts as a fifth column or spies for Israel, he or she will be held responsible. In fact, our Jewish citizens generally oppose Israeli policy; they joined demonstrations against Israel’s genocidal acts against Palestinians.

The Dutch government emphasises on its website that developing the international legal order is a permanent objective of Dutch foreign policy under Article 90 of the Constitution. It calls itself the international legal capital of the world. What do you make of Dutch officials’ reactions to the Israeli and American attacks on Iran? Prime Minister Schoof and Foreign Minister Veldkamp did not condemn the attacks.
Indeed, the Netherlands is the capital of international law: both the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court are hosted there. We expected the Netherlands in particular to condemn and take a strong stand against violations of international law in the aggression by the United States and Israel. But the Netherlands, along with other EU countries, unfortunately didn’t take a firm stand against these acts of aggression.

So why do you think Dutch officials did not condemn the attacks?
For two reasons. First, the Netherlands always acts in coordination with the European Union. Secondly, it is clear that the Netherlands has good relations with both Israel and the United States—despite genocide and attacks on Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank. Unfortunately, there are reports that the Netherlands is still providing Israel with spare parts for F-35 fighters used in bombing campaigns against Palestinians and Iran.

Israel bombed Iran on the eve of a new round of negotiations with the United States. How does this affect Iran’s level of trust in negotiations with the US going forward?
Israel aimed to destroy the negotiations, and unfortunately the United States joined the bombing. It’s clear you cannot negotiate while being bombed. The next round was scheduled for Sunday, and Israel started bombing on Friday or Saturday. This breeds mistrust. Any future negotiations will not be credible unless we receive a strong guarantee that we will not be bombed again during talks.

How have developments over the past year affected Iran’s relationships with neighbours such as Saudi Arabia and Turkey?
We have very good relations with Saudi Arabia and Turkey. Trade with Turkey is extensive, and Saudi Arabia is an important country in the Islamic world. Because we share the same region, good relations are vital, and leaders in all three countries are determined to improve them further.

How does Iran view the new administration in Syria?
We are waiting to see further developments. Any Syrian government must be legally elected by the Syrian people. We hope Syria will be independent and stable, and that its government will be inclusive of all religions and nationalities.

Syria now has an interim administration. Do you think it is closer to Israel and the US than to Iran?
It seems the interim administration in Syria is trying to get closer to the United States and Israel.

How does Iran view its relationship with the Sunni Muslim world in light of the war with Israel?
We don’t differentiate between Sunnis, Christians, Shias or Jews. Iran is the biggest supporter of Palestinians—who are Sunni—while Iran is Shia. Religion is not the issue. Our principle is to support oppressed people against oppressors.

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