Opening of the Trial of Hashim Thaçi, Kadri Veseli, Rexhep Selimi and Jakup Krasniqi

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Opening of the Trial of Hashim Thaçi, Kadri Veseli, Rexhep Selimi and Jakup Krasniqi

On 3 April 2023, the trial against Mr. Hashim Thaçi and co-accused Kadri Veseli, Rexhep Selimi and Jakup Krasniqi will open before the Kosovo Specialist Chambers (KSC). Opening statements are scheduled on 3, 4 and 5 April, starting at 9:00. The hearings can be followed in the three languages of the court, Albanian, Serbian and English, via the streaming function on the KSC website, with a 45-minute delay.

The initial indictment against the four accused was confirmed on 26 October 2020, and amended on 3 September 2021, 29 April 2022, and 30 September 2022. A lesser redacted version of the indictment was filed on 27 February 2023. This is currently the operative indictment in this case.

Each of the accused is charged on the basis of individual criminal responsibility with six counts of crimes against humanity: persecution, imprisonment, other Inhumane acts, torture, murder, and enforced disappearance of persons. Each of the accused is also charged with four counts of war crimes: illegal and arbitrary arrest and detention, cruel treatment, torture, and murder.

Hashim Thaci, instituut Clingendael.(Den Haag 23-04-18) Foto:Frank Jansen

The indictment states that the crimes charged were committed from at least March 1998 through September 1999 and took place in several locations across Kosovo as well as in Kukës and Cahan, in Northern Albania. They were allegedly committed by members of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) against hundreds of civilians and persons not taking part in hostilities. The indictment alleges that Thaçi, Veseli, Selimi and Krasniqi are individually criminally responsible, pursuant to various forms of criminal responsibility, for crimes which were committed in the context of a non-international armed conflict in Kosovo and were part of a widespread and systematic attack against persons suspected of being opposed to the KLA.

Starting on 3 April, the Specialist Prosecutor’s Office (SPO) will deliver their opening statement and has been allocated a maximum of 5 hours to do so. Next, the Victims’ Counsel is scheduled to make his opening statement, which will last a maximum of 45 minutes. After the Victims’ Counsel, each of the four Defence teams will deliver their opening statements. These statements are scheduled to begin on 4 April.

Hashim Thaci, instituut Clingendael.(Den Haag 23-04-18) Foto:Frank Jansen

140 individuals have been admitted to participate in the proceedings as victims. Persons demonstrating that they have suffered physical, mental or material harm as a direct result of a crime alleged in the confirmed indictment applied to participate in proceedings before the KSC. This included both individuals who were directly subjected to harm and individuals who indirectly suffered harm, for example, because they were in a close relationship with a direct victim who was allegedly killed or injured.”

The Trial Panel has indicated that the presentation of evidence in the trial, including the calling of witnesses by the SPO, will begin on 11 April 2023.

The West must face the uncertainties created and entertained by globalization

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The West must face the uncertainties created and entertained by globalization

Following successes of the similar programs in Europe (Vienna and Geneva notably), the Istanbul-based International Organization along with its European (think-tank, academia, cultural diplomacy, and media) partners decided to launch the special executive program for future leaders on its own.

Hence, by the Program’s launch on 24th February 2023, this format gathered participants of diverse professional backgrounds and varied geographies, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East – largely the emerging leaders from the government, international organizations, or industry. The Future Leaders Executive Program’s concept is rather simple: Participants are spending a whole day with top-level speakers – mainly the world leaders that shaped events of the past decades (two per month, last Friday-Saturday in month) in an open, Chatham House rules-based atmosphere, all situated within the historic premisses of the city on two continents.

On the 24th of March 2023, Yves Leterme, former Prime Minister of Belgium in the context of the 2nd month of the Future Leaders Executive Program, entertained its participants on various issues, ranging from the Global Leadership Crisis to the uncertainties of the future and all the consequences its entails.

The maxim “To govern is to foresee” once summed up a fundamental rule of effective governance. It is beginning to sound more and more like “To govern is to manage the unpredictable.”

This adage appeared as the title of a document that served as the full session’s lesson plan.

The Prime Minister left a lasting impression on the audience by combining logical political and business strategies, outlining important social issues in detail, and leaving enough room for debate from a range of viewpoints. The political choices and plans Mr. Yves Leterme have made throughout his tenure are based on well-known traits of Belgium, the state of its economy at the time, history, and his capacity to foresee global events.

The fundamental concept of government must be to assume responsibility for managing public affairs, unpredictable events and situations, political fervor, and opinion formation with a focus on managing disaster and uncertainties.

Following his presentation, topics covered included managing a world that is changing quickly, the demographic explosion, climate change, and resource shortages, as well as geopolitical changes, globalization, international political economy democracy, etc.

Addressing the governance crisis in third-world countries, Yves points out the fact that β€œDemocracy and good governance cannot be exported but supported”. He thinks that many of the issues face by the governments in crisis in the global south are due to the attempt of the Western world to impose democracy in those countries.  Moreover, he does think that democracy is something that does not exist, and we shouldn’t talk about it. He took the example of countries that are not democracies but whose economic situation is not fallen apart.

As the session was moving toward its end, the Prime Minister gave his insights on the role of Belgium in regional cooperation at the EU level and in international cooperation as so many institutions are headquartered in Brussels.

In closing the session, he took advantage of a question asked on his opinion of youth participation in politics and expressed his faith in the capacity of young people to work for the betterment of the world.

As the event draw to a close, Prime Minister Yves Leterme and President of ICYF, Taha Ayhan (as a principal host to the event) jointly expressed what all participants had already concluded throughout the day: that the Future Leaders Executive Program offers a unique setting. Excellency Prime Minister and President Taha both agreed that this particular format – in which an established experience meets the new passions and drives through cross generational leaders’ talks – represents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for emerging leaders from verities of environments: the state, intergovernmental, and corporate sectors of all meridians.

The day-long talks with Excellency Leterme was an enlightening, farsighted and engaging experience for all who participated. It gave a lasting impression on the attendees and inked a top standard stamp for the Program’s forthcoming rounds.

The mesmerising ship of insights and wisdom gets a full swing sail once again. Its next fascinating port of call awaits before too long, with a former Secretary General of OPEC, Dr. Adnan Shihab-Eldin and former EU Commissioner for Agriculture and Fishery, Dr. Franz Fischler (on 28th and 29th April).  

About the author:

Faroukou Mintoiba

Faroukou Mintoiba graduated from Istanbul Commerce University with a master’s degree in political science, with a specialization in African Studies and International Relations.

As a social activist, he has been a consultant in humanitarian work and voluntarism for different organizations. He advocates for youth social and political involvement and is currently working at Istanbul-based international organization ICYF (Islamic Cooperation Youth Forum).

Uzbekistan Chooses Path of Protecting Human Rights and Freedoms

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Uzbekistan Chooses Path of Protecting Human Rights and Freedoms

By Timur Akhmedov, Head of the Department of the Institute for Strategic and Interregional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

On April 30, 2023, a referendum on amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan will be held. The new Constitution is aimed to change the principle “state – society – person” to “person – society – state”, in other words, to put the interests of an individual above everything else.

According to the draft of the new Constitution, the human honor and dignity are inviolable, and nothing can be the ground for its discrimination. At the same time, the ambiguities in the legislation occurring in the interaction of a citizen with state bodies will be interpreted in favor of the citizen.

In this context, it is worth emphasizing that these measures clearly reflect the country’s development directions and the actions undertaken in protecting human rights. In 2020, the National Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Human Rights was adopted. The Strategy is aimed at protecting personal, political, economic, social and cultural rights, as well as in the field of sustainable development. The improvement of mechanisms for the implementation of international human rights standards in legislation and law enforcement practice was also established as a priority.

It is remarkable that thanks to the implemented reforms the issues of ensuring human rights and freedoms in Uzbekistan are under the close attention of not only the state, but also of the whole society. Within the framework of the current legislation, the civil society institutions take the most active part in its improvement, public monitoring of the rights of socially vulnerable segments of the population, informational and educational activities, as well as in the preparation of periodic national and alternative reports on the fulfillment of international obligations in the sphere of human rights.

Human rights issues in Uzbekistan’s foreign policy

The protection of human rights is also a priority in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan. The government attaches great importance to the development of international cooperation in this area. The interaction is carried out in line with the basic principles and measures established by the UN and OSCE documents.

In particular, during the recent meeting with the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker TΓΌrk highly praised Uzbekistan’s achievements in eliminating child and forced labor, promoting gender equality, ensuring the independence of the judiciary and the rule of law.

In addition, the ratification by Uzbekistan of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the establishment of a national preventive mechanism for the prevention of torture with the participation of civil society institutions, and the repatriation of women and children from conflict zones, as well as the creation of all the necessary conditions for their social reintegration were particularly emphasized.

As a confirmation of the fulfillment of its international obligations within the framework of cooperation with the UN Human Rights Council, in 2018, Uzbekistan extended a standing invitation to all thematic mandate holders of the UN special procedures.

For instance, the Special Rapporteur of the UN Human Rights Council on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers Diego GarcΓ­a-SayΓ‘n visited Uzbekistan in September 2019.

From November 29 to December 7, 2021, at the invitation of the government, a delegation led by the Special Rapporteur of the UN Human Rights Council on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms While Countering Terrorism Fionnuala NΓ­ AolΓ‘in paid a visit to the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Alice Edwards is expected to visit Uzbekistan in 2023.

Recognition of the international community

It should be noted, that the reforms undertaken in this area have gained deserved recognition at the international level. In October 2020, Uzbekistan became a member of the UN Human Rights Council, a high-profile UN intergovernmental body, with its mission to promote and protect human rights around the world. Uzbekistan’s candidacy was supported by 169 of 193 UN member-states. This event took place for the first time in the history of our national statehood.

In February 2021, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev took part and addressed the 46th Session of the UN Human Rights Council.

This was the first time when Uzbekistan was represented at the highest political level on the global human rights platform. Since the foundation of the Council in 2006, only 20 heads of state have directly addressed the annual sessions of the world’s principal human rights body. Uzbekistan was the first post-Soviet country to take advantage of this privilege.

Today, the world community considers the New Uzbekistan as a stable and dynamically developing state of democratic transformations, a country of great opportunities and practical affairs. For example, the UN Secretary-General AntΓ³nio Guterres stated that β€œunder the leadership of the President of Uzbekistan, the country is contributing to international efforts related to climate change, environmental protection and regional connectivity, while undertaking a significant reform process. Uzbekistan, as a member of the UN Human Rights Council, has taken on a special obligation to promote and protect human rights. The United Nations will continue to count on the Republic of Uzbekistan to promote the values and principles enshrined in the UN Charter.”

The initiatives of our President put forward in the international political arena, including on issues of ensuring human rights and interests of citizens, strengthening regional cooperation, are gaining more and more recognition from the world community. Over the past years, 11 documents initiated by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been adopted at the international level.

In 2018-2022, at the President’s initiative, six important UN GA special resolutions were adopted aimed at strengthening regional and international cooperation in order to ensure peace, stability and sustainable development in the Central Asian Region, promoting tolerance, non-discrimination and respect for human rights based on the implementation of the principle of “Enlightenment against ignorance”; supporting tourism and sustainable development of our region; transformation of the Aral Sea Region into a zone of ecological innovations and technologies; strengthening connectivity between Central and South Asia; strengthening the role of parliaments in accelerating the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Only in 2022, a number of documents prepared by the Uzbek side were disseminated as the UN documents. These are, in particular, the Bukhara Declaration of the International Forum “Dialogue of Declarations”, the Tashkent Declaration of the International Conference dedicated to the tenth anniversary of the joint implementation of the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy in Central Asia, the documents of the Samarkand SCO Summit on dialogue and cooperation in an interconnected world, as well as the Samarkand Solidarity Initiative for the Sake of Common Security and Prosperity.

National reports and the implementation of recommendations

Over the past few years, Uzbekistan has developed a system of reporting to the UN mechanisms, which meets international requirements and provides timely preparation and submission of national reports on the fulfillment of its obligations in the sphere of human rights and freedoms.

A key component of this system is the preparation and adoption of National Action Plans for the implementation of the recommendations of the UN Charter and Treaty Bodies following the consideration of national reports.

In 2022, the UN treaty committees heard three national reports of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, as well as the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women.

For the first time, more than 10 non-governmental non-profit organizations have taken part in the presentation of reports via videoconferencing. Along with this, for the implementation of the recommendations made in the final comments to the national reports, the National Plans were approved by the joint resolution of the Kengashes (Councils) of the Legislative Chamber and the Senate of the Oliy Majlis.

In general, it can be noted with confidence that our country has chosen the path of building a democratic state governed by the rule of law with a socially oriented market economy and the formation of a civil society. The long-term goal of reforms in Uzbekistan is to join the ranks of modern developed, democratic states, to provide the people with decent living conditions and a worthy place in the world community.

To this end, Uzbekistan intends to hold a referendum to amend the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which must guarantee all human rights and freedoms, regardless of gender, nationality, faith and beliefs . The new Constitution will also strengthen the democratic processes in the country, which are becoming progressive and irreversible.

Indonesia Takes Centre Stage at Hannover Messe 2023 to Forge New Partnerships

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Indonesia Takes Centre Stage at Hannover Messe 2023 to Forge New Partnerships


By H.E. Mr. Arif Havas Oegroseno, Ambassador of Indonesia in Germany

Indonesia is ready to take centre stage as the official partner country of the Hannover Messe 2023, the world’s largest industrial trade fair. With a focus on showcasing innovative products and services, as well as forging new partnerships with international industry players, Indonesia is fully committed to leveraging this event to bolster its economy and solidify its position as a global player.

This is not Indonesia’s first time participating in the Hannover Messe, having been a partner country in 1995 and in the digital version in 2021. This time around, Indonesia is bringing around 150 companies representing various industries, from Automation, Motion & Drives, Digital Ecosystems, Energy Solutions, Engineered Parts & Solutions, Future Hub, and Global Business & Markets.

The theme of the partnership between Indonesia and Hannover Messe 2023 is “Infinite Journey,” which highlights Indonesia’s national target roadmap for Indonesia 4.0. This roadmap is an ambitious plan that aims to transform Indonesia into one of the world’s top 10 economies by 2030. It focuses on five key areas: human capital development, infrastructure development, creating a business-friendly environment to foster innovation and entrepreneurship, and industrial transformation.

Indonesia’s Economic Growth Trajectory and Its Potential for Foreign Investors

Indonesia is a must-consider destination for the global industry due to several factors, especially during these times. Indonesia’s economy has been on a steady growth trajectory for years, and the country has established itself as a key player in the global market.

One of the reasons why Indonesia is a perfect partner for the global industry is its abundant natural resources. From minerals to timber and palm oil, Indonesia has a wealth of resources that are in high demand around the world. In fact, in 2021 Indonesia was the world’s 13th largest exporter, with exports totalling US$191 billion. This is a clear testament to the country’s potential as a valuable trading partner.

Indonesia’s natural resources present many opportunities for foreign investors to collaborate with Indonesian companies and help them develop sustainable and environmentally friendly industries.

Another reason why Indonesia is an attractive partner for the global industry is its democracy and political stability. Indonesia is the world’s third-largest democracy, and its political system has remained stable for more than two decades. The country’s stable political environment provides a favourable investment climate, allowing foreign investors to focus on developing their businesses rather than worrying about political risks.

Indonesia’s huge market is another factor that makes it an ideal partner for the global industry. With a population of over 270 million people, Indonesia is the world’s fourth most populous country. The middle class is projected to grow from 74 million in 2020 to 135 million in 2030, according to a report by McKinsey & Company. This large population, with over 60% of the population under the age of 40, is not only large but also incredibly dynamic and innovative market. Combined with a growing middle class and a dynamic, digitally savvy youth generation, its presents enormous opportunities for foreign investors to tap into Indonesia’s consumer market. As of 2021, Indonesia’s digital economy was valued at $44 billion and is projected to grow to $124 billion by 2025. This growth is being driven by a young, dynamic, and digitally-savvy population, with over 170 million internet users in the country.

Indonesia and Its Global Commitment to Net-Zero Emissions

Indonesia is also part of the global solution in climate change and is in line with the global commitment to net-zero emissions. The country has set an ambitious target of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 41% by 2030, in line with the Paris Agreement. This commitment presents opportunities for foreign investors to collaborate with Indonesian companies in developing sustainable industries, such as renewable energy, waste management, and sustainable agriculture. This commitment to sustainability is also resonated in the Hannover Messe 2023 theme of “Infinite Journey,” which emphasizes the importance of finding the best balance of sustainable solutions for industry and the environment.

Lastly, Indonesia welcomes investment with partnerships for fair trade and cooperation. The Indonesian government has implemented various policies to attract foreign investors, such as simplifying regulations and offering tax incentives. Furthermore, Indonesia has signed various free trade agreements, including with Australia, China, and Japan, as well as ASEAN RCEP and in negotiation with EU for the Comprehensive Economic Partnership, that are providing a strong-solid avenue for the relations.

Indonesia’s Infinite Journey

In the Hannover Messe this year, Indonesia will showcase the national roadmap β€œMaking Indonesia 4.0” and its implementation to date, the Indonesia’s Special Economic Zones, innovation in seven priority sectors of Industry 4.0, the green industry, and the start-ups innovations. And to complete the showcasing, several conferences covering topics ranging from sustainability and energy transition to human capital will also be presented.

Located in Hall 2 of the fairground, the 3000 sqm National Pavilion of Indonesia will take visitors on an “Infinite Journey” by presenting the iconic “Pinisi,” an Indonesian traditional sailing vessel that has been used by Buginese sailors since the early 20th century.

The Pinisi’s significance goes beyond its historical value. It serves as a powerful symbol of Indonesia’s infinite journey towards Industry 4.0, showcasing the nation’s readiness to embrace future challenges with resilience and determination, just as it has done throughout its maritime history. By showcasing the Pinisi and its timeless design, Indonesia aims to inspire visitors to embark on the infinite journey towards progress and innovation while staying connected to their cultural roots.

For further information 

Hannover Messe: https://www.hannovermesse.de/en/

Embassy of Indonesia in Germany: https://www.kemlu.go.id/berlin/en

Experience meeting passion in Cross-generational Leaders’ talk: Challenging Days for Multilateralism

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Experience meeting passion in Cross-generational Leaders’ talk: Challenging Days for Multilateralism

Following successes of the similar programs in Europe (Vienna and Geneva notably), the Istanbul-based International Organization along with its European (think-tank, academia, cultural diplomacy, and media) partners decided to launch the special executive program for future leaders on its own.

Hence, by the Program’s launch on 24th February 2023, this format gathered participants of diverse professional backgrounds and varied geographies, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East – largely the emerging leaders from the government, international organisations or industry. The Future Leaders Executive Program’s concept is rather simple: Participants are spending a whole day with top level speakers – mainly the world leaders that shaped events of the past decades (two per month, last Friday-Saturday in month) in an open, Chatham House rules-based atmosphere, all situated within the historic premisses of the city on two continents.

On the 25th of March 2023, Ambassador Lamberto Zannier, former Secretary General of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, spent a full day with an eagerly anticipating audience at the Future Leaders Executive Program. Worth mentioning is that Ambassador Zannier holds a Doctorate in Law, an advanced degree in International Relations from Societa’ Italiana per le Organizzazioni Internazionali in Rome, and an honorary doctorate in International and Diplomatic Sciences (2016) from the University of Trieste, Italy.

Ambassador Zannier’s exceptional career includes previously serving as the Representative of Italy to the Executive Council of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in The Hague (2002 -2000), Chairperson of the negotiations on the adaptation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (1999 -1998), and Head of Disarmament, Arms Control, and Cooperative Security at NATO (1997 -1991). Prior to these senior positions, he served in Rome, Abu Dhabi, and Vienna, dealing with economic affairs, development, disarmament, and security. From 1976 to 1977, he worked at the Legal Office of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Rome on issues related to international river basins and the shared use of internal waters.

Throughout the day-long exchanges with the Future Leaders Executive Program (FLEP) participants, Excellency Zannier elaborated on his experiences as the former Secretary General of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (second largest security mechanism right after the OUN), particularly his work on multilateralism, conflict prevention, and crisis management. Prevaling cultures, passions, drives and interests in international politico-military and socio-economic arena have been also toughly examined. Unavoidably, Ambassador Zannier generously and enthusiastically shared his views on the ongoing Donbas Crisis and Ukraine-Russia conflict, the Minsk Agreement, climate change, and food security, as well as on other issues that represent serious challenge for our contemporary multilateralism.

In addition, he discussed the role of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in promoting regional security and stability, as well as its efforts to address emerging threats such as cybercrime and terrorism. The day was filled with vivid exchanges of views and opinions, inspiring reflection, and a farsighted yet amicable atmosphere, with direct, personal access to the notable guest.

As the event draw to a close, Lamberto Zannier and President of ICYF, Taha Ayhan (as a principal host to the event) jointly encapsulated what all participants had already concluded throughout the day: that the Future Leaders Executive Program offers a unique setting. They both agreed that this particular format – in which an established experience meets new passions and drives through cross generational leaders’ talks – represents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for emerging leaders from the state, intergovernmental, and corporate sectors of all meridians.

The day-long talks with Excellency Zannier was an enlightening and engaging experience for all who participated. It left a lasting impression on the attendees and imprinted a high standard stamp for the Program’s forthcoming rounds.

The magic ship of knowledge and wisdom sets its sail once again. Its next fascinating port of call awaits in just a few short weeks, with a former Secretary General of OPEC, Dr. Adnan Shihab-Eldin and former EU Commissioner for Agriculture and Fishery, Dr. Franz Fiischler (on 28th and 29th April). Β 

.

About the author:

Feyza Nur Başkaya OsmiΔ‡

Feyza Nur Başkaya OsmiΔ‡, is an Istanbul-based lawyer, with a profound academic background from the Istanbul University (Faculty of Law), University of Zagreb, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and international projects throughout the Netherlands and France.

She is attached to the international organization, the ICYF (Islamic Cooperation Youth Forum).

Is Mr. Musk’s AI moratorium a subterfuge to aid others in catching up with ChatGPT?

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<strong>Is Mr. Musk’s AI moratorium a subterfuge to aid others in catching up with ChatGPT?</strong>

By Dr. Robert Suzic

Summary: Whereas ChatGPT is an innovative AI tool, it does not produce ground-breaking content and is not a new AI brain. Despite its benefits in language enhancement, coding efficiency, and storytelling, prominent figures such as Elon Musk and Steve Wozniak express deep concerns about potential risks of the technology and are calling for its six-month long moratorium. However, some motives for their concerns may be impeding competition or overhyping the technology in order to acquire additional funding for their ideas.

Risks such as biased training data, commodification of knowledge that may jeopardize information, and personal data protection issues are valid AI-specific concerns. The proposed AI development moratorium is likely an illusion. Instead of stopping AI-development, embracing change, educating oneself about ethical AI, and improving the responsiveness of watchdog organizations can be more effective in addressing these challenges while maintaining AI’s positive contributions to society.

Many who have delved deeper into ChatGPT realize that it doesn’t produce ground-breaking, awe-inspiring content. Although innovative, it remains a somewhat mediocre tool when compared to truly creative content creation by a human. Indeed, it can be highly beneficial for language enhancement, coding efficiency, storytelling, and fact presentation. Yet, it also can be likened to an average politician who lacks expertise in every issue but always has an opinion, and can deceive without remorse.

Geoffrey Hinton, often considered the godfather of artificial intelligence for his early advocacy of neural network-based machine learning, also asserts, in his CBS interview[1],  that ChatGPT isn’t particularly impressive from an AI reasoning standpoint. OpenAI, the organization behind ChatGPT has never claimed that the ChatGPT is an all-powerful AI. Thus is ChatGPT a new AI brain? The answer is no. However, it can supplement aspects of our brain’s linguistic centre’s capabilities. The key distinction with rational humans is that it isn’t designed to make decisions. Nevertheless, AI in general and ChatGPT can offer valuable insights for decision-making. These insights should always be scrutinized, just as we would with any advice received from an advisor. We, humans should mentally adjust that what computer says is not always necessary fact or true, it is just an output to be interpreted.

Then why are notable figures like Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla and co-founder of OpenAI, Steve Wozniak Apple co-founder who praised ChatGPT in a CNBC interview last month, and Professor Russel, a general AI pioneer, voicing their concerns in an open letter titled “Pause Giant AI Experiments[2]“?

Although ChatGPT’s algorithms are largely open, OpenAI has devoted an immense amount of time to training and fine-tuning it. Competitors appear to be trailing behind and may want to catch up. Mr. Musk, in particular, might be even more discontented since he sold OpenAPI for 30 times less than its current valuation. He announced just a month ago that he is considering starting a rival AI business. Thus, why not first impede the competition? The second motive could be overhyping ChatGPT and chatbot technology, turning it into something it is notβ€”an all-powerful vicious and uncontrollable AI brain. In this way it is easier to securing funding for a new “holy grail” technology project.

Upon examining the references in the Open Letter, it becomes clear that many of the risks apply to any information system, whether AI-based or a conventional one, such as producing inaccurate or unreliable outputs. Many old 10+ years information systems contain millions of lines of code where oversight of business logic is almost impossible to grasp. Nonetheless, three primary AI-specific risks should not be simply overlooked, and those are:

  1. Biases in training data, which can perpetuate stereotypes, spread abusive language, and inflict psychological harm. In the case of ChatGPT, OpenAI dedicated considerable effort to cleaning the text used for training. While one might argue that OpenAI’s approach was exemplary, Time Magazine reported that some of ChatGPT’s contractors were remunerated a meagre wage of 2 USD per hour in Kenya, and subsequently experienced psychological harm[3] while cleaning the text used for training.
  2. Easier security breaches with ChatGPT – Since ChatGPT simplifies software development and can mimic “company language,” it may also be exploited by less tech-savvy malicious actors. In other words, one doesn’t need to be an expert like Mr. Robot to compromise information security.
  3. Intellectual and personal data protection – This issue calls for greater transparency in AI model training to ensure that no legal violations occur.

In conclusion:

β€’ Embrace change and boost productivity – The proposed moratorium or slowing down of AI development is more of an illusion and a call for media attention to initiate a much-needed broader discussion. If we slow in down in the West, China will take the AI-lead. Instead of slowing down, we should focus on AI-utilization as well as increasing productivity in the context of an already fragile global economy.

β€’ Educate yourself – Rather than hindering AI development, why not embrace the inclusion of responsible (ethical) AI in university curricula? AI companies should also be more transparent about their data handling practices and algorithms they use. Additionally, professional courses on this subject should be offered. Becoming informed before forming an opinion on a topic should be a guiding principle.

β€’ Watchdog organizations should be able to react more quickly – AI -or for that matter Blockchain-regulation should address the most prominent risks. Lawmakers, industry experts, and public representatives should collaborate to regulate only the most urgent aspects, rather than indiscriminately prohibit anything with a self-improving nature that could ultimately help humanity cure diseases, or make the world a better place.

[1] CBS interview with Geoffrey Hinton https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpoRO378qRY

[2] Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/pause-giant-ai-experiments/

[3] OpenAI Used Kenyan Workers on Less Than $2 Per Hour to Make ChatGPT Less Toxic – https://time.com/6247678/openai-chatgpt-kenya-workers/

About the author:

Dr. Robert Suzic

Dr. Robert Suzic – Technology PhD degree from KTH – The Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, and holds a track record of 23 years professional experience in the Information Technology field

Meeting H.E. Ms. Carolina Olarte BΓ‘cares, Colombia’s Ambassador in The Hague

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<strong>Meeting H.E. Ms. Carolina Olarte BΓ‘cares, Colombia’s Ambassador in The Hague</strong>

After a long academic career in the field of international law, H.E. Ms. Carolina Olarte BΓ‘cares has become the Ambassador of Colombia to the Netherlands. Within the broad portfolio in her hands, she plans to focus on three issues in particular: peace, just energy transition, and women.

On January 25th, 2023, H.E. Ms. Carolina Olarte BΓ‘cares presented her credentials to His Majesty King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, thus officially becoming the Ambassador of the Republic of Colombia in The Hague.

The new Ambassador brings with her an impressive amount of expertise in the domain of international law, owing to her academic engagement in this domain during the past two decades. Starting with a Bachelor of Laws at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana of Bogota in 2001, in the span of 19 years Ms. Olarte BΓ‘cares went on to become the Dean of her alma mater’s Law School.

In between, a number of successes in the academic world and beyond: a Master of Research in International Law from Robert Schuman University in France, a PhD in International Law at university Paris 1 PanthΓ©on-Sorbonne, teaching, research and guest lecturing positions at several prestigious universities across the Americas and Europe, as well as professional engagements with the UNHCR and the International Bar Association.

Owing to this long-standing career, The Hague is not a new city for Ms. Olarte BΓ‘cares, who has been a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, as well as an agent of Colombia before the International Court of Justice.

In this new role, her task – representing Colombia in the Netherlands – is a broader one, but one that the new Ambassador is taking up with excitement. β€œFor a Colombian lawyer and international jurist like me, promoting the interests of Colombia in The Hague is undoubtedly a very significant opportunity” – H.E. Ms. Olarte BΓ‘cares said during the inauguration remarks following the presentation of her credentials.

Reflecting the breadth of the bilateral ties between Colombia and the Netherlands, the Ambassador’s portfolio is set to be a vast one. Within this broader framework, the Ambassador plans to focus on three specific areas: peace, a just energy transition, and women. After presenting these three priority areas during her inauguration remarks, the Ambassador discussed them in depth with Diplomat Magazine Publisher Ms. Mayelinne De Lara.

The Ambassador’s focus on peace reflects the strong focus adopted by her government on the β€œTotal Peace Policy”, which seeks to achieve peace in the country by negotiating with all armed group, as well as by including local communities in the negotiations.

For the implementation of this policy, Colombia plans to work with its international partners, including the Netherlands, who have already been providing their support to the building of peace in the country – the Ambassador noted. β€œTotal peace also implies constant collaboration with international criminal law institutions, such as the International Criminal Court, from a constructive and increasingly positive perspective of complementarity.”

The peace process in Colombia has included the creation of a number of innovative, ad hoc institutions such as the Special Jurisdiction for Peace and the Truth Commission. β€œOne of my aims as Ambassador – Ms. Olarte BΓ‘cares told Diplomat Magazine – is to explain abroad the details of this long-term peace laboratory that we are going through in Colombia. This experience is very innovative, and it could be extremely useful for other countries and in other contexts.”

As a second priority for her mandate, the Ambassador stressed that β€œColombia has a fundamental interest in strengthening bilateral relations with the Netherlands in favor of its energy transition and the promotion of renewable energies.” Colombia sees itself as a β€˜world power for life’, and as such it is β€œcommitted to a just energy transition that responds to the global crisis generated by climate change” – she added.

Areas of focus for Colombia are the development of solar and wind power capacity, as well as the implementation of green hydrogen projects and the strengthening of a circular economy. In these areas, there is a lot of room for cooperation with the Netherlands – the Ambassador told Diplomat Magazine. For instance, a Memorandum of Understanding has been signed between Colombia and the Port of Rotterdam, to enable the stocking of green hydrogen and its transport to Europe.

Delving into her third priority area, women, the Ambassador explained that Colombia is currently in the process of drafting a feminist foreign policy based on three key premises: pacifism, intersectionality, and  participation. β€œThis policy addresses the root causes of gender inequality in the country and helps us bring them to international arenas with the aim of working together with others to overcome these causes” – the Ambassador noted. β€œThe collaborative work that we can promote from the Colombian Embassy in the Netherlands, both bilaterally and multilaterally, will be decisive in advancing this purpose” – she added.

During her conversation with Diplomat Magazine, Ambassador Olarte BΓ‘cares also voiced her desire to further strengthen existing cooperation mechanisms for knowledge exchange – an area naturally dear to her owing to her academic background. The Ambassador praised the role of Dutch-funded programmes is this domain – such as the Orange Knowledge Program, which helps people from rural and conflict-affected areas to access quality education. She also noted the existence of networks of Colombian researchers and professors in the Netherlands, and expressed her interest in supporting them to grow further.

The diplomatic community of the Netherlands wishes Ambassador Olarte BΓ‘cares and her staff all the best for bringing forward this ambitious agenda in the coming years!

Indonesia’s ASEAN Chairmanship in 2023 and ASEAN – EU Cooperation

Diplomat Magazine
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<strong>Indonesia’s ASEAN Chairmanship in 2023 and ASEAN – EU Cooperation</strong>

By H.E. Mr.Β Andri Hadi, Ambassador of Indonesia to the EU, Embassy to Belgium and Luxembourg

The competition for power was indeed one of the raison d’etre of the establishment of ASEAN in which our founding fathers foresaw during the Cold War era. Therefore, the concept of geopolitical rivalries in the region is not something new, in which currently is predominantly portrayed by the US and China, especially in the South China Sea and in the Taiwan Strait. While ASEAN continues to aspire to be the driving force in the region, the geopolitical rivalries between the two superpowers present a challenge for ASEAN to maintain its unity and centrality.

The global economy is entering a pronounced slowdown amid the threat of the COVID-19 variants and rising inflation, debt, and income inequality that could jeopardize the recovery in developing countries. This situation is further exacerbated by food and energy insecurity due to the war in Ukraine. The conflict has affected food production and global supply chains. In addition, the conflict has negatively affected the world energy supply chain, especially in Europe.

Amid the regional and global challenges mentioned above, Indonesia took over the ASEAN chairmanship in 2023 from Cambodia. Indonesia’s ASEAN Chairmanship in 2023 theme is ASEAN Matters: Epicentrum of Growth. The theme reflects Indonesia and ASEAN’s vision to address the current regional and global challenges.

Under the theme ASEAN Matters: Epicentrum of Growth, Indonesia put forward three priorities for its Chairmanship in ASEAN 2023, namely: ASEAN Matters, Epicentrum of Growth, and Implementation of ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific (AOIP).

The term β€œASEAN Matters” refers to Indonesia’s vision to establish an ASEAN that maintains its relevance internally to its peoples and externally to the Indo-Pacific Region and the world. Epicentrum of growth means that ASEAN must always be the fulcrum of economic growth that is inclusive, resilient, and sustainable. The 4 cooperation priorities, are i) Strengthening ASEAN health architecture; ii) strengthening food security; iii) ensuring energy security to support the transition from fossil energy to clean and renewable energy; iv) strengthening financial stability.

Last but not least is the implementation of AOIP. Indonesia will identify a list of concrete projects for the implementation of AOIP that will include all ASEAN partners. Indonesia will convene several flagship events under the ASEAN-Indo-Pacific Forum to implement AOIP. One flagship event is the ASEAN Indo-Pacific Infrastructure Forum toward the ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific (AIPIF) to be held on 6 September 2023. Our chairmanship will also strengthen ASEAN relations with the Pacific.

ASEAN-EU cooperation would play a significant role among these three priorities, as long as it is based on the principle of equal partnership and respect. We must shift away from the assumption that β€œmy standard is better than yours” as highlighted by President Joko Widodo during his opening remarks on The ASEAN-EU Commemorative Summit held in Brussels on 14 December 2022.

The issuance of the EU’s Strategy for Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific, The Strategic Compass, and the Global Gateway, clearly indicate that the EU has a strong interest in increasing its presence and cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. Ultimately, there is a growing need for ASEAN and the EU to work together to ensure that the spirit of enduring collaboration in the region will prevail, not competition.

Under the framework of Global Gateway, for example, the President of the European Commission has announced 10 Billion Euro investment package until 2027 at the ASEAN-EU Commemorative Summit 2022, which will include green and digital transition sectors. There is also a commitment from the EU to provide 30 million Euro initial funding under the framework of ASEAN – Green Team Europe Initiative.

For further information 

Mission of Indonesia to the EU, Embassy to Belgium and Luxembourg: https://kemlu.go.id/brussels/en/pages/rbi/4191/etc-menu

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Photography by Mission of Indonesia to the EU 

The Miracle of Delft Blue – China’s gift to the World?

Diplomat Magazine
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The Miracle of Delft Blue – China’s gift to the World?

By Professor Richard Griffiths

In January I was showing my friend and colleague Sarah Ward the sights, including a visit to the Kunstmuseum Den Haag (The Hague Art Museum). Sarah is editing a book on China’s cultural influence along the (ancient) maritime silk road. If you visit the museum, you cannot miss the fact that it boasts an exhibition on the β€˜The Miracle of Delft Blue’. β€œWho is writing that chapter?” I asked. The reply that she did not (yet) have a chapter on the subject, launched me on a wonderful journey of investigation and discovery. She has that chapter now. 

Let’s start with a few basics. First China’s blue and white export porcelain influenced blue and white ceramics everywhere. They are also blue and white. Second, for the Dutch, the experience with Chinese porcelain started in 1602, with the capture Chinese cargoes on board Portuguese vessels. It intensified after 1629 when the VOC (Dutch East India Company) established its own trade links with Chinese suppliers. And it ended in 1643 when civil war in China brought the trade to a forty-year-halt. Third, although the Dutch industry became almost exclusively identified with the city of Delft, it certainly did not start there. Delft began to penetrate the market only after the 1650s with an influx of producers from neighbouring cities. Finally, although Chinese patterns were initially imitated, before long the blue and white medium became an inspiration for innovation in both decoration and form.

The original Chinese export porcelain plates were Buddhist-inspired and typically had a flower, bird or insect in the main design and a rim divided into panels. We will stay with plates since they allow an easy comparison of different styles.  

Plate from the wreck of the Witte Leeuw, 1613 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, NG-1977-167-W

However, the Dutch appetite for such designs soon waned, the prices they could commend fell and the VOC demanded new, more exotic designs – β€˜Chinese figures, water, landscapes, pleasure houses…. with their boats, birds and animals (as) all this is well-liked in Europe.’ Since trade was disrupted before this could take effect, Dutch potters started making them themselves.

Plate by Willem Jansz. Verstraeten, Haarlem or Rotterdam 1650-60 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, BK-NM-8242

Chinese porcelain did not arrive in a vacuum. Since the mid-16th century Dutch potters had been inspired by colourful β€˜majolica’ ceramics whose colours and patterns had been introduced by Middle Eastern and Italian producers. It was not difficult to copy these designs into the new blue and white colour of Chinese imports.

Plate 1625-1635 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, BK-1977-262

Another source of inspiration for the development of Dutch blue porcelain was the artistic milieu in the country itself. This was the β€˜Golden Age’ of Dutch art which stretched from paintings to engravings and ceramics. The interrelationship was personal as well as intellectual since potters, engravers, glass makers, tapestry weavers, faiencers, booksellers, sculptors as well as painters were all members of the Guild of Saint Luke. If we look at Delft in the 1650s, ‘artist painters’, like and Jan Vermeer, made up only half of the 109-membership. Copies from engravings were exceedingly popular. The one below is a copy of an engraving of an Old Testament scene of an angel stopping Abraham from killing his own son. Note, however, the Dutch city-scape on the right which was certainly not in the original!

Plate by Willem Jansz. Verstraeten, Haarlem or Rotterdam 1650-60 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, BK-1958-33d.

By the start of the last quarter of the century, Delft potteries alone had the capacity to produce nine million pieces annually. Even half of that figure would have been considerable, bearing in mind that the size of the population was little more than two million. The industry was known for the technical excellence of its products dominated the Dutch domestic market and was expanding rapidly abroad. There was one final dramatic flourish to come.

Between 1650 and 1672 the Dutch Republic had decided to dispense with a ruling position of the β€˜Stadshouder’.  When Prince William III was restored to the position, he decided that his status needed some β€˜grandeur’ to match that of fellow rulers (not least Louis XIV of France). In 1684 he hired a French architect to create a baroque effect with tapestries, mirrors and grand display cabinets of the very best Dutch blue ceramics. When, through marriage, he also became King of England, he had even more royal palaces to transform. β€˜Royal Delft’ flourished as never before.

Pair of Flower Pyramids, Delft, 1685-1690 Haagse Kunstmuseum, The Hague, (1060704)

An illustration of a plate could not do this period justice. The grandest piece of all, that was replicated time and again, was the so-called β€˜flower pyramid’ to display individual blooms. There are several elements in their design. First, and most obvious, the blue and white colour scheme owed its origins to the Chinese porcelain imported at the start of the century. Second, the concept of perforated flower vases came from Turkey (also the source of the tulips that provoked the tulipmania of the 1630s). Finally, the idea of a tower made of porcelain may have had some roots in the 80-metre high porcelain tower of Nanjing, built in 1412 and illustrated in the Netherlands for the first time in 1665. That tower, like the towers illustrated, also had nine stories, and nine was the number associated with imperial status in China.

Delft Blue

β€˜Delft blue’ is so associated with the Netherlands that it has almost become a clichΓ©. But next time you see an imitation in a tourist shop window, why not take it as a reminder to see some of the β€˜real thing’.

Places to visit:

  • Kunstmuseum Den Haag
  • Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (Room 2.2 and special collections 0.7 and 0.10)
  • Royal Delft Museum
  • Museum Princenhof, Delft

Israel and the Netherlands: Two small countries, a big partnership

Diplomat Magazine
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Israel and the Netherlands: Two small countries, a big partnership

One year into his tenure as Ambassador of Israel to the Netherlands, H.E. Mr. Modi Ephraim talked with Diplomat Magazine Publisher Dr. Mayelinne de Lara about the bilateral ties between the two countries.

After a diplomatic career spent mostly in Latin America and in the United States, H.E. Mr. Modi Ephraim has for the last year been Israel’s top representative in The Hague – his first posting in Europe. β€œIn this context – the Ambassador said – the commemoration of the Holocaust is something of particular importance. A large part of the Jewish community here disappeared during the Holocaust. And yet, we have seen recently that many young people in the Netherlands do not know what happened. Even worse, we see an increase of anti-Semitic incidents. The Israeli government, together with the Jewish community, the Dutch government, NGOs and all other relevant stakeholders, is working to correct this trend”.

Presenting credentials to H.M. the King of the Netherlands on February 2, 2022/ H.E. Mr. Modi Ephraim : C Jeroen van der Meyde.

Bilateral ties between the Netherlands and Israel are currently very strong, Ambassador Ephraim explained, pointing at the visits to Israel made by Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte in October and by Foreign Minister Wopke Hoekstra in May. These visits covered all aspects of the bilateral ties between the two countries, ranging from investment in the hi-tech sector to international cooperation in the fight against terrorism. The October visit by PM Rutte also paved the way for further diplomatic exchanges, set to involve civil society, academics and business people.

74 years Israel in Madurodam.

In his interview with Dr. De Lara, Ambassador Ephraim emphasized the importance of people-to-people exchanges between his country and the Netherlands. The field of arts is a prime example of these dynamics. Both countries are very active in the international arts scene, and Israeli artists – musicians, dancers and writers – often come to the Netherlands for exchanges. A prominent Israeli writer, David Grossman, recently won the 2022 Erasmus Prize. The coming months will see more and more initiatives in the arts domain. In September, Israel will join the Embassy Festival in The Hague, with a delegation of artists set to participate in the event. Moreover, a number of initiatives are being planned to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the State of Israel – not only in The Hague, but across the whole of the Netherlands.

H.E. Mr. Modi Ephraim : C Jeroen van der Meyde.

Overall, H.E. Mr. Ephraim said, “the Netherlands and Israel are both small countries in terms of size and population, but they both have big ambitions, hard working people, and a multi-cultural background.” On this basis, cooperation between the two countries can thrive – and Ambassador Ephraim is set to work hard for this to happen.

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