Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Angola’s Independence

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 Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Angola’s Independence

By Roy Lie Atjam

H. E. Mrs Lizeth Nawanga Satumbo Pena, Ambassador of Angola in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, hosted an important reception with the motto “Angola: 50 Years, Preserving and Valuing Achievements, Building a Better Future.”

The evening started with the two national anthems, followed by a solemn moment of silence to honour the courageous heroes of the independence of Angola. Ambassador Pena delivered a compelling speech, followed by Mrs Martine van Hoogstraten from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The celebration included a toast, a formal cake-cutting ceremony, captivating music from saxophonist Mr. Nanutu, and vibrant performances by traditional Angolan dancers. As the event concluded, attendees enjoyed an impressive buffet featuring the delectable dessert bolo de Ginguba.

H. E. Mrs Lizeth Nawanga Satumbo Pena with ambassadors attending National Day of Angola 2025 The Hague

Here is a resume of Ambassador H.E.Lizeth Nawanga Satumbo Pena’s discourse.

“ It is a great honour to address you today, on behalf of the Angolan People, the President of the Republic, His Excellency João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço, the staff of our Diplomatic Mission in the Netherlands, and in my own name, as we commemorate the Fiftieth Anniversary of the National Independence of the Republic of Angola, proclaimed on the 11th of November 1975 by the late Dr. António Agostinho Neto, the first President of the Republic and Founder of the Angolan Nation.

The event that brings us together today is the result of a long and difficult struggle, which now represents a national legacy. It was born from the courage and determination of millions of Angolans who, through their blood, sweat, and sacrifice, brought an end to nearly five centuries of colonization, making Independence and National Sovereignty sacred and irrevocable achievements.

It is important to remember that Angola’s National Independence was proclaimed during a particularly challenging period.

This context marked the beginning of Angola’s active presence in the international arena, particularly in Africa, through the dedication of distinguished figures whose contribution remains an enduring part of our diplomatic history. It is in this spirit that, on the 12th of November, we also celebrate the Day of the Angolan Diplomat, that affirmed Angola’s sovereignty and laid the foundation for its foreign policy.

Today, under the leadership of H.E.João Lourenço, President of the Republic, Angola continues to strengthen its democratic Institutions and the Rule of Law, while laying the foundations for a dynamic, efficient, and inclusive market economy. The accomplishment of peace has stimulated political and economic stability, providing a solid basis for sustainable development and a favourable business environment that encourages investment and growth.

H. E. Mrs Lizeth Nawanga Satumbo Pena together with Angolan diplomats and members of the diaspora.

In keeping with this year’s motto “Preserving and Valuing Achievements, Building a Better Future.”

The Republic of Angola maintains cordial diplomatic relations with all States, guided by the fundamental principles of international law.

As we joyfully celebrate this important day, we remain aware of the complex international context in which our countries, our continent, and the world currently find themselves — a time marked by serious geopolitical tensions that challenge global stability, peace, and economic development.

Angola currently holds the Presidency of the African Union, a responsibility assumed by His Excellency President João Lourenço on the 15th of February 2025, during the 38th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government in Addis Ababa. Under his leadership, Angola has set clear priorities: enhancing transport and infrastructure to boost intra-African trade, improving the management of energy and natural resources, and promoting investment in renewable energy.

In this same spirit of cooperation, the upcoming seventh African Union–European Union Summit, to be held in Luanda on the 24th and 25th of November 2025, will mark 25 years of the Africa–Europe Partnership. Co-chaired by President João Lourenço and the President of the European Council, António Costa, the Summit will seek to strengthen collaboration in key areas such as peace and security, trade, sustainable development, digitalisation, and human mobility.

Our two Nations will soon celebrate 50 years of close cooperation, following the establishment of formal diplomatic relations in 1976. Relations between both States are excellent and continue to strengthen through the identification of new areas of cooperation and the exchange of high-level visits. In this regard, the imminent trip of the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, H.E. Dick Schoof, to Luanda — within the framework of the African Union–European Union Summit —and the prospect of meetings with High Dignitaries of the Republic of Angola, will further illustrate the mutual commitment to intensifying dialogue and encouraging bilateral cooperation.

Allow me to address a few words to the Angolan community residing in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, a community of which I am also a proud member.

In honour of the memory of our heroes and ancestors, we continue to make every effort to fulfill our civic and patriotic duties, ensuring that, beyond political and diplomatic matters, the institutional assistance of the Republic of Angola to its diaspora in the Netherlands is duly provided —so that all Angolans may fully exercise their rights as citizens.

I avail myself of this opportunity to also express my deepest gratitude to all those who have contributed to the success of this event, particularly to my esteemed colleagues, for their dedication, diligence, and commitment to the preparation of this significant event, organized with great attention to detail as well as in close coordination with the Hilton Hotel management.” The Hague, 13 November 2025.

El Salvador Breaks New Ground: A Nation‑wide AI Education Initiative with Elon Musk

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El Salvador Breaks New Ground: A Nation‑wide AI Education Initiative with Elon Musk

In a bold and unprecedented move, President Nayib Bukele of El Salvador and tech entrepreneur Elon Musk have unveiled a partnership to deploy artificial intelligence across the country’s public education system — a development that could redefine how nations approach learning in the digital age.

At a high-profile event in San Salvador on December 11, 2025, Bukele and representatives of xAI, Musk’s artificial intelligence company, announced what officials are calling the world’s first nationwide AI‑powered education program. The initiative centers around Grok, xAI’s advanced AI platform — positioning El Salvador as a global pioneer in the integration of AI into formal schooling. (dig.watch)

A Vision for Personalized Learning

Under the agreement, Grok will be rolled out over the next two years to more than 5,000 public schools, reaching over 1 million students from urban centres to rural communities. The system is designed to offer personalized, adaptive tutoring that aligns with each learner’s pace, abilities, and curriculum requirements in core subjects like mathematics, science, and English. (dig.watch)

President Bukele, known for his pro-technology governance and trailblazing policies — including making Bitcoin legal tender — framed the initiative as a historic leap for Salvadoran education. He emphasized the potential for AI to bridge educational gaps:

“This program will allow every student, whether in the heart of San Salvador or the most remote village, to access quality education. AI is a tool — how we use it defines our future, and we intend to use it for the flourishing of our children.”

Musk described the programme as putting “the most advanced AI directly in the hands of an entire generation,” highlighting its transformative potential:

“We want to see what happens when millions of young minds have AI as a tutor, a guide, and a helper. If used responsibly, it can open doors that were previously unimaginable for education systems everywhere.”

xAI also highlighted plans to jointly develop new methodologies, datasets, and responsible AI frameworks specifically tailored to classroom environments. (diario.elmundo.sv)

Teachers, Technology and the Future of Education

Crucially, this initiative does not seek to replace educators but to augment them. Teachers will use AI tools to support lesson planning, grading, and administrative tasks, allowing more time for high-value instruction and student engagement. By co-designing the AI with local educational authorities, xAI aims to ensure the technology supports — rather than supplants — human teaching expertise. (dig.watch)

For El Salvador, the programme represents part of a broader strategy to embrace disruptive tech and leapfrog traditional development barriers. It follows other investments in AI infrastructure and partnerships with global technology firms, positioning the small Central American nation as a test bed for innovations with potential global impact. (reddit.com)

Promise and Controversy

While the announcement has drawn praise from proponents of educational innovation, it has also raised important questions. Critics point to Grok’s controversial track record — including past episodes of unreliable or biased outputs — as a reminder of the risks associated with deploying powerful AI tools at scale. Ensuring data protection, content quality, and ethical safeguards will be essential as the initiative unfolds. (theguardian.com)

International observers are watching closely: Can a small nation’s experiment inform global policy on AI in education? Will adaptive AI tutoring narrow learning gaps or introduce new forms of bias? And how will El Salvador safeguard its students in an era of rapid technological change?

A Model for the Future?

Regardless of the outcome, El Salvador’s initiative — blending political ambition with Silicon Valley technology — marks a crucial moment in the conversation about the role of artificial intelligence in public service. As countries around the world grapple with similar questions, the Salvadoran experience may offer valuable lessons on both the promise and the pitfalls of national-scale AI education.

Europe Launches International Claims Commission to Address Ukraine War Damages

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Europe Launches International Claims Commission to Address Ukraine War Damages

European and Ukrainian leaders have officially launched an International Claims Commission in The Hague, marking a significant step toward accountability and reparations for the damage caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The new body is tasked with processing and adjudicating claims related to losses suffered by the Ukrainian state, businesses, and individuals since the start of the war.

The establishment of the Commission reflects growing international consensus that victims of the conflict should have access to a structured, legal mechanism to seek compensation. According to European officials, more than 80,000 claims have already been submitted, highlighting the vast scale of destruction to infrastructure, housing, industry, and livelihoods across Ukraine.

A Legal Path to Compensation

The International Claims Commission is designed to operate as an independent and rules-based mechanism. Its mandate includes reviewing evidence, assessing damages, and determining the validity and value of claims arising from the conflict. While it does not itself enforce payments, the Commission represents a crucial institutional framework that could underpin future compensation arrangements.

Locating the Commission in The Hague — a city internationally recognized as a center for justice and international law — underscores the legal and symbolic weight of the initiative. European leaders emphasized that the Commission complements existing international justice efforts and reinforces the principle that violations of international law carry consequences.

Funding Still Under Negotiation

One of the key unresolved issues remains how compensation will be funded. Participating states are currently negotiating financing mechanisms, including the controversial but increasingly discussed option of using frozen Russian state assets held in Europe and other jurisdictions. While some countries support this approach as a matter of justice and deterrence, others urge caution, citing legal and financial stability concerns.

Until a funding solution is agreed upon, the Commission’s initial focus will be on registering, organizing, and legally assessing claims, ensuring they are ready for compensation once resources become available.

Political and Diplomatic Significance

For Ukraine, the launch of the Commission represents an important diplomatic achievement and a step toward long-term recovery and reconstruction. Ukrainian leaders have welcomed the initiative as recognition of the immense human and material losses suffered by their country and as a signal of sustained European commitment.

For Europe, the Commission sends a broader message: accountability and reparations are integral to any durable peace. By creating a formal mechanism now, European states aim to ensure that compensation is not treated as an afterthought, but as a core element of post-war justice laying the groundwork for future reparations and reinforcing the international rules-based order.

Greece’s Comeback: Kyriakos Pierrakakis to Lead the Eurogroup

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Greece’s Comeback: Kyriakos Pierrakakis to Lead the Eurogroup

From Grexit and economic collapse to the heart of the Eurozone, Eurogroup Presidency Marks Greece’s Full European Rehabilitation

By Eleni Vasiliki Bampaliouta

Kyriakos Pierrakakis was unanimously elected President of the Eurogroup for the next two and a half years, confirming earlier predictions and significantly strengthening Greece’s position within the European Union. The election of the Greek Minister of Economy and Finance followed the withdrawal of the candidacy of his Belgian counterpart, Vincent Van Peteghem, a development that rendered Mr Pierrakakis’s election both particularly positive and highly symbolic.

This new role places Greece closer than ever to the centre of EU economic decision-making, at a time when Europe is entering a period marked by profound challenges and critical policy choices. As President of the Eurogroup, the Greek minister will have the opportunity to shape and influence the direction of European economic policy, contributing to the management of issues such as economic recovery and the repercussions of ongoing international crises.

The election of Mr Pierrakakis without a formal vote also sends a strong political signal regarding Europe’s renewed confidence in Greece, reinforcing the country’s credibility and influence at the core of European decision-making.

The role of frozen Russian assets

Considerable attention has focused on the future use of frozen Russian assets, an issue that appears to have played a role in the election process. In statements made shortly before the vote, the Belgian Finance Minister indicated that steps would be taken towards the utilisation of these assets, in what was widely seen as a final attempt to strengthen his candidacy. However, this move did not prove sufficient.

Earlier, the German Finance Minister had publicly stated, upon arriving at the Eurogroup meeting, that he would support Kyriakos Pierrakakis—an endorsement that further underscored the broad support for the Greek candidate.

The Eurogroup’s official announcement

The Eurogroup today elected Kyriakos Pierrakakis, Minister of Economy and Finance of Greece, as President of the Eurogroup, in accordance with Protocol No. 14 to the EU Treaties.
The new President took office on 12 December 2025 and will serve a term of two and a half years.
The first Eurogroup meeting under the presidency of Kyriakos Pierrakakis is scheduled for 19 January 2026.

What is the Eurogroup?

The Eurogroup is an informal body in which the ministers of the euro area member states discuss matters of common interest related to the use of the euro as a single currency. Its main task is to ensure close coordination of economic policies within the euro area. It also seeks to promote conditions for stronger economic growth, prepares Eurozone summits, and monitors their outcomes.

The Eurogroup usually meets once a month, on the eve of the Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN) meeting. The first Eurogroup meeting was held on 4 June 1998 in Luxembourg. Its presidents have included Jean-Claude Juncker, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Mario Centeno and Pascal Donohoe.

From Grexit fears to Eurozone leadership

The assumption of the Eurogroup presidency by a Greek minister carries strong symbolism. A decade after the peak of the debt crisis—when Greece stood on the brink of exiting the euro—the country is now widely regarded as a model of fiscal adjustment, stability and rapid debt reduction.

According to European sources, Mr Pierrakakis’s selection reflects not only “the restoration of Greece’s credibility” but also his ability to balance differing political and economic currents within the EU. Notably, Germany publicly supported his candidacy, alongside countries aligned with both the European People’s Party and the Social Democrats—an unusual convergence that highlights the broad acceptance of the Greek proposal.

Congratulations from European officials

The outcome was swiftly welcomed by European officials. Latvia’s Finance Minister was among the first to offer congratulations, emphasising that the Eurogroup “needs a clear strategy, a defined goal and collective commitment for the period ahead”. Former Eurogroup President Jeroen Dijsselbloem remarked that “Greece is now an example for many member states”, highlighting the country’s remarkable transition from fiscal instability to economic credibility.

A position of increased influence: what Greece gains

The presidency is not merely symbolic; it allows Greece to play a more active role in shaping the Eurogroup’s agenda, including issues closely linked to national priorities:

  • strengthening the debate on insularity within the EU
  • migration management and the security of Europe’s external borders
  • responses to geopolitical challenges from the East
  • participation in discussions at G7 and G20 level, where Greece will now have a stronger voice

The leadership change comes at a time of major European challenges, including the need to enhance competitiveness, manage trade tensions with the United States, address China’s growing influence, and meet obligations for increased defence spending within the NATO framework.

Pierrakakis’s four priorities for Europe

The Greek Minister has already outlined a clear roadmap for Europe’s economic future. In a detailed 1,500-word letter sent to Eurozone finance ministers to formally present his candidacy, Kyriakos Pierrakakis described a Eurogroup that is more cohesive, more effective and more focused on Europe’s deep strategic challenges. His programme is built around four key pillars:

  1. Strengthening economic convergence and cohesion within the Eurozone
  2. Deepening the Savings and Investment Union to channel more European capital into productive investment
  3. Integrating technological progress into European fiscal policy to safeguard EU competitiveness
  4. Protecting Europe’s economic foundations through fiscal responsibility and by addressing structural challenges such as demographics, productivity and financial stability

This election opens a new chapter for Greece. For the next two and a half years—and potentially beyond—the country will lead the body that shapes the fiscal trajectory of the Eurozone. It marks not only Greece’s return to the forefront of the European economic landscape, but also broad recognition of the stability and credibility it has built over the past decade.

Austria Strengthens Support for ICC Trust Fund for Victims

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Austria Strengthens Support for ICC Trust Fund for Victims

Austria, a State Party to the International Criminal Court (ICC), has reaffirmed its commitment to international justice and the rights of victims by making a voluntary contribution of EUR 146,000 to the ICC Trust Fund for Victims (TFV) in 2025. Of this amount, EUR 100,000 will directly support survivors of sexual and gender-based violence, while EUR 46,000 is provided as unrestricted funding to support reparation awards ordered by the ICC and other programmes benefiting victims.

Welcoming the contribution, H.E. Kevin Kelly, member of the TFV Board of Directors, said: “I wish to express my appreciation to Austria. This increased contribution underscores Austria’s continued support for the work of the Trust Fund for Victims. As the TFV expands its reach and impact, sustained and increased contributions are essential. Austria’s leadership sets an example, and we hope this commitment will continue—and even grow—in the years ahead.”

H.E. Engelbert Theuermann, Ambassador of Austria to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, added: “Supporting those at the very heart of international criminal law—the victims—remains of crucial importance. We are particularly pleased that Austria consistently contributes to the Trust Fund for Victims, reaffirming the vital role of supporting victims of international crimes.”

Austria has been providing voluntary contributions to the ICC Trust Fund for Victims annually since 2007, demonstrating a long-standing commitment to supporting victims of the gravest crimes. Contributions have steadily increased since 2020, reflecting Austria’s sustained and growing support for the TFV’s mission.

Azerbaijani Ambassador Hosts Lively Gathering for Qarabağ–Ajax Champions League Match

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Azerbaijani Ambassador Hosts Lively Gathering for Qarabağ–Ajax Champions League Match

On 10 December, H.E. Mr. Mammad Ahmadzada, Ambassador of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, hosted an informal viewing event for the UEFA Champions League match between Qarabağ FK and AFC Ajax. The gathering took place at the Leonardo Royal Hotel in The Hague and brought together a diverse and enthusiastic audience.

From as early as 6 p.m., ambassadors, diplomats, members of the Azerbaijani community, Dutch business leaders, and friends and supporters of Ajax began arriving—many coming directly from professional engagements and other diplomatic events. The atmosphere quickly became animated as guests filled the hall, forming a convivial mix of supporters from both sides.

Ambassador Ahmadzada warmly welcomed everyone and encouraged guests to feel entirely free to cheer for their preferred team. This set the tone for an evening marked by genuine enjoyment, embodying the spirit of sports diplomacy at its best.

The match itself proved as exciting as the ambiance in the room. Qarabağ opened the scoring early and regained the lead shortly after halftime, showcasing the skill that has made the team a source of national pride.

Qarabağ–Ajax Champions League Match Dec 10th, 2025. Pictures by Khatira A Lazada.

Match Highlights:
• Qarabağ took an early lead through Camilo Durán (10′).
• Kasper Dolberg equalised just before half-time (39′), scoring his first open-play Champions League goal of the season.
• Matheus Silva restored Qarabağ’s lead early in the second half (47′).
• Ajax mounted a dramatic comeback in the final 15 minutes with goals from:
– Oscar Gloukh (79′)
– Anton Gaaei (82′)
– Oscar Gloukh (90′) sealing the 4–2 victory.

Ajax’s win marked their first Champions League victory of the 2025–26 campaign, making the evening’s match all the more memorable for Dutch supporters. Despite the result, Azerbaijani attendees applauded their team’s strong performance, while Ajax fans celebrated a decisive group-stage win. The shared excitement, suspense, and mutual respect highlighted how football can unite people in a single collective experience.

Ambassador Ahmadzada during Qarabağ–Ajax Champions League Match. Pictures by Khatira A Lazada.

Before kick-off, Ambassador Ahmadzada addressed the audience, expressing gratitude and emphasizing the significance of Qarabağ for Azerbaijan:

“Thank you very much for coming and for sharing our joy and excitement. Qarabağ holds a special place in the hearts of all Azerbaijanis. Founded in 1951, the club has become not only one of the most successful sports teams of our country, but also a symbol of resilience, unity, and national pride. Despite the challenges faced over the past 30 years, Qarabağ has continued to represent Azerbaijan on the international stage with dignity and determination.

Tonight is also a celebration of friendship between Azerbaijan and the Netherlands. We believe that sport brings nations closer together, and we hope that this match will further strengthen the ties between our two countries. I know we have many Ajax fans among us, so please do not hesitate to cheer, celebrate, and express your excitement. This evening is for everyone to enjoy together.”

Qarabağ–Ajax Champions League Match. Pictures by Khatira A Lazada.

The evening concluded in a friendly and relaxed mood, with guests exchanging impressions about the match while enjoying the hospitality of the Azerbaijani Embassy. It was a memorable event that strengthened diplomatic ties, and brought together communities through one of the world’s most universal passions: football.

The Ambassador Lecture Series at Maastricht: Law, Diplomacy and the Question of Palestine

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The Ambassador Lecture Series at Maastricht: Law, Diplomacy and the Question of Palestine

By students Gaia Ziliani, Matys Javier Perez Bivar, Ourania Vasileiadou.

On 30 October 2025, H.E. Ammar Hijazi, Head of the Palestinian Mission to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, delivered a lecture organised under the Maastricht Centre for Human Rights at the Faculty of Law of Maastricht University, titled ‘Charting the State of Palestine’s Legal and Diplomatic Efforts for Self-Determination’.

The event took place within The Ambassador Lecture Series, convened by Professor Fabián Raimondo at the Faculty of Law. The series regularly brings distinguished diplomats to Maastricht University to engage with students and staff on contemporary global issues.

Welcomed by faculty members and students, Ambassador Hijazi opened with a reflection on the enduring challenge that the question of Palestine poses to international law. The session quickly evolved into a lively dialogue, with students expressing strong interest and posing incisive questions.

Law, legality and the Palestinian claim

 Ambassador Hijazi underscored the importance of respecting and applying international law, warning against the widening gap between legality and illegality. ‘Legality has not been defeated,’ he observed, ‘even if the feeling may be justified by current events. After all, Palestine’s claim is straightforward: to make the law prevail. Because if not, then what else?’

He also shared insights into his daily diplomatic responsibilities – engaging with Dutch authorities, parliamentarians, municipalities and international institutions. Despite growing public sympathy, he noted that European governments remain hesitant to act decisively or cut ties with Israel.

The three authors of the article; Ourania Vasileiadou, Gaia Ziliani, and Matys Javier Perez Bivar.

Charting Palestinian diplomatic and legal efforts

Setting out Palestine’s legal and diplomatic strategy, Ambassador Hijazi reflected on historical injustices which, he argued, trace back to debates at the United Nations in 1947, where diplomacy and international law were, in his view, used to erase Palestine and the Palestinian people. He added that there have been misleading attempts to equate the occupier with the occupied and to normalise the occupation, allowing Israel, with international impunity, to continue the colonisation of Palestinian land and the ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian people. According to Ambassador Hijazi, in pursuit of justice the Palestinian leadership adopted diplomacy and international law – the same instruments he considers were historically used against Palestinians – to reassert their place on the global stage.

The Palestinian approach, he said, aimed to challenge what he described as Israel’s entrenched illegal colonial regime of occupation and apartheid. In light of what he characterised as genocide and ongoing dispossession, he argued that this approach has enabled the pursuit of justice and accountability.

Despite political pressure, threats and sanctions, Palestine, he maintained, has insisted on its chosen path and its commitment to international law. Such efforts, he said, culminated in landmark decisions of the International Court of Justice on 9 July 2004, 19 July 2024 and 22 October 2025. The original objective, he noted, was to protect Palestinian rights and to ensure Palestine’s place in a law-based international system; today, he argued, the undertaking also seeks to protect the integrity of the post-Second World War legal order of human rights and international law.

A test case for international law

For the Ambassador, Palestine has become a test case for international law and for the credibility of the International Court of Justice. The recent tragic events, he stressed, confront the West with a fundamental question: is the commitment to the legal order it created stronger than geopolitical instinct? ‘We cannot defend the law in theory while financing its violations in practice,’ he said, adding that, by addressing Palestine, the Court has ‘placed the issue under the eyes of the world and opened a path for hope’.

Humanitarian law and the weaponisation of hunger

Ambassador Hijazi highlighted the severe humanitarian consequences of ongoing violations of international humanitarian law, focusing in particular on the weaponisation of hunger. He referred to the Court’s advisory opinion of 22 October 2025, which, he noted, unanimously affirmed Israel’s obligations under international humanitarian law, including the prohibition of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare.

A call for justice and legality

Concluding his lecture, the Ambassador reaffirmed that, while the struggle is far from over, the path to lasting peace remains clear: ending the occupation through a historic ruling of the Court and a United Nations resolution, and recognising Palestine’s right to self-determination and statehood. He called on the international community to stand up for Palestine, for international justice and for the rule of law, reminding all that we owe it to future generations to ensure that legality prevails – and that every step in that direction matters.

For inquiries about The Ambassador Lecture Series, please contact the convener, Professor Fabián Raimondo, at fabian.raimondo@maastrichtuniversity.nl.

The biblical passages that Canada could list as hate speech

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The biblical passages that Canada could list as hate speech

National Post (08.12.2025) – The Carney government is moving to tweak Canada’s hate speech laws so that biblical scripture could qualify as criminal hate speech.

The Criminal Code currently prescribes jail terms of up to two years for “wilful promotion of hatred.” However, there is an exemption if that statement is a “good faith” opinion “based on a belief in a religious text.”

But Bill C-9 — the Carney government’s first major justice bill — is looking to remove the religious exemption for hate speech. It’s a reform that the Bloc Québécois has been seeking since 2023, primarily to make it easier to prosecute Islamists.

Specifically, the Bloc was reacting to a 2023 incident in which the radical Montreal imam Adil Charkaoui led crowds in prayer for “Zionist aggressors” to be killed. “Allah, count every one of them, and kill them all, and do not exempt even one of them,” he said in Arabic.

When multiple Quebec figures, including Quebec Premier François Legault, called on Charkaoui to be prosecuted for hate speech, the imam countered that his statement did not meet the threshold for hate speech, as it was a prayer. “It was a prayer for judgment,” Charkaoui said in a YouTube video.

Nevertheless, the Carney government’s proposed changes to the Criminal Code would be so sweeping that it’s unclear if the mere public airing of Christian biblical scripture could fall within the bounds of criminal speech.

Marc Miller, the newly appointed minister of Canadian identity and culture, has been quite open about this. In October testimony before a House of Commons committee, Miller said the Bible contains “clear hatred towards, for example, homosexuals.”

“Clearly there are situations in these texts where these statements are hateful, they should not be used,” he said, adding that there should be discretion for “prosecutors to press charges.”

While there could be other biblical passages that could arguably fall within the rubric of what Canada considers “hate,” there’s a few that Miller has mentioned specifically. Below, a quick summary of the biblical passages most likely to be branded as hate speech if Bill C-9 passes.

Present in both Jewish texts and the Christian Old Testament, the book of Deuteronomy is effectively a series of speeches by Moses in which he tells Israelites how God wants them to worship and live. And one of those rules is that adulterers should die. “If a man be found lying with a woman married to a husband, then they shall both of them die,” reads the King James translation of Deuteronomy 22:22.

Miller specifically referenced this passage in a social media post where he also cited his Christian bona fides. “I say this, in particular because I am a Christian: there should be no defence to the crime of publicly inciting hatred because, for example, someone relied on Leviticus 20:13 or Deuteronomy 22:22,” he wrote.

Killing adulterers is notably absent from modern Judaism or Christianity. The Catholic Church, for one, prescribes spiritual (rather than violent) atonement for adultery. And the Anglican Church of Canada has noted adulterer King Charles III as its head.

Among Christian groups opposing the Bill C-9 changes, one argument is that it’s largely addressing a problem that doesn’t exist. Canada has never really had a Deuteronomist “death to adulterers” movement, and Canadian courts have generally been quite skeptical about the religious exemption for hate speech. As one 2001 Ontario case put it, religious beliefs could not be “used with impunity as a Trojan Horse.”

That case concerned a pastor circulating pamphlets framing Muslims as terrorist agents seeking to conquer Canada. A trial judge ruled that the pastor’s religious convictions fully protected his belief in what he “perceived to be the dangerous spreading of Islam.” But as the decision concluded, that didn’t shield him from “engendering fear of and hatred towards Muslims.”

The Book of Leviticus is also a series of laws for ancient Israelites. Any critique of biblical literalism or orthodoxy is usually going to cite Leviticus at some point, given that many of its proscriptions are noticeably outdated by the standards of modern legal systems.

And Leviticus 20:13 is probably one of the most heavily cited in that regard. Leviticus contains some proscriptions that would be wildly progressive by the standards of the Ancient Middle East. Leviticus is the “love thy neighbour” chapter, and it’s also the one that says not to take advantage of immigrants.

The book gets much more hardline when it comes to issues of sexual ethics. Some of these are still relatively uncontroversial; don’t have sex with your aunt, your mother, your wife’s sister or animals.

But it also singles out homosexual acts for the death penalty. As the King James translation reads, “If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them.”

Miller mentioned the book of Romans in his committee testimony, but didn’t specify what passage. This is the only New Testament book that he singled out as likely being hateful under Canadian law.

The chapter is generally believed to be written by Paul, the Pharisee-turned-Christian convert who became instrumental in solidifying Christianity as a mainstream faith. The part that usually gets cited as a condemnation of homosexuality starts at Romans 1:26.

Paul opens the chapter by describing the various sins of the pre-Christian Roman world, including its apparent tolerance for homosexuality.

“For even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature. And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another.”

HRWF Comment: In the name of human rights against freedom of religion or belief

  • Political debates and court proceedings currently show a worrying trend in liberal democracies:
  • In the name of alleged hate speech, Holy Scriptures should be expurgated…
  • In the name of human rights,
  • ·       praying silently in the public square should be regulated…
  • ·       quoting certain excerpts from the Bible should be prosecuted…
  • ·       educating one’s children in some specific but authorized faiths should be prosecuted as a form of indoctrination
  • ·       social distancing of Jehovah’s Witnesses from expelled or former members publicly harming the movement should be considered a case of discrimination and ostracization…

Resolution about the return of deported children by Russia

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Resolution about the return of deported children by Russia

The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution demanding that Russia immediately return Ukrainian children

91 countries in favour – 12 against – 57 abstentions

By Ivan Dyakonov

Ukrainskaya Pravda (04.12.2025) – The UN General Assembly has adopted a resolution by a majority of votes that requires the Russian Federation to immediately and without any prerequisites return all illegally deported Ukrainian children: “The General Assembly… demands that the Russian Federation ensure the immediate, safe and unconditional return of Ukrainian children who have been illegally displaced or deported; calls on the Russian Federation to immediately cease any further practice of forced displacement, deportation, separation of children from families and legal guardians, change of personal status, including through citizenship, adoption or placement in foster families and indoctrination of Ukrainian children”.

The document was supported by 91 countries. 12 states voted against, another 57 abstained. In addition to Russia itself, Belarus, Iran, Nicaragua, Cuba, Eritrea, Mali and several other states voted against the resolution. 57 states abstained in the vote. Among them are China, India, Brazil, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Egypt, Qatar and Pakistan.

As Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Mariana Betsa explained during the presentation of the document, this resolution does not concern politics, but exclusively humanity and moral duty of the international community. She stressed that the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine made children a vulnerable target of aggression. According to the diplomat, Russia not only kills and maims children, but also tries to erase their identity.

Betsa stressed that in the occupied territories and in Russia, Ukrainian children are forbidden their native language, literature and history, and in return they impose hostile propaganda. Children are forced to repeat fakes about the “Nazi state”, and also attracted to the so-called “children’s armies” where they are subjected to “military training and ideological processing”.

According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, today Russia has deported at least 20 thousand Ukrainian children. Ukraine has managed to return home only 1850 of them so far. UN General Assembly President Annalena Burbock noted during the consideration of the project that the deportation of children is a gross violation of international humanitarian law.

She recalled that article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention prohibited the forced displacement of civilians from the occupied territories under any circumstances. The Convention on the Rights of the Child also guarantees the right of every child to identity, family life, citizenship and protection from kidnapping.

Burbock stressed that the issue of the return of children cannot be considered separately from the fact of the Russian invasion. She noted that the General Assembly acts consistently in conditions when the UN Security Council remains unable to make decisions because of the position of the Russian Federation.

“The 11th emergency special session decides in the name of a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in Ukraine, to protect the international order, the Ukrainian people and the most vulnerable among them – children,” Burbock said. Diplomats noted that support for the resolution was a voice for international law and justice, as it created tools for abducted children to live back in their native land.

Published by https://hrwf.eu

Dutch Embassy Announces Winner of Max van der Stoel Essay Competition

Diplomat Magazine
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Dutch Embassy Announces Winner of Max van der Stoel Essay Competition

By Eleni Vasiliki Bampaliouta

The Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Greece recently organised an essay competition for Greek students focusing on democracy and human rights. The theme of the competition was “Encouraging Greek Youth to Reflect on Democracy and Human Rights.”

The winning essay was written by Konstantinos Tselios, a student at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. In his text, he highlights the dangers of silence in the face of injustice and emphasises that defending human dignity is never someone else’s responsibility. The prize was presented by H.E. Ambassador Barbara van Hellemond and consists of a fully funded educational trip to the Netherlands.

The Dutch Embassy expressed its warm appreciation to all students who participated in the competition. According to the organisers, the jury faced a particularly difficult task, as the overall quality of the submissions was exceptionally high.

The event was also attended by Max van der Stoel’s grandson, Midas, whose presence added a deeply personal and meaningful dimension to the occasion.

Max van der Stoel (1924–2011) was one of the Netherlands’ most respected politicians and a lifelong advocate of democracy, human rights and the rule of law. During the Greek military dictatorship (1967–1974), he served as the Council of Europe’s Rapporteur on what became known as the “Greek Case”. In this role, he publicly denounced the regime’s human rights violations and expressed his solidarity with those resisting the dictatorship. The political pressure exerted through the Council of Europe became so significant that the military junta was ultimately forced to withdraw Greece from the organisation, a move with far-reaching consequences for the regime.

In August 1974, shortly after the fall of the junta, Max van der Stoel became the first foreign minister to visit Greece. He was welcomed as a hero in Athens, a testament to his steadfast support for Greek democracy during one of the country’s darkest periods.

The Max van der Stoel Essay Competition encourages students to draw lessons from Greece’s experience under dictatorship and to apply them to contemporary challenges. In a rapidly changing global environment, where democracy and human rights continue to be tested, the initiative invites young people to reflect on why Max van der Stoel’s legacy remains relevant today.

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