A New Hub for Greek Books in The Hague  

By Audrey Nguyen

One year after an interview with Diplomat Magazine, Stanza Bookshop opens a new Greek section in collaboration with the Embassy of Greece in the Netherlands. The inauguration ceremony took place on-site on November 10th, 2022. 

The event hosted local members of the Greek community, Stanza’s staff members, and the Embassy. In our conversations with guests, we learned about how this project came to be. 

In recent years, Stanza has received personal requests for Greek books. Although a Greek collection was not previously available, the store would still provide for individual orders. The need for Greek books was also present in the Embassy, but H.E. Ambassador Caterina Ghini said, “We could not find them anywhere!” Thus, when they stumbled upon this international bookstore at the heart of The Hague, an idea immediately came to mind. 

The Embassy reached out to Stanza’s owner, Karina Romay, intending to establish a new provider of Greek books. Considering the requests she had gotten from her customers, Karina was thrilled by the concept. Since August 2022, the Embassy worked closely with Stanza to connect the store with Greek publishers. It was a new experience for everyone.

Karina does not speak Greek and was initially not very familiar with Greek literature, while the Embassy had never worked with books. With their combined efforts, their plan materialized and a new Greek section was added to Stanza.

New Greek children books at Stanza book store.

The store currently houses almost 300 Greek titles of a wide variety for all ages. Aside from literature of different genres, the books cover cooking, travel, and political science, among other topics. There are children’s books, in addition to early reader and language books. The latter two are not only suitable for young kids but also learners of the Greek language. Many available titles are also translated from Greek into numerous languages, including English, French, and German. Indeed, this diversity suggests a section catered to readers of all interests and backgrounds, including non-Greek-speaking customers. 

This attribute was echoed in our talks with Ambassador Ghini and Attache Eleni Godevenou. The project is catered toward Greek people in the Netherlands who had difficulty finding books in their mother tongue. There are approximately 40,000 Greek people residing in the Netherlands, including those working at international organizations and students. The Embassy wishes to bring a sense of home to this Greek community living abroad. However, they hope the project can serve non-Greek people as well.

Considering the number of travelers in Greece and people’s general fascination for Greek culture, especially its history and cuisine, the new section definitely achieves this purpose. Ambassador Ghini believes that the love for reading truly “brings everyone together.” 

Since the new addition, Karina has seen a clear uptick in Greek book sales. The news had clearly spread among the local community even before this official inauguration. 

In other regards, Stanza Bookshop has also expanded. A second location has opened across the street from the first branch that hosts the Greek section. The store is still receiving some final touch-ups, but it has already come into shape and is open for business. The team is exhilarated by the extra space, especially because it helps with hosting events, such as readings for children. Stanza’s collection has broadened as well, as we see a more extensive stock of Eastern European books. They cover languages like Albanian, Hungarian, and more recently, Ukrainian.  

Stanza Greek book section opening event.

It is without a doubt that Stanza Bookshop continues to keep the joy of reading alive for people from all different backgrounds. This has not changed since we last met with Karina. Greek is another language that Stanza has opened its doors to, but is unlikely to be the last. 

About the author:

Audrey Nguyen

Thuc Anh “Audrey” Nguyen – Vietnamese student studying BSc International Relations and Organizations at Leiden University. 

Her mother’s career in foreign affairs allowed her to experience diplomatic life growing up. The unique international setting of her childhood sparked her interest in global affairs. After moving to The Hague a few years ago for her mother’s assignment, she has stayed behind to begin her own path in International Relations. 

Turkmen delegation at the EU-Central Asia Connectivity Conference

Friday, 18 November 2022, Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan: On the sidelines of the EU-Central Asia Connectivity Conference, the head of the Turkmen delegation Vepa Hajyiev encountered the Vice President of the European Commission, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell.

During the meeting, the importance of bilateral and regional cooperation and the implementation of the transformative power of the green and digital agenda to increase the benefits for our regions were discussed.

The conference had the topic ‘Global Gateway for Sustainable Development’. It was attended by government delegations of the states of Central Asia and the leadership of European political and financial institutions.

The purpose of the conference was to develop intra- and inter-regional dialogue to achieve sustainable connectivity in accordance with the European Global Gateway strategy, which was launched on 1 December 2021, as well as to present Team Europe cooperation initiatives in Central Asia.

During the conference, issues related to sustainable connectivity, creating opportunities for expanding and deepening interregional ties in the areas of digitalization, strengthening transport routes, water-energy and environmental protection were discussed.

The delegations also discussed topical issues of cooperation in the areas of diversification of transport routes, digitalization, as well as green energy development.

In his speech, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Vepa Hajyiev noted that digitalization is one of the priority areas of development policy in Turkmenistan.

It was emphasized that the Turkmen side considers it promising to implement projects on the use of digitalization to facilitate and increase regional trade and transit, rational use of water resources, as well as projects to increase human potential in the field of digitalization, including in the field of cybersecurity.

For further information 

Turkmen Foreign Ministry: https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/news/3453

Mission of Turkmenistan to the EU, Belgium, and Luxembourg (HE Ambassador Sapar Palvanov): https://belgium.tmembassy.gov.tm/en

AI and the Green Agenda – A European Perspective 

Vice President of the European Parliament Eva Kaili, Chair of the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA) hosted the ‘European Tech Futures Summit’ at the European Parliament (14-17 November 2022). The eclectic week included numerous events calling attention to the state of the European Union’s technological innovation, and debated the way forward in transforming the Union into a leader in the fields of green technologies and regulation, taking into account the EU’s climate and sustainability goals as well as the citizens’ fundamental rights. 

MEP Eva Kaili opened the week on 14th November 2022 with a trans-Atlantic and pan-European digital function that brought together Deutsche Bank’s Jennifer Courant, Head of Sustainability at the division for Technology, Data and Innovation as well as Centre for Digital Governance’s Prof. Joanna Bryson and the Centre for Sustainability’s Prof. Lynn Kaack at Hertie School in Berlin. 

The three topics discussed were the following: 

Why do we talk about sustainability and CSR during a European Tech Future Summit? 

Embedding sustainability in a firm’s strategy and throughout all its operations is not just a business imperative, it is an increasingly challenging requirement. Sustainability objectives are shaping business models, and technology and data will continue to be the enablers. It is one thing to set overall sustainability goals and commitments, it is far more nuanced to recognize all the elements and the important adjacencies – beyond carbon and environmental topics and driving towards a step change in diversity, equity, inclusion and governance. This is the ultimate transformation of business models for organizations, and importantly, their people. To show that caring for these goals can change the way we work, the impact we have and the ability for capital markets to not just keep the economy strong, but resilient and with a mindset of sustainability in the most positive, life impacting way. To lay out goals, build thoughtful execution roadmaps and do this through informed, data-led decisions – we need to make the most of data. Data, technology and artificial intelligence allow us to connect business strategy, day-to-day operations and sustainability goals into business transformation and decision making. 

Which is the tech, and tech policy innovations being developed within the EU to boost our green/sustainability/CSR agenda through AI, and other new technologies?  

The EU is developing a plethora of initiatives in order to provide frameworks for businesses to live up to the green transition goals whilst remaining competitive vis-à-vis other large markets. The EU merely in June 2021 set up the US-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC) as the USA remains our major partner for technological exchanges.  

Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain are high on the EU’s agenda, the latter owing to the European Parliament recent approval of the Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) regulation, wherein the technology’s energy efficiency was put under the microscope by parliamentarians. The EU approach to AI regulation is forthcoming, yet it is reasonable to expect that sustainably compliant products shall be promoted. As a matter of fact, the European Union is already preparing a new proposal for a Corporate Sustainable Due Diligence Directive encouraging large businesses to anchor human rights and environmental considerations in their operations; trying not to overburden the SMEs but helping them to change their models. AI and other new technologies will likely fall hereunder. 

The World Economic Forum estimates that 70% of the new value created in the global economy over the next decade will be digitally enabled; AI, Big Data, Cloud, and blockchain will be major players, and the European Union is sparing no effort in setting green and sustainable standards from the outset through our regulation. 

How can we use AI to bring ourselves forward in our sustainable, environmental and social goals as a Union?   

Without question, the sustainability agenda is humanity’s most essential, because without our own persistence none of our other long-term goals can be achieved. The term Artificial Intelligence (AI) is often confused to mean “humanlike”, which historically, was even tied up with “divine” and other supernatural links. But framed as the subset of intelligent agencies for which humans are responsible for the construction and design, we can see why AI is not only something that can be regulated, but also that it can be used as part of the global approach to sustainability.  

The need to act on climate change has become more important than ever, and it is only one of many urgent sustainability goals. As the field of artificial intelligence, in particular machine learning, is developing rapidly we need to choose a path where AI tools are primarily deployed in ways that align with our sustainability objectives. AI can for example aid in designing new built infrastructure, optimizing energy systems to become greener, and provide better access to social services.  

Such changes will require not only technological but also cultural and political innovation. Governance is essential for implementing strategies that benefit all. We need to not just accommodate but fully embrace goals that are sustainable, and exclude the unsustainable. This includes embracing fairness, since unfair policies will never be stable. New technologies need to be accessible and beneficial for all, and this requires a conscious effort by society, industry, and politics. Now is a critical time to ensure that AI will help us as a Union to move towards a more sustainable future. 

For further information  

Vice President Eva Kaili – European Parliament: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/125109/EVA_KAILI/homehttps://www.evakaili.gr 

Deutsche Bank Innovation Network: https://www.db.com/what-we-do/responsibility/sustainability/https://www.db.com/what-next/digital-disruption/better-than-humans/ 

Hertie School Centre for Digital Governance: https://www.hertie-school.org/en/centre-for-digital-governance  

Hertie School Centre for Sustainability: https://www.hertie-school.org/en/sustainability  

Alex Whiting succeeds Jack Smith as Acting Specialist Prosecutor

Alex Whiting has succeeded Jack Smith to become the Acting Specialist Prosecutor of the Specialist Prosecutor’s Office (SPO).

Mr Whiting’s term as Acting Specialist Prosecutor will last until a new Specialist Prosecutor is appointed. He has exactly the same authorities as a Specialist Prosecutor and there will be no interruption in the work of the SPO in any respect.

Mr Whiting, 58, is a prosecutor of French and US nationality with extensive experience of both domestic and international prosecutions. He has worked for the SPO since June 2019, originally as Head of Investigations and since August 2020 as Deputy Specialist Prosecutor.

Mr Whiting came to the SPO from Harvard Law School, where he had been a professor of practice since 2013.

Between 2010 and 2013, Mr Whiting was in the Office of the Prosecutor at the ICC where he served first as Investigations Coordinator, overseeing all investigations, and then as Prosecutions Coordinator, overseeing all prosecutions.

Before joining the ICC, Mr Whiting taught for three years as an assistant clinical professor of law at Harvard Law School.

Between 2002 and 2007, Mr Whiting worked for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), where he was lead prosecutor in the trial of Fatmir Limaj, Isak Musliu, and Haradin Bala, and lead prosecutor in the trials of Milan Martić and Dragomir Milošević.

Before joining the ICTY, Mr Whiting was a US federal prosecutor, first with the Criminal Section of the Civil Rights Division in Washington, DC, and then with the US Attorney’s Office in Boston, Massachusetts, where he focused on organised crime and corruption cases.

Mr Whiting is a graduate of Yale College and Yale Law School.

Mr Smith is leaving the SPO to take up a post as Special Counsel in the United States to oversee two ongoing criminal investigations, to which he was appointed by US Attorney General Merrick B. Garland.

Mr Smith was appointed Specialist Prosecutor in May 2018 and took office in September 2018.

Eurojust assists in returning historic painting by Artemisia Gentileschi to Italy

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A historic 17th century painting by the Italian baroque painter Artemisia Gentileschi has been returned to Italy, with the active support of Eurojust. Two suspects are being investigated for fraud and attempts to illegally sell the painting of the legend of Roman Charity in Austria. They obtained an export license for the painting while disguising its origins and value.

Eurojust provided rapid assistance through its Italian and Austrian National Desks by supporting the execution of a European Investigation Order and a freezing certificate at the request of the judicial authorities in Bari. The value of the painting is estimated at over EUR 2 million.

Commenting on the return of the painting, Mr Filippo Spiezia, National Member for Italy at Eurojust, said: ‘I’m delighted that the rapid and good cooperation with our Austrian colleagues at the Agency has led to the return to Italy of this important piece of cultural heritage. It confirms the commitment of the Italian Desk at Eurojust to the recovery of major assets of historical, cultural and artistic value. This commitment is also reflected in a new operational protocol we have agreed upon with the Italian Ministry of Culture and the Cultural Heritage Unit of the Carabinieri.’

The painting was commissioned to the Italian female painter Artemisia Gentileschi in the first half of the 17th century by Count Giangirolamo II of Acquaviva. The painting depicts the Roman Charity and the legend of Cimone and Pero, as narrated by Valerio Massimo, and belonged to the legacy of the late Count.

By disguising the fact that the painting was by Gentileschi and underestimating its true value, in 2019 the suspects got an export license from the Italian Ministry of Culture, using a Tuscan brokerage company. The painting was then transferred to Austria, where it was due to be auctioned for a much higher price than the indicated value. A similar modus operandi had previously been used by other suspects with another Gentileschi painting.

Investigations into the case were started in 2020 by the Cultural Heritage Unit of the Italian Carabinieri, which managed to trace the painting to an auction house in Vienna. The Public Prosecutor’s Office of Bari subsequently had the export license cancelled by the Ministry of Culture. Eurojust provided the essential support to enable the judicial cooperation so the painting could be seized at the auction house by the Austrian Police, with the assistance of the Italian embassy in Austria.

Eurojust support to joint investigation team MH17: three suspects sentenced to life imprisonment

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The Dutch Court of The Hague sentenced three suspects today to life imprisonment for their involvement in the downing of flight MH17 on 17 July 2014, which led to the tragic loss of 298 lives. Eurojust supported the investigations, by rapidly assisting with the setup of a joint investigation team (JIT) between the Netherlands, Belgium, Ukraine, Australia and Malaysia.

The three suspects were trialled in absentia by the District Court of The Hague, which in this case took place close to Schiphol Airport. They were also sentenced to the payment of EUR 16 million in damages. Of the three convicted, two are of Russian and one of Ukrainian nationality. A fourth suspect, who was represented by lawyers, was acquitted.

The day after the tragedy, Eurojust received an urgent request for assistance from the Dutch authorities to coordinate investigations in the various Member States and third countries concerned. On 4 August 2014, the JIT was set up, with legal, financial and logistic support of the Agency.

The Malaysian Airlines flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur was downed above Ukraine, with most of the victims being of Dutch, Malaysian and Australian origin. Victim were nationals from 16 different countries, the so-called ‘grieving nations’.

Eurojust organised a series of coordination meetings at the start of the JIT. In June 2019, Eurojust organised a meeting with representatives from all grieving nations in which they expressed their trust in the Dutch system and underlined the importance of the rights of the next of kin.

Prosecutors discuss rising threat to citizens of increased use of cheap fake car parts   

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The increasing use of fake car parts poses a growing security risk for road users, leading to deadly accidents and serious bodily harm. Furthermore, the use of fake parts is a serious infringement of the copyrights of original producers. To tackle this rising problem, prosecutors and law enforcement officials gathered at Eurojust today to discuss how to prosecute this crime more effectively. One method is cumulative charging, adding charges such as manslaughter, causing bodily harm and fraud to copyright infringements to raise the level of sentencing.

The fitting of fake car parts usually happens when original pieces are replaced during repairs. Due to the infiltration of fake parts into the legal supply chain, owners of workshops are often not even aware of the fact that the replacement parts they have purchased are counterfeit products. This can lead to the retrofitting of faulty essential devices, such as brake pads, and lead to casualties on the road. Apart from the physical consequences, manufacturers and suppliers of original parts are wrongly accused and lose credibility and/or considerable revenue.

The production of counterfeit parts is a rising criminal phenomenon with high profit margins. A study of the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) shows that while of all seized dangerous goods 7% are fake car parts, they are by far the most valuable confiscated products. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sale of counterfeit products shifted to online e-commerce platforms such as eBay, Wish, AliExpress, Alibaba and social networks such as Instagram and Facebook.

Among perpetrators, the production of fake parts is often seen as a ‘victimless’ and so-called high-profit/low-risk crime. Penalties across the European Union remain relatively low, especially if there are no charges for manslaughter or similar offenses added to the indictments. Criminal organisations manage to produce fake parts at a low price and in high volumes, avoiding safety controls. Investigations into such cases are cumbersome and prosecuting them often proves to be difficult.

Eurojust’s Intellectual Property Crime Project organised a practical workshop in close cooperation with EUIPO to exchange best practices between prosecutors and experts from private companies and ensure a coherent approach in EU Member States and third countries.

The discussion focused on the possibility of using cumulative charges for intellectual property crimes with other serious criminal offences, in addition to copyright infringement. For example:

  • manslaughter, in case of a deadly accident;
  • assault/battery, in cases where bodily harm was caused but the life of a human was not endangered; and
  • fraud, if the fake part was installed without the knowledge of the car owner at the price of the original product by the service technicians.

This approach allows prosecutors to tackle multiple criminal offences, ensuring perpetrators are sentenced for the entirety of their criminal activity, rather than just the most prevailing crime. This would result in higher penalties, while it would also allow the use of special investigative methods and tactics reserved for crimes that are considered more serious by legislators.  Another way to make this crime type less lucrative is to be stricter in the seizure and confiscation of the assets of criminals who manufacture and sell counterfeit products.

During the workshop, participants agreed to conduct further analysis of the criminal activities concerning fake parts. They also mapped the investigative process, looking closely at all stages of a case and the cooperation with car and parts manufacturers, outlining all elements necessary to file successful indictments. This includes procedures to increase the cooperation between public authorities and the industry.

Cities across Europe and North America Commit to
Addressing Hate and Polarization, and Safeguarding Democracy

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Mayors, city leaders, and practitioners from across Europe and North America will convene at the Peace Palace in The Hague on November 15 and 16 to counter the convergence of hate, disinformation, conspiracy, and extremism that is undermining social cohesion and threatening local democracy on both sides of the Atlantic.

Cities and their leaders face a complex threat environment, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and an increasingly interconnected set of threats that have brought extremism from the margins to the political mainstream. This intersection of disinformation, conspiracy, hate, and polarisation has both exploited and laid the groundwork for an increase in anti-government and anti-establishment sentiment. It has exacerbated local tensions and undermined democratic values and institutions, increasingly manifesting in
violent attacks on both continents, from Bratislava to Buffalo and Oslo to Highland Park.

For cities across Europe and North America, this threat picture presents an unprecedented and pressing challenge for local leaders. On November 15 – 16, the Strong Cities Network (SCN), an independent global network of more than 160 cities, municipalities, and local governments, will convene mayors, city officials, and local practitioners from both sides of the Atlantic for an urgent transatlantic dialogue; one focused specifically on mayoral and city-led action against hate, extremism, and polarization.

Held at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the event will be hosted by the City of The Hague and Mayor Jan van Zanen, who will take up the role of Co-Chair of the SCN International Steering Committee in 2023. The U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands, The Honorable Shefali Razdan Duggal, will be delivering opening remarks. Organized in cooperation with the Human Security Collective and The Glocal Connection, the event has received
generous financial support from the U.S. Embassy in The Hague.

During the event, more than 25 cities from both sides of the Atlantic will endorse a Mayoral Declaration, reflecting the urgency of the challenges they face and the unique role they play in preventing and responding to them while protecting the rights of their citizens.
Cities such as Arnhem, Bodegraven-Reeuwijk, Bratislava, Budapest, Budavar, Chattanooga (TN), Columbus (OH), Delft, Denver (CO), Eindhoven, Essen, Fredrikstad, Gouda, Greater Manchester, Highland Park (IL), Leiden, London, Los Angeles (CA), Malmö, Montréal, Paris, Rotterdam, Stamford (CT), Strasbourg, Utrecht, Wroclaw and The Hague will endorse the Declaration, expressing their commitment to work together to tackle the rising threats of hate, extremism, and polarization, to build and strengthen social cohesion, safeguard local democracy, and report back next year on the steps they have taken to implement
these commitments.

Statement of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court on NGO roundtable on crimes against children

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From 14-15 November 2022, my Office held a roundtable with national and international civil society organisations (CSOs) on crimes against and affecting children, at the seat of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague. This is the first thematic roundtable in a broader initiative I launched in May 2022 to strengthen engagement with civil society.

This flagship event underlined that effective investigation and prosecution of crimes against and affecting children remains one of my key priorities. In my opening remarks, I underscored that “stronger capacity is necessary as children, like all other social groups, differ from each other in terms of age, gender, race, socio-economic status, and other conditions. Whilst all children suffer in war and will be harmed by virtually any violation of their rights, it is important to recognise the diversity of crimes committed and of children’s lived experiences, and the differential impact of armed violence based on their personal characteristics, including their gender and age.”

The event also provided an opportunity to discuss the Guidelines for Civil Society Organisations on documenting international crimes and human rights violations for accountability purposes, recently developed and launched by the ICC Prosecutor and  Eurojust, with contributions from civil society organisations, national prosecutors, and international partners.

The outcomes of this roundtable will be fed into the ongoing work of our Office to strengthen and further enhance our policies and practices with respect to the investigation of crimes against children. Central to the improvement of our work in this area will be the deepening of our engagement with the civil society actors that participated in this event and the broader civil society community.

This is a first step in meeting my commitment to hold two thematic workshops a year to strengthen our engagement with local and international civil society actors. I look forward to working with these partners in setting the topic for our second roundtable to be held in May 2023.

It was delightful to see a broad geographic representation of participants from local and international CSOs as well as experts from the ICC, the United Nations, and Situation countries. We were honoured to hear the key-note opening statement from Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, Ms Virginia Gamba.

I am particularly grateful to my Special Advisor on Crimes Against and Affecting Children, Mrs Véronique Aubert, and Head of Advocacy of the Coalition for the International Criminal Court, Mrs Virginie Amato, who have kindly assisted in the organisation of this event and contributed to its deliberations.

The two-day roundtable event was made possible through the support of the European Commission as well as voluntary contributions from States Parties to the OTP’s Trust Fund for Advanced Technology and Specialised Capacity.

Samarqand in the Diplomatic Spotlight

By Nigora Yigitalieva

Thanks to an open, proactive and comprehensively thought-out pragmatic foreign policy and dynamic “economic diplomacy”, Uzbekistan is strengthening its position in the international arena every day. Having become the organizer and host of such an important event as the SCO summit in Samarkand 15-16 September 2022, this state proved that it was not an ordinary statist of the large-scale and deep transformations taking place in the modern world, but became one of the important subjects of international relations and plays an active, initiatively, and therefore a leading role in a vast region, occupying a worthy place in the world community.

The prominent international summit of the Organization of Turkic States in Samarkand on November 11, 2022 is another bright manifestation of this city as a “rising star” of international diplomacy. This summit is remarkable not only for “breakthrough decisions”, but also by the composition of its participants, the heads of 7 states of the world and a number of international structures, but also by its screaming slogan “Revival of the Turkic world”. Here it is appropriate to note that the words “Revival” and “Renaissance” become the hallmark of the New Uzbekistan.

“…Today, when the powerful potential of our people is being realized in full swing, in Uzbekistan is being laid a new awakening, the foundation of a new Renaissance epoch. Today’s Uzbekistan is not yesterday’s Uzbekistan. And our people are no longer the same as they were yesterday.” These thoughts were voiced by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev several years ago, and today they are becoming reality right before our eyes. At the same time, the frequent mention of the phrase “New Uzbekistan” on a global scale indicates the recognition that this country has indeed entered a completely new stage of development in recent years – a stage of huge transformations and achievements, taking strength from the great past and the energy of the present. Today’s renewed, ancient and eternally young Samarkand is one of the brightest examples of this revival.

“…Today, when the powerful potential of our people is being realized in full swing, in Uzbekistan is being laid a new awakening, the foundation of a new Renaissance epoch.” These thoughts were voiced by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev several years ago, and today they are becoming reality right before our eyes. At the same time, the frequent mention of the phrase “New Uzbekistan” on a global scale indicates the recognition that this country has indeed entered a completely new stage of development in recent years – a stage of huge transformations and achievements, taking strength from the great past and the energy of the present. Today’s renewed, ancient and eternally young Samarkand is one of the brightest examples of this revival.

At one time, the great Amir Temur attached special importance to Samarkand as the center of diplomatic negotiations at the highest level and created the appropriate infrastructure for this. He built majestic buildings and beautiful gardens around them with all amenities, including accommodation for foreign delegations. As history shows, the outstanding ruler managed to perpetuate the name of this city, turning it into an important political platform where decisions crucial for many countries are made.

At present, thanks to the efforts of the modern leadership of Uzbekistan, Samarkand is restoring its special role in international life, preserving and enhancing the country’s historical political and diplomatic heritage in a new, larger format. Clear evidence of this is the unprecedented large-scale SCO summit held in September in this city, as well as the current summit of the Turkic states. Dynamic Samarkand with a new look and growing infrastructure already claims to be the host of a number of other equally important international events and promises to be a center of international diplomacy on a grand scale.