Fourth Annual Diplomat Wine Extravaganza 

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Fourth Annual Diplomat Wine Extravaganza 

By Roy Lie Atjam

An exclusive wine and spirit experience, Embassies promoted their wine and spirits, exposing their silver tastevin utensils to attract the Dutch market and friends at the fourth edition of Diplomats Wine Extravaganza.

Dr. Mayelinne De Lara, Diplomat Magazine’s Publisher joined by  Thomas Kortleve, General Manager of Leonardo Royal Hotel welcome the guests to the Fourth Diplomat Wine Extravaganza on 30 October 2023. It was tasting, walking, wine talk by enologists, experts and enjoying jazz music. The event featured wine tastings, conversations with enologists, experts and jazz music.

H.E. Mr. Álvaro González Otero, Ambassador of Uruguay and Gustavo Morales Bertinat Cultural Attache, Embassy of Uruguay.
H.E. Mario Oyarzabal, Ambassador of Argentina, Renan Villacis, Director Secretariat of the Assembly States Parties•International Criminal Court, H.E. Andres Teran Paral, Ambassador of Ecuador, Shqipe and H.E. Dren Doli, Ambassador of Kosovo, H.E. Arnoldo Brenes Castro, Ambassador of Costa Rica and H.E. Olivier J.P. Nduhungirehe, Ambassador of Rwanda.

In her welcome remarks De Lara stated “today, we are here to celebrate the rich diversity of wine and spirits from around the world. Each country has brought its finest products, and we have extended invitations to importers, sommeliers, chefs, journalists, diplomats, wine lovers and friends to join us in this extraordinary journey of taste”

Mayelinne De Lara continued, Diplomat Magazine, founded a decade ago by diplomats with the mission to support the work of each embassy, and Diplomats Wine Extravaganza, in particular, has proven to be an instrumental force in advancing the wine industry of numerous countries.

Let’s give the floor to the distinguish figures of today, who have made this event possible, the ambassadors: Armenia, Australia, Bolivia, Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Peru, and Uruguay.

Dr. Mayelinne De Lara, Diplomat Magazine’s publisher.
Pisco from Peru.

Armenia, alleged to be the world’s  oldest wine producer, her Ambassador Mr Viktor Biyagov in part said the following, as a wine lover I am very glad to see so many people gathered here to celebrate the eternal beverage ever to be created, to get to know the history of winemaking in different countries and to get a taste of the culture of these countries through their wines.

The history of winemaking in Armenia dates back to more than 6100 years ago, when the first production of wine began in a cave near Areni village, in Vayots Dzor province of Armenia, which after thousands of years remains the main wine producing region in Armenia. Recent excavations and scientific research uncovered that the cave of Areni was an ancient ritual site where wine production played an integral part.

Laboratory research conducted by scientists of Oxford and California universities verify that in the face of Areni cave complex we deal with the world’s oldest and most complete wine production facility, with its wine press, large karases for fermentation and storage, as well as jars of around 6000 years.

Fritz Haring Di Saronno – Netherlands with Dominican Republic’s Ron Barcelo.

And today, millennia later from the very first try, wine production is amongst the biggest booming industries in Armenia, culminating with the annual wine fest, that every year attracts thousands of tourists from all over the world. This is definitely a must try experience in Armenia, which is a unique way to get to know the Armenian culture, rich history and everyday life, all through wine.

Wine is a way of life, a definition of love and the universal language of friendship that gets better with every passing year. It carries the wisdom of the old and the spirit of youth, and what’s most important, it brings people together.

H.E. Mr. Andrés Terán Parral, Ambassador of Ecuador.

Today, among a number of gorgeous flavors, you will also taste the Armenian wines, which bear the warmth of our sun, the strength of our earth and the hard work of its producers.

Please help yourself to the best of Armenian wines, generously provided and exhibited by Royal Beverages Group and its General Director Artak Danielyan.

Ambassador Mr Viktor Biyagov.
Armenia stand

The Australian Ambassador Mr  Greg French recounted an interesting Australian contribution to the global wine industry was Australia’s role as a refuge for grape varieties that were threatened in Europe and other parts of the world. This is because much of Australia remained unaffected by the devastating phylloxera parasite that swept through France and other parts of Europe in the late nineteenth century.

Australia thus became home to some of the world’s oldest producing vines, planted in the 1840’s. …. Another contribution has been the promotion of controlled temperature fermentation in stainless steel tanks.

Ambassador of Kosovo Mr Dren Doli.
Wines from Kosovo.

The Ambassador of Kosovo Mr Dren Doli introduced to the guests the very wide variety of red, white and rosé wines produced in Kosovo. In his speech, Ambassador Doli underlined how wine production is not only about the taste of wines, as it tells a lot about the culture and tradition of an entire population.

Mr. Haziz Tafaj and Mr. Bejtullah Haxhimurati are representatives from two of the most famous wineries in Kosovo. Both of them are members of the Enologjia, which is the Kosovo wine association in charge of promoting Kosovo wine in the country and abroad.

Mr.Tafaj represented the Theranda and SHE wines, both coming from the Theranda valley. The name SHE was created to celebrate all the women of Kosovo. Mr. Haxhimurati represented the ILLYRIAN winery and vineyards which are located in the west of the city of Rahovec, also known as the capital city of the viticulture in Kosovo dating back to the I century AD.

H.E. Mr. Jaime Moscoso Valenzuela, Ambassador of Chile.
Wines from Chile.

The fourth edition of Diplomat Wine Extravaganza has been vibrant and in an excellent atmosphere. A Burgundian motto: “Jamais en Vain Toujours en Vin”, Never in Vain, Always in wine.

“We are not competing in quantity with the major producers in the region, but we are outstanding in quality.” Said H.E. Mr Roberto Calzadilla Sarmiento, Ambassador of Bolivia during his presentation.

Bolivia, though less renowned than its South American neighbors, boasts a rich colonial history of viticulture with unique small vineyards and wineries. The country’s high-altitude wine industry is remarkable, with about 75 percent devoted to red wine production, including varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Malbec, and Tannat. White grape varieties such as Torrontes, Chenin Blanc, and Riesling are also gaining attention.

Bolivia’s vineyards, many centuries old, are often situated between 1,600 and 3,000 meters (5,250-9,840 feet) above sea level, making it the highest wine-producing country in the world. The Central Valley of Tarija is home to 80 percent of the country’s vineyards, benefiting from a Mediterranean-like climate with strong winds that protect the grapes from over-ripening. The sunlight at high altitudes concentrates the flavors and aromas of the wines, while cooler nights provide balance and acidity.

While Bolivia’s wine industry remains small compared to giants like Chile and Argentina, it is gaining international recognition, having already won 40 medals in global competitions. The Ambassador of Bolivia, H.E. Roberto Calzadilla Sarmiento, emphasized, “We are not competing in quantity with the major producers in the region, but we are outstanding in quality.” Bolivia’s focus is now shifting toward exportation, marking a new era for its wine industry.

The country’s viticulture dates back to the 16th century when the Spanish introduced vines to produce sacramental wine. Today, Bolivia’s vineyards retain much of their traditional character, particularly in the Cinti Valley, and continue to offer wines with unique characteristics that are increasingly admired on the global stage.

A stylish 10 Year Celebration For Diplomat Magazine

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A stylish 10 Year Celebration For Diplomat Magazine

One decade down; ten years is just the beginning

By Roy Lie Atjam

Diplomat Magazine recently celebrated a significant milestone, marking ten years of publishing in style. The event featured a violin concert by Bomsori Kim, accompanied by the Residentie Orkest, playing pieces from Tchaikovsky & Prokofiev at the grand Amare theatre in The Hague on Friday, November 10th, 2023.

The magazine was established by diplomats, for diplomats, with a mission of supporting diplomatic efforts, promoting their country’s policies and accomplishments.

Over the years, Diplomat Magazine has taken centre stage, a prominent player in diplomatic activities and affairs in The Hague, with both a print and online edition. This 10th year anniversary is just the beginning of their continued success.

Prof. Dr J.A. Bruijn, the President of the Senate of the Netherlands and Diplomat Magazine’s Publisher, Dr. Mayelinne De Lara.

A slate of ambassadors and diplomats attended the festive celebration. The list of attendees is as follows, Ambassadors of: Armenia, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Cuba, El Salvador, Egypt, Estonia, Guatemala, Ivory Coast, Kosovo, Morocco, Nigeria, Oman, Panama, Philippines, Peru, Slovenia, South Africa, and Uruguay. Diplomats of various embassies including Azerbaijan, Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Dominican Republic.

Several notable figures attended the event, including Prof. Dr J.A. Bruijn, the President of the Senate of the Netherlands, H.E. Ms. Sahar Ghanem, the Ambassador of Yemen and Dean of the Diplomatic Corps, and the Mayor of Den Haag, Mr. Jan van Zanen. Mr. Sven Arne Tepl, Director of the Residentie Orkest, also gave a speech. All the speakers praised Diplomat Magazine for its indelible contributions. Below are some quotes from their speeches.

H.E. Mr. Hatem Kamaleldin, Ambassador of Egypt, H.E. Ms. Frances Lanitou Williams, Ambassador of Cyprus, H.E. Ms. Marisol Aguero Colunga, Ambassador of Peru, H.E. Dr. Eniola Ajayi, Ambassador of Nigeria, H.E. Ms. Sahar Ghanem, Ambassador of Yemen and Dean of the Diplomatic Corps, H.E. Mr. Abdullah Al Harthi, Ambassador of the Sultanate of Oman and H.E. Mr. Lauri Kuusing, Ambassador of Estonia.

The Dean “Dear Mayelinne, dear Roy and Diplomat Magazine team, for me and many others, The Hague would be different if you were not here. You play a visible role in the success of diplomacy efforts and making The Hague a place where many diplomats consider their favorite station.

Knowing that you are available and ready to help whenever we need is of a tremendous relief. From me, from fellow current colleagues and many departed ambassadors whom I know would love to be here to share with you this special occasion, congratulations and wish you many many more years to come full of achievements, reflected in numbers and hearts.”

H.E. Ms. Sahar Ghanem, Ambassador of Yemen and Dean of the Diplomatic Corps during her speech.

President of the Senate “I greatly value the meetings I have with you, because it is an opportunity to – for instance – discuss the importance of protecting our rule of law, the state of our politics, and these days also the conflicts that divide many parts of the world. 

Dutch diplomat and poet Constantijn Huygens, who lived and worked in the The Hague of the 17th  century, wrote – and I have translated it off the cuff, the original is of course far better balanced and poetic…

The times were angry, and are, and will be

I do not see change at hand for the world

Turn around your hourglass, it seems a new being

But it runs as it ran, and it’s all the same sand.

Or, as the French say: tout ça change, tout ça reste la même chose.

They are the words of the experienced diplomat. But as the politician that I am, there is no other way than to add hope. Hope that change for the better is coming at last, and hope that conflicts, or in the words of Huygens – anger – one day will be defeated. That hope is what keeps us all going, diplomats and politicians alike! Ladies and gentlemen, to the editors of the Diplomat Magazine I would like to say: thank you for your continuous efforts to open up Dutch society and politics for an international audience.

Please know, that your efforts are highly appreciated! Congratulations are in order on this occasion, but I hope that you will also feel the incentive to continue with your valuable work of bringing the Dutch and international communities closer together.”

Diplomat Magazine’s Publisher, Dr. Mayelinne De Lara and the Mayor of The Hague, the Honorable Jan van Zanen.

The mayor “Mayelinne and her staff are a great support to us in that respect. Indeed, the international community in The Hague is well-served with Diplomat Magazine, its website and newsletter which, together, provide an effective communication platform. A very important platform for The Hague’s diplomatic circles.Therefore, in addition to our congratulations, a word of wholehearted thanks is certainly due here.

A word of thanks, on behalf of the municipality, for Diplomat Magazine’s contribution to The Hague, international city of peace and justice. A  contribution we should certainly not underestimate. I very much hope that you will carry on with this magnificent and important work. It makes The Hague a city of even greater international allure.”

H.E. Mr. Roberto Calzadilla Sarmiento, Ambassador of Bolivia, one of the founders of Diplomat Magazine.
Diplomat Magazine’s 10th Anniversary concert. Residentie Orkest, Amare Theatre, Nov 10, 2023. The Hague.

Kosovo Embassy Tweeted “ Diplomat magazine has become an indispensable part of our daily routine and a resource for diplomats based in The Hague. Keep inspiring positive changes. Happy anniversary.

Indeed, one decade down; ten years is just the beginning. Without any question, it has been a splendorous evening!

Bahrain’s Ambassador Abdulla Abdullatif Abdulla is accredited in Norway

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Bahrain’s Ambassador Abdulla Abdullatif Abdulla is accredited in Norway

Thursday, 19 October 2023, Oslo, Kingdom of Norway: At the Royal Palace in central Oslo, His Majesty King Harald V of Norway welcome for his accreditation the non-resident Ambassador of the Kigndom of Bahrain, Abdulla Abdullatif Al Shaikh Abdulla at 11:30am. The latter is based out of Berlin, Germany, and conveyed to the Norwegian monarch the best regards from his counterpart His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa as well as of Bahrain’s Crown Prince and Prime Minister, HRH Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa. 

During his stay in Norway, Ambassador Abdulla held meetings at Stortinget (the Norwegian Parliament) with amongst others, Ine Eriksen Søreide, Chair of the Parliamentary Foreign Affairs and Defence Committee. At the headquarters of the Foreign Ministry he met with Aslak Bron, Deputy Secretary-General of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Matthijs Raustol, Deputy Director-General for Regional Affairs at the ministry. Ambassador Abdulla likewise presented copies of his credentials to the ministry’s Director-General for Protocol, Cultural Relations and Consular Affairs, Tone Allers. 

Ambassador Abdulla’s professional commenced in 1981 with a position at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, marking the beginning of a long and successful career in diplomacy. The first notable international appointment came in 2000, serving until 2005 as the Deputy Head of Mission at the Bahrain Embassy in London. 

In 2006 he was appointed as the Consul General of the Kingdom of Bahrain to Switzerland, a role held concurrently with several key ambassadorial positions; these included being the permanent Representative of the Kingdom of Bahrain to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the United Nations offices in Geneva and Vienna. 

In 2008, Abdulla Abdullatif Abdulla was appointed as the Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Austria, further solidifying his experience and expertise in international diplomacy and relations. Following this, in 2009, he received a Royal Decree appointment him as an Undersecretary for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a position they held with distinction until 2017. He began his ambassadorial tenure in Germany on 8 March 2018 after presenting credentials to Federal President Dr. Frank-Walter Steinmeier. 

From Germany, Ambassador Abdulla is accredited as non-resident top envoy to the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, Finland, Romania, Slovakia, Estonia and Norway. 

For further information 

Embassy of Bahrain in Berlin: https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=4285&language=en-US

Naval Diplomacy – A Friendly Tool for Deterrence or a Provocative Act Rooted in Neocolonialism?

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Naval Diplomacy – A Friendly Tool for Deterrence or a Provocative Act Rooted in Neocolonialism?

By Robin Makaron

Ever since man became one with the sea, maritime expenditures and strategies have been elaborated, debated, and deployed. Its history can be traced down through the years since, with varying emphases, interpretations, and terminology.

Historically, navies and ships have commonly been the military-diplomatic instrument of choice for projecting — explicitly or implicitly — the threat of politics by other means1. The term “naval” or “gunboat” diplomacy may have a modern ring to it can be traced back to the early twentieth century.2

On October 19, 2023, the Pentagon deployed the aircraft carrier Gerald R. Ford and its battle group into the eastern Mediterranean, and with the Dwight D. Eisenhower carrier strike gently on its way.

As the advancements in techno-military industries fuel the desire for power and control, the drumbeats of a worldwide war have pounded discreetly over us since the turn of the century. Most recently, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, alongside ongoing tensions between China and the United States and the Israeli-Gaza conflict accelerated its buildup.

It begs the question, is naval diplomacy an effective non-threatening tool to deter the risk of war, or is it a remnant of imperialism whose goal is to assert dominance and order at the expense of lesser nations?

Concepts and Definitions: A false perception of diplomacy?

While viewed as an effective way to deter the risk of war in the short term, naval diplomacy is “the application of naval capabilities in pursuit of national objectives during cooperation and competition below conflict”. 3

However, some experts find the term as being too narrow, emotionally charged, and burdened by colonialism.4 While theoretical aspects of its political use point to the necessity of a clear distinction from a mere “naval presence,” which is deemed insufficient as a focal point in a theory of naval diplomacy.5

Military power plays a crucial role in diplomacy, but it’s important to recognize that there are additional dimensions of power at play. 6 

The general implications of the use of military presence serve a largely symbolic role such as signaling interest and physically demonstrating support to one’s allies. It can also signal changing perspectives and changing commitments, depending on their manipulation. Its objective is to constrain the opposition’s role in a crisis which can include everything from showing the flag to establishing a false sense of security and order. 

On the other hand, naval diplomacy is defined as “the use or the threat of limited naval force in order to secure advantage or to avert loss, either in the furtherance of an international dispute or else against foreign nationals within the state’s territory or jurisdiction”.7

The foregoing definition has divided acts of naval diplomacy into two specific categories: cooperative and coercive. Its main component resides in its intent to influence behavior. The lower limit of its spectrum of activity is nonthreatening in nature and the upper limit of spectrum falls short of the state of war but can include violence8.

Yet, it raises the question of when an act of influence crosses into an act of violence and whether such provocative activity can still be legitimately classified as diplomacy.

Diplomacy is distinguished from the broader idea of foreign policy in the sense that, “diplomacy involves means and mechanism” including a wide range of techniques.

Military diplomacy, on the other hand, is defined as a set of activities carried out by the representatives of the defense department, as well as other state institutions, aimed at pursuing the foreign policy interests of the state in the field of security and defense policy. 9

This involves gathering intel on the armed forces and the security situation in the receiving state, organizing working visits of representatives of the defense authorities and peaceful stay of the military units of the sending state in the receiving state, and more importantly supporting business contracts with arms and military equipment between the sending and the receiving state.

This distinction sets military diplomacy apart from related phenomena like naval or coercive diplomacy.

In the context of its nature, naval diplomacy is not – unlike military diplomacy – a form of “diplomacy” in the sense of a non-violent instrument for the pursuit of foreign policy based mainly on negotiations, but it is in fact a specific method of the use of military force – primarily as an instrument for intimidation.

The Counterproductive effect of Naval Diplomacy on neighboring countries

As Prussian King Frederick the Great once said “Diplomacy without arms is like music without instruments”.

The intersection of force and diplomacy is one of many important topics in the fields of history and international relations10. Examining their conjunctions brings academic specialties together and broadens the scope of how nations interact.

The use of “limited naval force” is inherently a political concept because the threat of force is not limited by the size or characteristics of the ships involved. Consequently, no category of actions can be labeled as a safe threshold. The acceptance of all concerned parties of an act of force as limited rather than an act of war is independent of objective, motive, or international law.11

Introducing naval forces into an already existing crisis is often viewed as highly provocative and requires a delicate approach.12 Hence the term “diplomacy” in naval diplomacy underscores the need to stabilize the conflict, supplementing the fighting connotation of naval use.

But one must question whether its presence is prepositioned or projected into the crisis.

Warships and navies represent symbols of national sovereignty and power, and for having, not only a defense value but also a symbolic and supportive value such as diplomatic envoys. A military commander quickly learns that diplomacy is not solely the province of diplomats.

This way of action can be counterproductive. Not only can it fail to produce desired political effects but can also cause unintended and unforeseen damages.

The harsh reality is that an aggressor nation, usually a more powerful or resourceful state, which uses its force of arms, produces a fait accompli and thus in the process, from the victim’s viewpoint, commits illegalities and violates its sovereignty. The victim nation is not left with an abundance of choices. It must either accept or react to the new situation.

Domestic political factors, although complex, must be considered and should not be minimized by political leaders.13 Naval diplomacy, then, must take account of a state’s political, historical, economic, and military world view the policy environment, the decision-making processes, and internal pressures that shape the parameters and likelihood of what can be achieved.14

No one can deny that detaching the military carries housing devastating air wings and sends a powerful deterrence message to any nation that seeks to disrupt the rules-based international order.

Therefore, naval diplomatic tactics must not only be an act not intended to start a war, but also one calculated not to incite a response or worse create an everlasting resentment that could potentially broaden into a regional conflict in the long term.

Neocolonialism Resentment: Naval Diplomacy in the Middle East

As explained beforehand, naval diplomacy tends to offer short-term solutions, its “last resort” nature, its simplicity, and the gap between its idealistic objectives and practical outcomes illustrate its temporary effectiveness.

In order to be durable in the long term, it must be complemented by comprehensive foreign policy strategies that address the underlying issues driving international conflicts.

The use of sea power in “achieving world domination” was already a generally accepted concept during the Cold War. Sergey Gorshkov, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union, used the term “local wars of imperialism” to encapsulate his interpretations of this Western strategy.15

By pursuing economic opportunities in the region’s oil fields, the United States challenged Britain’s position and became a dominant power in the Middle East during the 1920s. But it must be said that America’s determination to lead, combined with an incomprehension of the region, has been the principal problem in American foreign policy.

Washington’s unwavering support for Israel in its collision with its Arab neighbors seems to underline a US instinct for the solution of problems by force. Washington was and still is a vital provider of military, economic; and political aid. It bore a key responsibility for Israel’s prolonged assault during the Lebanese civil war in the 1970s, and similarly in Gaza in 2008. These expeditions did not go unnoticed as they aroused widespread condemnation.16

Most Arab countries are absolutely convinced that American foreign policy towards the Near and Middle East is Jewish foreign policy and that the American press, and a large part of the government, are very much under the dominance of Zionists. Many individuals still think that American diplomacy is not only dollar diplomacy but oil diplomacy and that United States foreign policy is dominated by one family the Rockefellers.17

A few days back, retired General Frank McKenzie emphasized that the carriers and the flying squadrons [in the Mediterranean] give the president “options”. These options demonstrate the United States’ assertive stance in the intricate and tragic Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

While the Biden administration maintains that its primary objective is to warn Hezbollah and other Iranian proxies against getting involved in the conflict, it has also conveyed back-channel messages to Qatar, indicating its seriousness about using force if necessary. Biden’s decision may inadvertently set in motion a process of escalation.

More generally, the reliance upon naval fleets reflects the pragmatic orientation of American diplomacy inadequacy upon fanatical nation-states such as Iran. And while with most Middle Eastern states, diplomatic relationships follow a pattern, the volatile dynamics of dealing with sovereign states necessitate a more strategic and nuanced approach.18

This comes at a time when the region is currently in the midst of a change, presenting unique prospects for peace and prosperity after long decades of war and insecurity. While Saudi Arabia and Iran engaged in on-off talks, with Beijing’s mediation, to ease their bitter rivalry, and reduce conflicts, the United States finds itself no longer as influential a player in the region.

About the author:

Mr Robin Makaron
Robin Makaron is a Lebanese citizen in Paris, holds degrees in Law and Economics and a master’s in International Law from Pantheon-Sorbonne University. He’s preparing for the French Bar exam. His father, a diplomat with a doctorate in Public Law, served in various high-ranking positions worldwide, shaping Robin’s interest in global affairs.  

Notes

1 Mandel, Robert. “The Effectiveness of Gunboat Diplomacy.” International Studies Quarterly, vol. 30, no. 1, 1986, pp. 59–76.
2 As documented by the Oxford English Dictionary.
3 Department of the Navy, Naval Doctrine Publication 1: Naval Warfare (1 April 2020): 25.                               4 J. J. Widen (2011) Naval Diplomacy—A Theoretical Approach, Diplomacy & Statecraft, 22:4, 715-733        5 Richard G. Colbert, Kenneth R. McGruther Naval War College Review, Vol. 27, No. 2 (September-October 1974), pp. 3-20
6 Drab L. Defence diplomacy – an important tool for the implementation of foreign policy and security of the state. Security and Defence Quarterly. 2018;20(3):57-71. doi:10.5604/01.3001.0012.5152.
7 J. Cable, Gunboat diplomacy, 1919–1991: political applications of limited naval force (third edition), Basingstoke: Macmillan/IISS, 2016, p. 14.
8 Naval Diplomacy beneath the waves: Study of the coercive use of Submarines Shirt of War by Brent Alan Ditzler (December 1989), Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School
9 PhDr. Erik Pajtinka, Military Diplomacy and Its Present Functions, 2016
10 WEAVER, MICHAEL E. “The Relationship between Diplomacy and Military Force: An Example from the Cuban Missile Crisis.” Diplomatic History, vol. 38, no. 1, 2014, pp. 137–81. JSTOR,
11 James Cable, “Gunboat Diplomacy,” International Military and Defense Encyclopedia, vol. III, p. 1135.
12 Richard G. Colbert, Kenneth R. McGruther Naval War College Review, Vol. 27, No. 2 (September-October 1974), pp. 3-20
13 Ken Booth, Navies and Foreign Policy (London: Croom Helm; New York: Crane Russak, 1977), p. 31.
14 Edward Luttwak, The Political Uses of Sea Power, Studies in International Affairs, no. 23
(Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1974), pp. 6–8
15 Rowlands, Kevin (2012) “Decided Preponderance at Sea”: Naval Diplomacy in Strategic Thought,” Naval War College Review: Vol. 65: No. 4, Article 9.
16 Alexander, A. (2011) America and the Imperialism of Ignorance: US Foreign Policy Since 1945, Google Books. Biteback Publishing
17 McClintock, R. M. “THE ART OF DIPLOMACY: A Lecture Delivered at the Naval War College on 17 September 1964.” Naval War College Review, vol. 17, no. 5, 1965, pp. 56–71. JSTOR
18 Thomas M. DiBiagio, Law, Force & Diplomacy at Sea, by Ken Booth, 12 Md. J. Int’lL. 121 (1987)

Actions across Europe against online fraud with cryptocurrencies

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Actions across Europe against online fraud with cryptocurrencies

Eurojust coordinates operation at request of Swiss authorities

At the request of the Swiss authorities, Eurojust has coordinated several actions against an online fraud network in EU Member States, Georgia and Ukraine. This has led to searches and the freezing of bank accounts in over 20 countries. 

Investigations into the investment scam started in October 2019, following a complaint from a victim to the Swiss authorities. This uncovered fraudulent call centres and websites of alleged financial trading companies in Ukraine, and later also in Georgia. The investigation was temporarily suspended due to the war in Ukraine. At the end of 2022, however, targeted actions were taken in 23 countries, where places were searched and bank accounts and assets were frozen.

The investigations revealed that most of the victims were Swiss and German investors. The perpetrators allegedly used over a hundred websites, posing as serious investment companies, offering financial transactions in cryptocurrencies and trading options. After potential investors showed interest, they were approached over the phone and lured into making considerable investments that were subsequently lost.

Given the complexity and scale of the scam, it is difficult to estimate the exact amount of the loss and the number of victims, but investors have lost at least several million euros. Eurojust  has been providing support to the case since December 2020, helping to set up a joint investigation team into the fraud between the Swiss and Ukrainian authorities.

Three coordination meetings were held to organise a coordinated action day, during which judicial measures were taken to freeze and seize the suspects’ bank accounts and assets. The Swiss and German authorities cooperated closely in the early phase of the coordination via Eurojust and Europol.

Europol’s European Financial and Economic Crime Centre provided analytical support to the operations, while the European Cybercrime Centre, along with its Joint Cybercrime Action Taskforce, facilitated coordination among the countries involved.

The following authorities cooperated on a mutual legal assistance basis:

  • Switzerland: Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Canton of Bern; Police of the Canton of Berne
  • Belgium: Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office; Investigative Judge Court of 1st Instance Brussels
  • Bulgaria: Sofia City Prosecutor’s Office
  • Cyprus: Cyprus Police
  • Czech Republic: Metropolitan Public Prosecutor’s Office Prague
  • Georgia: Prosecutor General’s Office
  • Germany: Bavarian Central Office for the Prosecution of Cybercrime at Bamberg Public Prosecutor General’s Office
  • Hungary: Fővárosi Főügyészség Gazdasági Bűnügyek Osztálya (Metropolitan Chief Prosecution Office Department for Economic Crimes); Készenléti Rendőrség Nemzeti Nyomozó Iroda (Rapid Response and Special Police Services, National Bureau of Investigation)
  • Lithuania: Regional Public Prosecutor’s Office Vilnius
  • Portugal: Public Prosecution Offices of Lisbon, Setubal and Faro
  • Slovakia: Public Prosecutor’s Office Bratislava
  • Ukraine: Prosecutor General’s Office, Main Investigation Department; Cyber Police Department of National Police of Ukraine

President Gatti Santana launches fifth cycle of Mechanism’s Inter-University Video Lecture Programme

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President Gatti Santana launches fifth cycle of Mechanism’s Inter-University Video Lecture Programme

On November 3, 2023, Judge Graciela Gatti Santana, the President of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (Mechanism), inaugurated the fifth cycle of the Inter-University Video Lecture Programme in The Hague. During this event, she delivered an opening lecture about the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) to 120 postgraduate students from 14 law faculties and one political sciences faculty in the former Yugoslavian region.

President Gatti Santana stressed the importance of creating a regional network of students engaged with the ICTY’s legacy, educating them about ICTY jurisprudence, and equipping them with skills for utilizing and promoting the ICTY’s work. Her lecture covered the ICTY’s history, political context, mandate, and jurisdiction.

The program, titled “International Law and Facts Established before the ICTY,” consists of a series of video lectures presented by Mechanism speakers, former ICTY staff, and experts, spanning several months. It focuses on the region’s recent history, the ICTY’s role, contributions, and principles of international criminal and humanitarian law.

This year’s program involves participation from various universities and faculties, including Union University in Belgrade, the University of Donja Gorica, the University of Niš, the Haxhi Zeka University of Peja, the University of Podgorica, the University of Pristina, the University of Rijeka, the University of Sarajevo (Faculty of Law and Faculty of Political Sciences), Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, the University of Split, the University of Tuzla, the University of Vitez, the University of Zagreb, and the University of Zenica.

This Program is a component of the Mechanism Information Programme for Affected Communities (MIP). Since 2019, MIP has established a unique regional network of law faculties in collaboration with the participating universities, allowing students from different countries to learn about and discuss the ICTY’s work and legacy. These video lectures enhance students’ understanding of international criminal law and humanitarian law and provide a platform for meaningful dialogue among law students from the former Yugoslavian region.

Launched in January 2019, MIP aims to increase awareness and knowledge among affected communities regarding the 1990s conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, with a focus on ICTY and Mechanism cases. Funding for MIP is provided by the European Union.

10th  Diplomats Welcome After Summer Event  2023

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10th  Diplomats Welcome After Summer Event  2023

By Roy Lie Atjam

The Hague, Friday 8 September 2023, the end of the summer, return of the diplomatic community to town was celebrated by Diplomat Magazine in collaboration with the Embassy of Argentina and Hotel Leonardo Royal The Hague. The reception has gathered ambassadors, diplomats, politicians, and business people and many others.

Dr Mayelinne De Lara, the Publisher of Diplomat Magazine, warmly welcomed the esteemed guests to the 10th Diplomats Welcome After Summer event, hosted by Diplomat Magazine. “It’s an absolute pleasure to see so many ambassadors, judges, diplomats, and friends gathered here tonight to celebrate this special occasion.

Diplomat Magazine was founded by diplomats, for diplomats, with the commitment to support the diplomatic efforts of every mission at large. Over the years, we have strived to become an integral part of the teams representing each embassy, working tirelessly to promote your country’s policies and achievements on the international stage.

As we reflect on our journey, we take immense pride in having published over 14,000 articles,  5,500 diplomatic events and news updates. We have had the privilege of featuring more than 600 articles authored by ambassadors and organising over 100 events exclusively for diplomats like yourselves. Moreover, our collection boasts more than 50,000 pictures capturing cherished moments from your careers and the events you’ve attended, serving as a testament to our shared experiences.

The Ambassador of China, H.E. Mr. Jian Tan, the Ambassador of Rwanda, H.E. Mr. Olivier J.P. Nduhungirehe and the IOM Chief of Mission, Mr. Antonio Polosa.

It is truly an honour to have had the opportunity to host distinguished guests such as a Sultan, a Queen, numerous princes, prime ministers, presidents, ministers, ambassadors, international judges, diplomats, and academics from around the world. Many of them have contributed articles to our platform or have graced us with their insights during interviews. Your support and contributions have been instrumental in shaping Diplomat Magazine into what it is today, and for that, we are sincerely grateful.

Tonight, we would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to the visionary ambassadors who founded Diplomat Magazine: Japan, Malta, Vietnam, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua (Ambassador Carlos Arguello), and Bolivia (Ambassador Roberto Calzadilla).

We also extend our gratitude to our permanent sponsor, Leonardo Royal Hotel, for their support throughout the years. We are deeply appreciative of the collaboration of the Embassy of Argentina, which has been our partner during this event for the past decade.

Tonight, we are delighted to have the support of our sponsors Bodegas Salentein, providing us with the finest wines from Argentina, and Kaandorp Cheese the best Dutch cheese on the market. Your contributions have added a touch of joy and elegance to this evening’s festivities.

We cannot forget the diligent and talented individuals who make Diplomat Magazine possible – our team of photographers, proofreaders, volunteers and our editor, Roy Lie Atjam

In closing, as we raise our glasses in celebration tonight, let us remember that diplomacy is not just about forging alliances and negotiating treaties; it’s also about fostering understanding, building bridges, and celebrating the richness of diverse cultures. Diplomat Magazine stands as a testament to these ideals, and we look forward to many more years of collaboration, friendship and shared success.”

The next speaker was Mr  Diego Sadofschi, Charge d’affaires a.i. of the Embassy of Argentina.

“I’d like to start by thanking Mrs. De Lara and her team for hosting once again this X edition of Diplomats Welcome After Summer Drink.

As many of you know, the Argentine embassy has regularly participated in this annual event, since its first edition 10 years ago. For us it´s a real pleasure to be part of this activity where the diplomatic community of The Hague meets again at the end of the summer.

Like in past editions, we are happy to share with all of you, two of our best wines: Malbec and Chardonnay, and our sparkling wine, all courtesy by Verbunt Verlinden for Bodegas Salentein.

You will also have the opportunity to savour the classic Argentine empanadas, which hold a special place in both our gastronomic and cultural heritage. Tonight, we invite you to embark on a journey full of the exquisite flavours and cultural treasures that define Argentina. So, I encourage you to indulge your senses and immerse yourself in this delicious exploration of Argentine cuisine and viticulture.

Take a moment to immerse yourself in the captivating beauty of Argentina through an amazing visual journey. As you explore the breathtaking images of our country, let the landscapes, colours and culture transport you to the heart of Argentina. This year, we are also delighted to invite you to visit the wonderful tourist destinations in Argentina, through videos and photographs.

We truly hope that in the near future you will be able to visit our country and enjoy its hospitality and natural beauties, as well as its gastronomy and wines.

We are really proud to say that Argentina is a wine country that can be discovered and enjoyed from north to south. It offers a stunning diversity of terroirs and unparalleled natural beauty which along with the warmth of its people make it ideal to enjoy a unique experience. Hopefully tonight, through music and wine, you will all have a taste of our country!

As  closing remark let me let me just say that in the 11th edition, next summer  I hope to deliver my speech in Spanish since we have seen in The Hague much progress during 2023 in its usage. You made recall the HCCH historic decision to adopt Spanish as an official language. This decision together with other initiatives to promote the Spanish language  – like the 44th session of the External Program of The Hague Academy of International Law that will be held in Asunción, Paraguay- will undoubtedly benefit not only Spanish speaking people but all stakeholders in mutual binding instruments in particular in the area of International Cooperation.”

Mr Jean-Marc Thouvenin, Secretary General of The Hague Academy of International Law.

The Secretary General of The Hague Academy of International Law, Mr Jean-Marc Thouvenin, delivered a detailed presentation on the Academy’s past, present (Centenary of the Academy), and upcoming activities.

 A live Jazz Band led by Gary Kavanagh and a singer animated the evening. There was a constant flow of tasty Argentinian snacks and drinks. The event was a celebration of the relations of friendship and fraternity between the diplomatic community, the authorities of the host country and the Dutch friends in creating spaces and setting bridges between us to continue strengthening cooperation among all parties.

Belt and Road Initiative: A Road of Prosperity for the New Era

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Belt and Road Initiative: A Road of Prosperity for the New Era

By Eleni Bampaliouta

In 2013, President Xi Jinping put forward the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). After a decade of development, the BRI has effectively promoted economic integration and interconnected development, and delivered benefits to all. It has laid down a pathway toward mutual benefit, win-win outcomes, prosperity and development in an age rife with turbulence and change.

The BRI shines the light of development and provides new impetus for global development. Development holds the master key to solving all problems and is a timeless theme for humanity. The BRI, focusing on development which best serves the common interests of all countries, has provided a platform for development with great inclusiveness, and promoted the common development and prosperity of all countries around the world. From 2013 to 2022, the total value of China’s trade in goods with key Belt and Road partner countries grew at an average annual rate of 8.6 percent, and the two-way investment exceeded USD 270 billion. Newly signed contracts of projects are worth over USD 1.2 trillion, and an array of infrastructure projects including roads, bridges and ports have come into commission, further promoting land, maritime, air and cyberspace connectivity.

The Belt and Road cooperation is not a solo performance, but a symphony played by all. The BRI has effectively synergized development strategies and practical demands among partners, and has helped partner countries transform their own advantages into tangible fruits of development. Over the past decade, overseas cooperative industrial parks including Thailand-China Rayong Industrial Zone and Ethiopia’s Eastern Industry Zone have flourished, serving as a catalyst for local industrialization and modernization. The World Bank estimates that by 2030, Belt and Road cooperation will bring an annual benefit of USD 1.6 trillion to the world, accounting for 1.3 percent of the global GDP and injecting strong impetus into global development.

The BRI shines the light of happiness and makes new contributions to people’s well-being. The people are the foundation of a state. When the foundation is strong, the state will be secure. Improving people’s livelihood has become another distinctive feature of the BRI. Over the past ten years, the BRI has helped lift nearly 40 million people out of poverty and created paths toward opportunity and prosperity for the local people. A large number of “small yet smart” livelihood programs such as schools, hospitals and stadiums have been put in place one after another, and more and more people are living a better life with a greater sense of happiness and benefit.

The China-Europe Railway Express completed over 15,000 freight services, serving as a health train delivering medical supplies during the pandemic. In January this year, the China-aided African Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) headquarters, the first CDC in Africa featuring modern office facilities and high-end laboratories, was successfully handed over. Facing the global food crisis, China and its BRI partners have been actively engaged in agricultural cooperation and popularized hybrid rice, Juncao and other practical technologies, making positive contributions to ensuring food supply for the local people.

The BRI shines the light of hope and opens up new prospects for common prosperity. The U.N. 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is now encountering difficulties in its implementation, and the development gap keeps widening. Countries around the world have a stronger aspiration for development and cooperation. Many developing countries have seized the momentum of the BRI and got on board the express train of China’s development. As we accelerate the development of the health Silk Road, the digital Silk Road, the green Silk Road and the Silk Road of innovation, more opportunities for cooperation will be created. This will open up broader prospects for industrial upgrading, energy transformation and innovative development in those countries.

Talents are the most important asset that secures a bright future. Under the framework of Belt and Road cooperation, China has vigorously carried out relevant talent exchange activities and research cooperation. With the help of Luban Workshops, China has put in place vocational workshops in more than 20 countries to provide vocational and technical training for local young people, boosting the internal growth drivers of relevant countries.

The third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation will soon be held in Beijing. It will be the grandest event to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the BRI, and an important platform for all parties to discuss high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. We hope that all parties, standing on the new starting point, will make the pie of development increasingly bigger, so as to provide solid support for people’s well-being and create more opportunities for economic growth. In doing so, we will usher in another wonderful decade on this road of global prosperity.

Martin Luther King Jr.: A True Authentic Leader

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Martin Luther King Jr.: A True Authentic Leader

By Mostafa Sayyadi & Michael J. Provitera

Charismatic leaders are bread to be reckoned with but inspirational charismatic leaders that are authentic, like Martin Luther King Jr., brought joy, hope, and a positive attitude to their nations. Authenticity leads to greater trust and engagement. Therefore, becoming an authentic leader can be very valuable for leaders. Authentic leadership requires the development of four leadership characteristics, and we show in this article how four leadership characteristics that made Martin Luther King Jr. ultimately bring greater trust and engagement to his nation.

The first characteristic of authentic leaders is extraordinary commitment. King continuously improved himself to motivate his followers more effectively. His “I have a dream” speech resonated with people because most people heard of goals or objectives but not dreams. He had an inner commitment that equipped him with better human qualities than his predecessors.

King perpetuated a superior quality in himself and used each opportunity to continuously change and transform himself. A clear example of this feature can be seen in King’s awareness and friendship with Mahatma Gandhi. His familiarity with Gandhi formed the basis for a permanent change in his thoughts and attitude to promote anti-racism in the United States of America.

King’s high self-awareness cultivated his emotional intelligence. He was one of the first icons of SWOT, which stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Always seeking to improve his strengths and eliminate, or lessen, his weaknesses. His high level of discernment and continuous self-evaluation as an authentic leader provided him with a better understanding of himself and caused him to better understand others to know their feelings and beliefs better.

King had more respect and value for the beliefs and feelings of others. The “I have a dream” speech best captures this self-awareness cultivated in Martin Luther King Jr. when this authentic leader, understanding the white American community without negating their values ​​and beliefs, focuses on portraying a future characterized by Justice and equality which, he felt, go hand in hand. This feature of authentic leadership communication is attractive and exciting in every society and for every person from every background and race. Ergo, the new contagion of diversity, equity, and inclusion.

The third characteristic of King’s authentic leadership is his mission and vision orientation. He was able to take a negative culturally evasive norm and turn it around instantly. This can be manifested in the last, but not least characteristic of King’s authentic leadership, his motivation to fulfill his life mission. By creating a big mission, King mobilizes followers’ beliefs to achieve the defined mission of self-awareness. “Every man has value, and value is represented of every man (and woman).”

King stays with his followers in the most difficult times and the most unexpected events and continuously motivated them to prepare their mentality to resist and overcome obstacles. Martin Luther King Jr. recognized and embraced an important goal when he said, “I was a drum major for justice, peace, and righteousness” and “We shall overcome because the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.” As a modern-day philosopher, he continuously motivated his followers through his communication channels when he said, “We must accept finite disappointment, but never lose infinite hope” and “Out of the mountain of despair, a stone of hope.”

We must all embrace the notion that MLK is the father of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, as nations and countries become more focused on the long-term goals and prioritize authenticity in their macro development strategies. Becoming an authentic leader is a great benefit for political leaders. As Nancy Koehn, author and professor at Harvard University, says “It’s what we’re thirsty for now,  we are looking for leaders who can help us make a leap of faith and be integral to creating a better world, and to believe this is worthy of doing so, and possible.” Regardless of the political or corporate position you are in today, attempt to develop authentic leadership characteristics and improve your emotional intelligence so that you can be a successful, lasting and influential politician, or leader, like Martin Luther King Jr.

The only constant is change

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The only constant is change

By Alexandra Paucescu

She has that fine and distinguished attitude that most French women have. I remember perfectly the first time I saw her, at a New Diplomatic Year reception, during my ‘German years’. But life in the diplomatic world takes you from one place to another and it is often that you don’t get the chance to properly meet a person or to discover her completely. This is what happened to us, but, luckily, nowadays technology and social media can be a big help and bring people from great distance to just a click away. And that’s how I discovered her beautiful life story.

French Sylvie Teisseire-Klause studied literature and linguistics and had decided to become a teacher. But she met her German diplomat husband 38 years ago on ‘neutral ground’ as she puts it, in England. From then on, life took her to Bonn and later to Warsaw, Washington DC and London, with Berlin as their home base.

‘We fell immediately in love with Poland, our first posting. A lively and joyful spirit and a strong sense of community can be found in Polish culture; not to mention their warm hospitality, their love for music and dance. America made also a deep impression on our entire family. Our children mostly grew up there as teenagers, and we all appreciated the country’s diversity, its natural beauty and breathtaking landscapes, its vibrant, enthusiastic and cheerful society, we cherished the country’s openness and the fact that people are non-judgmental’.

When asked about her profession, she tells me: ‘as for many diplomatic couples, our different postings did not always make it easy or possible to pursue my initial career, which is why I kept on studying and changed my job twice. ‘

She worked for the network of Lycée Français abroad, then, while in DC, she decided to take a career change and follow her other passion: yoga. ‘I taught yoga in the corporate world, in schools, spas and gyms, at the German Embassy to colleagues in the lunch breaks. I started my own studio, specialized in Hatha and Raja Yoga, and kept on studying Yoga philosophy, ancient texts and Sanskrit till 2018, when I did my Advanced Teacher’s Training to become an Acharya (post graduate degree). Everything came to a standstill when Covid hit, but there again, I jumped at the opportunity to start a new training, a three-year program to become a certified Yoga Therapist.

Teaching yoga for more than a decade has increased my general interest in the human body, the mind and health in general and the whole process convinced me it should be more accessible to everybody. Yoga Therapy is a holistic and powerful way to help people cope with their very specific, individual health issues. Not a lot of people in Europe know about it. We are half way between physiotherapists and psychotherapists, as we work and focus on the body-mind connection. It is an emerging job on the Old Continent, but it is very popular in the USA and even covered by Medicare when the one-on-one tailor made sessions are designed to support the patient with cardiovascular diseases and mental health (PTSD, depression, anxiety, stress, etc).

I got my credentials from the International Association of Yoga Therapists when we moved to London. In the months following our settling in the UK, I worked on my professional website and a new adventure started… but I never stop studying: I am a teacher forever and a lifelong student!’

As a very active person, she loves turning her hobbies into useful projects, ranging from leading and organizing diplomatic tennis group’s activities to raising funds for local charities. ‘As a marathoner, I run to raise awareness and money to support various causes. I hike a lot too (another fund raiser), which is at the same time a very pleasant way to discover a country. I have always done a lot of volunteer work: teaching (catechism) or helping in the different parishes or local humanitarian organizations we happened to belong to over the years. I am convinced that we are blessed to be able to give, and as diplomats we are definitely givers’. Such a nice way to put it!

She embraced change as the only constant in her life, which she filled with things and activities that brought her joy. She raised three confident, independent and accomplished children and built her own happiness, embracing a cosmopolitan attitude while permanently improving social skills and cultural experiences, but also sticking to diplomatic protocol.

‘I have always found the international diplomatic community very supportive and empathetic, because yes, there can be challenging times… It has been a great comfort sometimes and I am grateful for all I’ve learned from such a diversified group of individuals, who all share the same concerns, from our representative and supportive roles to our necessary resilience, our learning new languages, our adapting to new circumstances, our enjoying similar interests and the motivation to engage in altruistic actions and projects.

It goes without saying that the smaller the country the easier it is to connect. Some diplomatic colleagues or people we came across turned into lifelong friends and technology allows us to maintain a close and lasting connection when far away. To me, these friendships are priceless. Meanwhile, we always try to offer our guests the opportunity to get to know our country. With our German-French background, we try to combine both cultures, especially when it comes to cuisine and wines!

Outsiders might not always see the work we do as spouses, all the planning, orchestrating, logistics… but even if we work behind the scenes, they do appreciate the result. We have roles of representation and supportive roles… sometimes we would wish to be a bit more supported ourselves. Sometimes it takes time to initiate a project and before it has even had the chance to grow and develop, you have to move again… and complaining about that drawback can be taboo… That is why I like to stick to those lines: No regrets, just lessons. No worries, just acceptance. No expectations, just gratitude… and then, life will smile back at you!’


Sylvie fondly speaks about her parents who shaped her personality and welcoming nature, which helped tremendously in the diplomatic life.  ‘We used to have a lot of guests at home. My parents are wine lovers and epicures. I learned everything from my mother as far as “l’art de recevoir” (the art of hosting) is concerned. Even today, at the age of 81, she still takes it to heart to treat her guests the best she can and emphasizes hospitality. It has always been an honor and a delight to carry on in her footsteps, and follow that exquisite tradition by hosting our guests in that warm and thoughtful manner’.

She is grateful for the life she lived, for the many interesting people that she had the chance to meet, from the Late Queen Elisabeth II to President Obama and other charismatic world leaders.

She thinks that ‘diplomacy promotes peace and so does yoga. Everyday my husband and I dedicate ourselves to promote actions and goals that recognize our individual and collective responsibility to foster peace and make this world a better place… each of us differently’.

In the end, Sylvie wisely concludes: ‘Happiness is nothing to look for and find. It is work, we create it. Joy or rather “la joie de vivre” is a medicine. So, make your own joy, every-single-day. And share, share, share!’

About the author:

Alexandra Paucescu

Alexandra Paucescu- Author of “Just a Diplomatic Spouse” Romanian, management graduate with a Master in business, cultural diplomacy and international relations studies.

She speaks Romanian, English, French, German and Italian,  gives lectures on intercultural communication and is an active NGO volunteer.

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