Time to Say Goodbye, See You Again

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Time to Say Goodbye, See You Again

On 28 October, the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps in The Hague, H.E. Ms. Sahar Ghanem, Ambassador of Yemen, hosted a farewell ceremony for eight ambassadors concluding their missions in the Netherlands: H.E. Ms. Susannah Hayden Gordon of New Zealand, H.E. Mr. Kairat Abdrakhmanov of Kazakhstan, H.E. Mr. Roberto Calzadilla Sarmiento of Bolivia, H.E. Mr. Mayerfas of Indonesia, H.E. Mr. Tareque Muhammad of Bangladesh, H.E. Mr. Hiroshi Minami of Japan, as well as H.E. Mr. Francis Danti Kotia of Ghana and H.E. Mr. Jian Tan of the People’s Republic of China, who had already departed The Hague.

The gathering, marked by warm camaraderie and mutual respect, brought together colleagues ambassadors from across the diplomatic community to honour the departing envoys for their dedication, achievements, and friendship.

In her welcoming remarks, Ambassador Ghanem highlighted the significance of the occasion:

“We are bidding farewell to remarkable persons who have served with distinction and honour. Each of you has strengthened bilateral ties with the Netherlands and contributed to the objectives of multilateral cooperation. Your presence will be deeply missed.”

Ambassador Ghanem and H.E. Ms. Susannah Hayden Gordon, Ambassador of New Zealand.

H.E. Ms. Susannah Hayden Gordon – New Zealand

Ambassador Ghanem expressed her admiration, saying:

“We will continue having you in another capital, and maybe one day some of us will be in New Zealand. All the best, Excellency — you will be truly missed.”

Ambassador Gordon responded with gratitude and humour:

“It’s always a sad time in a posting when you have to start saying goodbye. I even asked if I could stay longer — my head office laughed and said this is one of the most sought-after ambassadorial positions in the world! It’s such a privilege because here we mix bilateral and multilateral work. The Dutch hosts are warm, and The Hague is a place where things truly get done. I’ll soon head our South and Southeast Asia Division, our busiest in the Foreign Ministry — so not much sleep ahead, but plenty of travel.”

H.E. Mr. Hiroshi Minami, Ambassador of Japan, H.E. Ms Franca Deza Ferreccio, Ambassador of Peru and H.E. Mr. Roberto Calzadilla Sarmiento, Ambassador of Bolivia.

H.E. Mr. Hiroshi Minami – Japan

Ambassador Ghanem recalled the many fond memories shared with Ambassador Minami:

“We will remember your wonderful receptions, your generosity, openness, and availability. You were active both multilaterally and bilaterally — that’s the beauty of this place and the connections you helped create.”

Ambassador Minami reflected on his three years in The Hague:

“This city has a unique atmosphere. It’s a hub for diplomats — a place where work and friendship blend naturally. I’ve enjoyed my time here immensely. After 43 years in the Foreign Ministry, this will be my final assignment before retirement, and I will always cherish the friendships I’ve made.”

H.E. Ms Sahar Ghanem and the Ambassador of Bangladesh, H.E. Mr. Tareque Muhammad.

H.E. Mr. Tareque Muhammad – Bangladesh

Ambassador Ghanem praised his active engagement:

“Your representation of Bangladesh, your energy, and the strong bonds you’ve built are very much appreciated. We wish you the best in your next chapter.”

Ambassador Muhammad shared:

“I’ve been here just over a year, but it’s been wonderful. Despite the weather, the camaraderie among diplomats keeps us warm — whether at the OPCW, ICC, or ICJ. It’s been an honour to experience both multilateral and bilateral diplomacy in The Hague. As I retire at 60, I take with me great memories — and gratitude for the friendships we’ve built.”

H.E. Mr. Mayerfas, Ambassador of Indonesia and the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps, H.E. Ms Sahar Ghanem.

H.E. Mr. Mayerfas – Indonesia

“It has been a privilege to be among friends,” said Ambassador Mayerfas. “I’ve been here for five years — the longest-serving Indonesian ambassador in the Netherlands. It’s a special posting, working seven days a week, especially with our Indonesian diaspora. For us, the Netherlands is not a foreign country; our historical connection runs deep. I thank you all for your cooperation and friendship. If you come to Indonesia, you will always have a friend there.”

Ambassador Ghanem and H.E. Mr. Roberto Calzadilla Sarmiento. Ambassador of Bolivia.

H.E. Mr. Roberto Calzadilla Sarmiento – Bolivia

The Dean fondly noted:

“You were always active, serious in your work, and a good friend. Few know the Netherlands better than you — and we all thank you, especially for being one of the founders behind the idea of Diplomat Magazine, which continues to serve our community.”

Ambassador Calzadilla reflected:

“We live in turbulent times — of terrorism, lack of values, and uncertainty. Yet our exchanges here have been invaluable. We’ve worked together on vital issues such as climate justice and international law. I thank all my colleagues for your commitment and friendship, and I thank Mayelinne for Diplomat Magazine, which has made our work easier. After 43 years in the foreign service, I’ll now enter a new phase — consulting and teaching. And please, you’ll always have a friend in Bolivia.”

H.E. Mr. Kairat Abdrakhmanov, Ambassador of Kazakhstan.

H.E. Mr. Kairat Abdrakhmanov – Kazakhstan

Ambassador Ghanem paid tribute to his distinguished career:

“From lecturer to ambassador, to Foreign Minister, and back to The Hague — your remarkable journey and your warmth as a person have truly impressed us all.”

Ambassador Ghanem and H.E. Mr. Kairat Abdrakhmanov, Ambassador of Kazakhstan.

Ambassador Abdrakhmanov shared his reflections:

“I began my career behind the Iron Curtain, and what a transformation it has been. Yet today we see new walls emerging. Still, I remain optimistic — with knowledge and dialogue, we can overcome barriers. I’ve visited 57 states during my time here and learned that diplomacy is the best way to prevent conflict. Let’s continue giving power to diplomats rather than generals. I look forward to serving again in Europe — you’ll have a friend there, and always in Kazakhstan.”

Ambassador Ghanem presented flowers to each of the departing envoys, expressing gratitude for their friendship and service.  As the formal proceedings concluded, guests then enjoyed a warm and relaxed time together — a fitting farewell to a remarkable group of ambassadors whose dedication has left a lasting mark on The Hague’s diplomatic community.

Farewell to Ambassadors October 28, 2025 The Hague.

Reviving a Seaside Palace at the Helm of the Diplomatic Season

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Reviving a Seaside Palace at the Helm of the Diplomatic Season

Marcel Menzo on Hosting Nations and the Return of the Christmas Lighting Reception

The Grand Hotel Amrâth Kurhaus in Scheveningen — the Hague’s iconic seaside palace — stands as one of the Netherlands’ most recognisable symbols of elegance and hospitality. Today, this five-star heritage hotel is not only a known place of refined leisure but also a preferred stage for diplomatic and corporate gatherings. Ambassadorial luncheons, national-day receptions and international conferences have become a regular part of its calendar, making the Kurhaus an essential venue within The Hague’s diplomatic ecosystem.

At the heart of this revival is Marcel Menzo, the hotel’s Sales and Events Manager, who has overseen a thoughtful renewal combining historic grandeur with modern hospitality and a distinct diplomatic focus.

“When I joined Grand Hotel Amrâth Kurhaus more than two and a half years ago, the diplomatic segment was not yet a primary focus,” Menzo recalls. “We made a conscious choice to build long-term, reliable relationships with embassies, based on continuity, trust and personal attention. Today, we are recognized as a welcoming and respected venue for official receptions and high-profile gatherings — something I am genuinely proud of.”

Over the past few years, the Kurhaus has undergone a series of modernisations — including LED lighting, heat-pump systems and energy-efficient upgrades — earning it Green Key certification for sustainability while carefully preserving its monumental interiors. These efforts, Menzo notes, are part of an ongoing vision to ensure the hotel remains both historically authentic and environmentally responsible.

Tailored diplomacy by the sea

For Menzo, the art of diplomatic hospitality lies in precision and discretion.

“Diplomatic guests often have specific expectations. Our team is trained to immediately recognize embassy delegations and respond with tailored coordination around security, arrival protocols, privacy and bespoke culinary arrangements,” he explains. “My role is to ensure that these needs are not only understood, but discreetly and seamlessly fulfilled.”

This approach has made the Kurhaus a trusted partner for embassies and international organisations seeking both grandeur and confidentiality for their events. From bilateral receptions to cultural celebrations, each gathering reflects the hotel’s commitment to ceremony and comfort.

Mr. Menzo with his Grand Hotel Amrâth Kurhaus’s Team.

A season of light

One of the highlights of the Kurhaus calendar is the Christmas Lighting Reception, a cherished annual tradition that returns this December with renewed energy.

“The Christmas Lighting Reception is both a tradition and a moment of connection,” says Menzo. “It brings together the diplomatic and business communities at the end of the year to reflect, express appreciation, and look ahead to future collaboration. It is an invitation to strengthen relationships and to welcome new partners into this network.”

This year’s edition will once again illuminate the hotel’s grand façade and historic Kurzaal, blending festive atmosphere with diplomatic camaraderie — a symbolic close to The Hague’s diplomatic season by the sea.

“The Kurhaus stands at the heart of the diplomatic season by the sea,” Menzo affirms. “A place where tradition, hospitality and international exchange come together. Our December reception celebrates connection, trust and the shared journey into a new year.”

Looking ahead

Menzo’s ambitions for the Kurhaus extend well beyond the festive season.

“In the coming years, we aim to further establish the Kurhaus as the leading coastal five-star destination in the Netherlands — a trusted venue for diplomacy, cultural events and exclusive business gatherings,” he says. “By combining historic grandeur with contemporary international service, we want to strengthen Scheveningen’s and the Netherlands’ position on the global stage.”

As part of that vision, the hotel is set to expand its MICE production — meetings, incentives, conferences, and events — in close collaboration with key partners, including Diplomat Magazine.

“Everything related to meetings, events, conferences and conventions, we will work together with you to make it a success,” Menzo concludes. “Let’s make it a wonderful and successful year!”

Japan–Netherlands Science and Technology Cooperation

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Japan–Netherlands Science and Technology Cooperation

This year marks the 425th anniversary of Japan–Netherlands relations, an important milestone celebrating centuries of friendship and cooperation. The event provided an opportunity to reflect on this shared history and to explore ways to further strengthen bilateral collaboration in the fields of science, technology, and innovation.

The reception brought together Prof. Yoichiro Matsumoto, Science and Technology Advisor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan; Mr. Feite Hofman, Director-General at the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW); as well as representatives from government, academia, industry, ecosystem development, and the media from both countries.

Mr. Feite Hofman, Director-General at the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Prof. Yoichiro Matsumoto, Science and Technology Advisor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan and H.E. Mr. Hiroshi Minami, Ambassador of Japan.

In his opening remarks, Ambassador Hiroshi Minami highlighted the long-standing relationship of trust built between Japan and the Netherlands over centuries and emphasized the importance of cooperation in the field of science and technology.

“This year marks the 425th anniversary of Japan–Netherlands exchange. We have learned quite a lot from the Netherlands. Rangaku originally means ‘Dutch studies,’ and the Japanese people worked very hard to study the Dutch language in order to understand medical and other sciences,” said Ambassador Minami.

He noted that collaboration now extends to more diverse and advanced fields such as semiconductors, quantum technology, and photonics, and expressed his hope that the partnership between the two countries will continue to flourish in the years ahead.

“Also this year, Japan hosted the Osaka Expo, and I am very grateful that the Netherlands sent a large number of trade missions,” Ambassador Minami added.

Prof. Yoichiro Matsumoto, Science and Technology Advisor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan.

Prof. Matsumoto noted that, in today’s rapidly changing international environment, science and technology are increasingly intertwined with economic security and diplomacy. He stressed the importance of promoting international collaboration under the concept of Trusted Openness. He also pointed out that Japan and the Netherlands share many common challenges — including sustainable energy development, semiconductor manufacturing, and ageing societies — and expressed his belief that bilateral cooperation can contribute to addressing these issues and benefiting the broader international community.

“In Japan, we are currently formulating the 7th Science, Technology and Innovation Basic Plan, which will guide our national policy for the five years starting from 2026.
A key theme of this plan is how to make the best use of advanced technologies — such as AI, quantum technology, and biotechnology — to solve social issues and build a sustainable society.
Under the new Takaichi Cabinet, we are also preparing the Growth Strategy to be finalized by next summer, promoting both public and private investment in these strategic areas.
Today, science and technology are closely tied to economic security as well.
That is why, in developing this plan, we are also discussing how to incorporate security considerations and what science and technology diplomacy should look like.
Researchers and engineers like us can no longer stay apart from international and diplomatic perspectives,” Prof. Matsumoto said.

Finally, Director-General Feite Hofman reflected on his recent visit to Japan, including his participation in the STS Forum and preparations for Expo 2025 Osaka, Kansai. He remarked that although Japan and the Netherlands are separated by vast oceans, in practice they work remarkably smoothly together, thanks to the shared values underlying both societies. He also expressed his expectation that bilateral collaboration will continue to deepen as the two countries approach the 30th anniversary of the Agreement on Scientific and Technological Cooperation, signed in 1996 and entered into force in 1997.

The reception featured lively networking among participants, fostering new connections and ideas for future cooperation.

As Ambassador Minami concluded:

“As we celebrate this anniversary year, let us also look ahead. What truly drives progress is not only technology or policy, but people — the connections that spark ideas, build trust, and open new possibilities. I hope tonight’s gathering will further strengthen those ties and lead to future achievements.”

South Africa New Service Centre

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South Africa New Service Centre

New Centre in The Hague Facilitates Passport and Birth Registration Services for South African Citizens

South African citizens residing in the Netherlands now have easier access to passport renewal and birth registration services through the newly opened DHA Services Centre in The Hague.

Located at Parkstraat 99, the centre was inaugurated on 22 October 2025 and operates under the management of VFS Global, the official outsourcing partner of the Department of Home Affairs (DHA) of the Republic of South Africa.

The establishment of the centre reflects growing demand for direct and efficient access to consular services among the nearly 50,000 South Africans currently living in the Netherlands. The new facility offers a range of services, including passport renewals, birth registrations, and optional courier delivery of new passports to applicants’ residences.

Robyn Wijne, a South African citizen who recently moved to the Netherlands, had her passport renewed in just two days.

Applicants may also schedule appointments online and use additional support features such as SMS tracking, email communication, and on-site assistance.

The initiative is part of the ongoing partnership between the Department of Home Affairs and VFS Global, which operates 17 DHA Services Centres in 9 countries. VFS Global provides administrative and logistical support to facilitate identity and travel document services for South African nationals abroad.

For further details, visit: https://services.vfsglobal.com/nld/en/zap

Deepening Dominican-Dutch Relations Through History and Cooperation

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Deepening Dominican-Dutch Relations Through History and Cooperation

Diplomat Magazine celebrates the enduring relationship between the Dominican Republic and the Kingdom of the Netherlands—a friendship built on mutual respect, historical depth, and a shared commitment to peace and justice, the mottos that define the city of The Hague.

In his remarks to Diplomat Magazine, H.E. Mr. Carlos de la Mota, Ambassador of the Dominican Republic to the Netherlands, reflected on the long and evolving history of relations between both nations.

“The relationship between the Dominican Republic and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, spanning more than 168 years, has witnessed constant exchange and dynamism since its inception,” Ambassador De la Mota affirmed. “Although time transforms routes and our flags change, the bonds that unite us not only remain but have grown stronger. They are a testament to the friendship, respect, and cooperation that define our peoples.”

The ambassador emphasized that the ties between the Dominican Republic and the Netherlands go back much further than the establishment of formal diplomatic relations.

“By the end of the 16th century, Dutch ships were already trading with the northern part of our island, in Puerto Plata and Montecristi,” he explained. “These cities received Dutch influence in their colorful façades and sloping roofs, evoking the Caribbean aesthetic that the Netherlands helped to spread throughout the islands of the Kingdom. In that coming and going of ships, Hispaniola became a meeting point—a natural bridge between Europe and America.”

“As early as 1613, the first native settler of New Amsterdam—today New York—was Juan Rodrigues, a mulatto from Hispaniola, now the Dominican Republic,” the ambassador said. “His life represents one of the earliest connections between the Caribbean and the Kingdom of the Netherlands at the dawn of transatlantic trade. These stories remind us that our shared history is not only about commerce, but about people, ideas, and cultural exchange.”

He went on to recall the contribution of families of Dutch Caribbean origin to Dominican society.

“In 1813, Noel Henríquez Altías, born in Curaçao, arrived in our country. His legacy went beyond economic activity—his descendants included Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal, professor, physician, and former president of the Republic. His wife, Salomé Ureña, is one of the great poets of our history, and their children—Max, Camila, and Pedro Henríquez Ureña—became leading figures in Latin American literature and diplomacy,” Ambassador De la Mota noted.

Turning to the present, Ambassador De la Mota underlined the Dominican Republic’s economic and social progress in recent years.

“Today, the Dominican Republic is a beacon of light in our region,” he said with pride. “In 2024, our economy registered the highest growth in Latin America at 5%. We were also the second most visited country in the region, welcoming approximately 11 million tourists. These achievements reflect our political and economic stability, as well as a favorable climate for foreign investment.”

“Last year, bilateral trade reached US$643 million,” the ambassador explained. “This year alone, between January and August 2025, our exchange has already reached US$547 million—representing a 30% increase compared to the same period in 2024. These figures show that our economic partnership is vibrant, diversified, and full of potential for future growth.”

Beyond economic and historical links, both nations share a vision for a fairer and more sustainable world.

“Our countries are united by common values,” Ambassador De la Mota emphasized. “We both believe in the protection of human rights, the defense of multilateralism, and the global fight against climate change. These are not just diplomatic principles—they are moral commitments that define our actions on the world stage.”

Paying tribute to the Dominican community in the Netherlands the ambassador declared:

“The Kingdom of the Netherlands is the third European country with the largest number of Dominicans—more than 18,000—along with more than 10,000 mixed families between Dominicans and Dutch citizens from the Caribbean islands,” the ambassador said. “These families are the living bridge between our nations, strengthening our human connection every day through their work, values, and love for both countries.”

As Ambassador De la Mota concluded, the Dominican Republic and the Netherlands continue to stand as partners in dialogue, development, and mutual understanding.

“Our friendship has deep roots and a bright future,” he affirmed. “It is a relationship that celebrates our shared history, embraces our cultural richness, and looks ahead with confidence toward a world of cooperation, peace, and opportunity.”

The Question of Palestine: A Test of the World’s Commitment to Justice

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The Question of Palestine: A Test of the World’s Commitment to Justice

By Mr. Ammar M.B. Hijazi, Head of Palestinian Mission

The Question of Palestine is a story of compounded injustices that was ironically borne in the halls of the nascent United Nations in 1947. At the time, international law and diplomacy were used coercively to erase Palestine and the Palestinian people. But since then, the Palestinian people have been on a determined and impressive journey of setting precedents and building protections based on the very legal framework that was first employed to cast them out of international discourse and consideration. 

This Palestinian pursuit was painstaking. For decades, many states abandoned their obligations under international law. The end result was tragically predictable: normalized criminality and entrenched impunity that regarded systematic violations of Palestinian dignity and human rights as an “unhelpful” part of the reality.  States knowingly and irresponsibly rendered preemptory and jus cogens norms moot while claiming that this selectivity does not undermine the entire international law-based order. This transformed the Question of Palestine into a global litmus test of integrity and commitment to international law, especially because Palestine has insisted on this path despite political bullying, threats, and sanctions. 

Palestine’s determined efforts in the pursuit of justice and accountability at the World’s Courts are conducted in this context. At the core, the target was and remains to preserve and elevate Palestine’s rightful place in the rights and law-based international system. In the past years, this pursuit has come to embody a far larger endeavor with global reach. Today, this legal and diplomatic approach is more important than ever, especially in light of the genocide, ongoing dispossession and ethnic cleansing of Palestinians, and entrenched illegal colonial regime of occupation and apartheid.

The landmark rulings of 9 July 2004 and 19 July 2024, as well as 22 October 2025  by the international Court of Justice corrected the narrative, legal framework, and perspective of the reality. The ICJ rejected the political gymnastics of side-tracking and minimizing fundamentals and put the core issues back where they belong: front and centre. It recognized the profound power asymmetries that define the situation on the ground, rejecting the erroneous presentation of the question of Palestine as “a conflict” where both sides have equal responsibility and claim. The ICJ determination addressed this once and for all and opened a pathway of hope. 

In legal terms, the erroneous attempts to equate between occupier and occupied has been finally nullified, ending decades of normalized occupation and providing the colonizer with a free hand to pursue the ethnic cleansing of Palestine from its Palestinian people and annexing it, all while invoking the false flag of “self-defense” with minimal international resistance. Crucially, the ICJ determination on the illegality of occupation in the OPT laid out clearly what the obligations of states are under international law and they include ensuring accountability.   

The Court’s historic determinations stripped states of the excuses to avoid action before it. This is empowering to civil society organizations and legal experts around the world who now have a definitive determination they can build on to ensure that their governments comply with their binding obligations in international law, including respecting and realizing Palestinian rights.

The battle is far from over but the way forward is irrefutable: ending the illegal occupation, in line with the historic ICJ ruling of July 2024, and UN resolutions, realizing the Palestinian people’s inalienable rights including to self-determination, return, and an independent sovereign Palestinian state on the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital, and providing reparations as required. This is the only path to achieving peace and security for all peoples in the region. Not genocide. Not sideshows. Not endless subjugation. And definitely, not privatized colonization.    

Many might say that humanity is at an age where diplomacy and international law are dying. There is plenty of evidence to merit such a devastating conclusion, not the least of which is the two-year live-streamed genocide committed in Gaza with impunity. We believe this conclusion is premature. Humanity is fighting the battle of a lifetime between racist militaristic populism and responsible diplomacy that is anchored in international law. The battle is far from over. We owe future generations to ensure that legality wins.

The One-China Principle is Unshakable

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The One-China Principle is Unshakable

By Mr Zhang Yi, Charge d’affaires ad interim of the Embassy of People’s Republic of China in the Netherlands.

Recently the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China designated October 25th as the Commemoration Day of Taiwan’s Restoration. This decision embodies the firm resolve of the Chinese people to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity and our unyielding commitment to achieving national reunification.

1, Historical and Legal Facts Stand Unchallenged

Taiwan has been an inseparable part of China since ancient times. However in July 1894, Japan launched a war of aggression against China, and in April 1895, the defeated Qing government of China was forced to cede Taiwan and the Penghu Islands to Japan.

On December 9, 1941, the Chinese government declared war against Japan’s aggression, and proclaimed that all treaties, conventions, agreements, and contracts regarding relations between China and Japan had been abrogated, and that China would recover Taiwan and the Penghu Islands. The Cairo Declaration of 1943 stated that all the territories Japan has stolen from China, such as Manchuria, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands, should be restored to China. The Potsdam Proclamation of 1945 reaffirmed that “the terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out.” When Japan signed the instrument of surrender, it accepted these obligations in full.

On October 25, 1945, the ceremony to accept Japan’s surrender in Taiwan Province took place in Taipei, symbolizing the restoration of Taiwan and the Penghu Islands to China’s sovereign administration.

With the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the Central People’s Government became the sole legitimate authority representing all of China. Since then, the PRC has exercised full sovereignty over China, including Taiwan.

  • UN Resolution 2758 Affirms the One-China Principle

On October 25, 1971, the 26th Session of the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 2758 by an overwhelming majority including the Netherlands. The resolution restored all China’s lawful rights to the People’s Republic of China, recognized its government as the sole legitimate representative of China to the UN, and expelled the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek who had unlawfully occupied China’s seat.

It should be noted that at the time when the Resolution 2758 was discussed at the 26th session of the UN General Assembly, certain countries persisted in attempts to obstruct the process, and primarily erected a “Dual Representation” draft resolution, which combined “confirming the representation of the People’s Republic of China” with “retaining the representation of the Republic of China(Taiwan),” essentially trying to create “two Chinas” within the UN. A significant number of UN Member States voiced strong opposition, asserting the proposal was “illegal and inconsistent with reality, justice and the principles of the UN Charter.” After the General Assembly passed Resolution 2758, the “Dual Representation” draft resolution was consequently not put to the vote and was effectively invalidated.

Resolution 2758 definitively resolved China’s representation in the UN politically, legally, and procedurally, and reaffirmed the one-China principle. It also made clear that China has only one seat at the UN, leaving no space for any notion of “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan.”

Since then, the UN has consistently referred to Taiwan as “Taiwan, Province of China” in official documents. Resolution 2758 stands as a milestone of justice and international consensus, reflecting the collective will of the vast majority of countries that uphold the one-China principle.

  • A Broad International Consensus

In the 54 years since the adoption of Resolution 2758, the number of countries maintaining diplomatic relations with China has risen from just over 60 to 183, all committed to the one-China principle. Successive UN Secretaries-General have reaffirmed that the entire UN system must act in accordance with this resolution.

The one-China principle has become a universally recognized norm in international relations and a solemn political commitment made by all countries having diplomatic ties with China.

4，National Reunification: An unstoppable trend

Taiwan’s restoration in 1945 marked the rightful return of lost territory to the motherland. Today, reaffirming the one-China principle and preserving the fruits of the victory over fascism are essential to peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and beyond. On this principle, there can be no ambiguity or compromise.

Though the civil war and foreign interference after 1945 left the two sides of the Taiwan Strait politically divided, China’s sovereignty and territory have never been split and never will be. For decades, the Chinese government has pursued peaceful reunification with utmost sincerity and determination while resolutely opposing separatism and external interference. Achieving reunification represents the common aspiration of all Chinese people.

The reality of one China is unshakable and irreversible. Assertions by a few that “Taiwan’s status is undetermined” are unfounded and dangerous. They distort history and threaten stability. Any attempt to distort or reinterpret Resolution 2758 denies the outcomes of World War II, undermines the authority of the UN, and disrupts the post-war international order. Such actions run counter to history and are doomed to fail.

China’s resolve to achieve complete reunification is steadfast. History cannot be rewritten, and the future of Taiwan will and must be decided by all Chinese people together.

Four Centuries Forward: The Thai–Dutch Strategic Partnership

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Four Centuries Forward: The Thai–Dutch Strategic Partnership

By H.E. Mr. Asi Mamanee, Ambassador of Thailand to the Kingdom of the Netherlands

In 2024, Thailand and the Netherlands celebrated 420 years of diplomatic relations — one of the longest continuous partnerships between Europe and Asia. What began with 17th-century maritime trade has evolved into a multifaceted partnership spanning technology, agriculture, sustainable development, and innovation.

Today, the Netherlands remains Thailand’s largest investor from the European Union, while Thai companies increasingly use the Netherlands as their gateway to European markets. Bilateral trade between the two countries reached USD 7.4 billion (7,404.27 million) in 2024. These figures underscore the strong and growing economic interdependence between the two nations, built on practical cooperation and shared strategic interests that have deepened over time.

Connecting Two Nations

Strengthening the practical foundations of our partnership remains a top priority. Thailand and the Netherlands share a common vision to enhance connectivity and foster closer ties among our peoples, businesses, and institutions. In this spirit, we look forward to promoting greater mobility between our two nations, which will play a pivotal role in driving future exchanges — bringing government officials, entrepreneurs, researchers, and students ever closer together. Enhanced connectivity will serve as a powerful catalyst for innovation, collaboration, and enduring friendship between our two kingdoms.

During the recent Thailand–Netherlands Political Consultation held in The Hague in September 2025, both countries reaffirmed their commitment to advancing cooperation. As Thailand pursues its Ignite Thailand 2030 vision to become a regional innovation hub, the Netherlands offers complementary, world-class expertise in areas ranging from advanced manufacturing to sustainable agriculture.

Building on Proven Success

The strongest foundation of Thai–Dutch cooperation lies in areas where both countries have achieved concrete results. Dutch expertise in water management has contributed to Thai flood control systems and agricultural water efficiency. Similarly, Dutch innovations in precision agriculture, greenhouse technology, and sustainable food production address Thailand’s specific needs in agricultural productivity and climate adaptation. These collaborations demonstrate what works: clear objectives, technical expertise, and measurable outcomes.

Exploring New Frontiers

Thailand is actively working to deepen partnerships in frontier technology sectors, particularly advanced manufacturing and semiconductors. Building on its strong electronics manufacturing base, skilled workforce, and strategic location at the heart of ASEAN, Thailand stands ready to collaborate with Europe’s leading technology innovators to co-create resilient, sustainable, and future-oriented value chains.

The Netherlands hosts some of Europe’s most advanced capabilities in semiconductor equipment manufacturing, precision engineering, and photonics. Driven by the global supply chain crisis and the geopolitical push for regional resilience, Thailand aims to position itself as a reliable, strategic partner in secure regional production networks.

Collaboration is being explored in areas such as advanced semiconductor assembly, packaging and testing, photonics, and green energy technologies. The Knowledge-to-Knowledge (K2K) model — which prioritises research partnerships and talent exchange before large-scale industrial commitments — offers a pragmatic pathway for initial cooperation in these complex, high-tech fields.

Translating Policy into Action

The Royal Thai Embassy in The Hague has initiated several targeted programmes to translate high-level policy into practical cooperation:

  • Investment Showcase: In June 2025, the Embassy co-hosted a seminar on the Bio-Circular-Green (BCG) Economy in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), showcasing investment opportunities and inviting Dutch companies to partner in clean energy and circular innovation. In September 2025, the Embassy participated in the 5th Thai–Netherlands Business Forum, organised by Thailand’s Board of Investment, to highlight investment opportunities in Thailand.
  • Human Capital Development: In August 2025, the Embassy supported Thai engineering students to attend the Eindhoven Semicon Summer School, focusing on the critical development of human capital through hands-on training.
  • Technical Fact-Finding Mission: In September 2025, Dutch representatives visited Thailand’s semiconductor ecosystem. These reciprocal exchanges are vital for Dutch stakeholders to gain a deeper understanding of Thailand’s technical capabilities and to identify areas for future collaboration.
H.E. Mr. Asi Mamanee, Ambassador of Thailand during the interview.

A Partnership of Mutual Interest

As Thailand and the Netherlands enter their fifth century of diplomatic relations, the partnership continues to thrive in line with shared strategic interests. Collaboration now spans a wide range of sectors, reflecting a joint understanding that sustainable partnerships rely on diversification. Success in long-established areas such as water management has built a foundation of trust and confidence — enabling both nations to explore bold new frontiers in future-defining, high-technology sectors.

The coming years will determine whether policy commitments translate into functioning partnerships. The 420-year history of Thai–Dutch relations offers a solid foundation, yet the partnership’s future relevance will depend on what both nations choose to build together today. As Thailand and the Netherlands embark on this next chapter, they do so with a blend of ambition and realism — guided by the same mutual respect, trust, and practical cooperation that have sustained their friendship for over four centuries.

Azerbaijan’s Urban Evolution: From Historical Heritage to Smart City Visions at the World Urban Forum

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Azerbaijan’s Urban Evolution: From Historical Heritage to Smart City Visions at the World Urban Forum

As part of its coverage on sustainable urban development, Diplomat Magazine engaged in a conversation with H.E. Mr. Mammad Ahmadzada, Ambassador of Azerbaijan to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In his contribution, the ambassador reflected on Azerbaijan’s urban evolution and preparations to host the 13th World Urban Forum (WUF13) in 2026. He highlighted the country’s journey from a rich historical heritage to a new era of innovation, sustainability, and smart city development, offering valuable perspectives for global dialogue and cooperation.

As the world looks ahead to the 13th World Urban Forum (WUF13), to be held in Baku from 17 to 22 May 2026, Azerbaijan is preparing to showcase its distinctive path of urban transformation. From its ancient and medieval heritage to the transformative oil boom era to modern infrastructure advancements and today’s pioneering smart city initiatives, Azerbaijan offers insights that transcend its borders. This is particularly relevant as WUF13 will address pressing global urban challenges such as housing – a key concern for the Netherlands and many other countries.

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A Glorious Past: Azerbaijan’s Architectural Heritage

Azerbaijan’s urban tradition is deeply rooted in its architectural and cultural heritage, spanning from prehistoric times through the medieval era. One of the earliest testimonies to human settlement is found in Gobustan, a remarkable archaeological site renowned for its ancient petroglyphs and rock carvings dating back tens of thousands of years. The Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, offers invaluable insights into early human life and creativity, establishing the deep historical foundation upon which Azerbaijan’s later urban traditions were built.

Moving forward through history, the Old City of Baku (Icherisheher) – another UNESCO World Heritage Site, stands enclosed by ancient walls and features iconic landmarks such as the Maiden Tower and the 15th-century Palace of the Shirvanshahs. These monuments reflect a fusion of diverse historical periods and architectural styles, highlighting Azerbaijan’s unique position at the crossroads of civilizations.

Urban planning in medieval Azerbaijan demonstrated remarkable foresight. Cities such as Baku, Shamakhi, Ganja, Shaki, and Shusha were thoughtfully organized around caravanserais, mosques, bathhouses, and marketplaces. These urban centres featured advanced water supply systems and neighbourhood-based social structures that fostered a human-centered model long before modern planning principles emerged. Notably, the mountain village of Lahij stands out for its ancient and well-preserved urban layout, including a sophisticated water and sewerage system – parts of which date back more than a thousand years – highlighting enduring engineering ingenuity.

The First Oil Boom: A New Urban Era

The discovery of oil in the late 19th century dramatically transformed Azerbaijan’s urban landscape. Baku quickly emerged as one of the world’s first modern industrial cities, attracting architects and engineers from across Europe. Grand boulevards, eclectic architecture, and civic buildings defined this transformative era. Influenced by Beaux-Arts and Neoclassical styles, landmarks such as the Ismailiyya Palace, the Baku City Duma (now the Executive Power Building), and the Mukhtarov Palace (Palace of Happiness) helped shape Baku into a city of ambition, wealth and vision.

Urban infrastructure expanded rapidly, with tram lines, parks, and apartment buildings reflecting a new social order. This cosmopolitan architectural identity laid the foundation for further development in the mid-20th century, which introduced a distinctive style and urban planning approach characterized by monumental public buildings, expansive residential complexes, and wide avenues designed to serve a growing industrial population. Emphasizing grandiosity and symbolism of the era, this period’s architectural spirit is evident in monumental structures such as the Government House and the Gulustan Palace.

Modern Architectural Marvels: Innovation Meets Identity

The 21st century has ushered in a new wave of architectural creativity in Azerbaijan, coinciding with its nation’s independence and rapid economic growth. Baku now hosts internationally acclaimed projects that merge contemporary design with a strong sense of national identity.

Among the most iconic is the Heydar Aliyev Centre, designed by the late Zaha Hadid. Its fluid, futuristic form challenges conventional architectural norms, symbolizing Azerbaijan’s embrace of innovation. The Flame Towers, representing Azerbaijan’s historic connection with fire and energy, have become defining landmarks overlooking the Caspian Sea.

Another landmark is the Baku Crystal Hall, originally built to host the Eurovision Song Contest, which showcases cutting-edge engineering and continues to serve as a premier venue for large-scale international events. Other notable projects include the Azerbaijan Carpet Museum, designed to resemble a rolled carpet – an homage to Azerbaijan’s intangible cultural heritage – and the Baku Convention Center, which functions as a hub for global engagement.

Modern mixed-use developments such as Port Baku Residence and Mall combine luxury living with coastal views, while Deniz Mall, with its sleek design and diverse retail options, has become a premier destination for shopping and leisure. The ambitious Crescent Development Project envisions a striking waterfront complex symbolizing Baku’s forward-looking urban transformation.

Complementing these developments, numerous world-renowned five-star hotels have established a presence in Baku, enhancing the city’s appeal as a luxury travel destination and reinforcing its role on the international stage.

This wave of architectural innovation extends beyond the capital, driving modernization and regional development across Azerbaijan.

Importantly, these projects prioritize sustainability and eco-friendly principles. Extensive work along Baku’s seaside boulevard, large-scale greening initiatives, and thoughtfully designed parks underscore Azerbaijan’s commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainable development – values prominently showcased when the country hosted COP29.

Housing Challenges at the Heart of WUF13: A Shared Concern

As WUF13 highlights housing – a challenge for urban planners worldwide, including in the Netherlands – Azerbaijan’s evolving housing strategies provide valuable insights.

Rapid urbanization, especially in Baku and its surroundings, has driven rising housing demand. In response, Azerbaijan has launched integrated urban renewal projects that prioritize both functionality and aesthetics.

A flagship initiative is the Baku White City project, which transforms a former industrial zone known as Black City into a sustainable, vibrant urban district. Featuring mixed-use developments, green spaces, and modern transport connections, the project adheres to principles of environmental rehabilitation. White City stands as a model for post-industrial urban regeneration and land reclamation, relevant to Dutch cities facing similar spatial and sustainability challenges.

Another significant development is Sea Breeze, a private urban project along the Caspian coast that combines luxury coastal living with sustainable planning. This resort-style town features its own infrastructure, commercial zones, and residential areas, demonstrating how public-private partnerships can simultaneously support housing and tourism.

These high-end projects foster architectural experimentation, expand housing typologies, and create employment opportunities – key components of a comprehensive urban strategy.

Rebuilding from the Ground Up: Smart and Sustainable Urban Renewal

Azerbaijan’s most compelling urban development experience today is unfolding across its recently liberated territories. These regions, long deprived of infrastructure, have become the focus of one of Eurasia’s most ambitious reconstruction efforts.

At the heart of this process is the Policy of Great Return, a national initiative aimed at ensuring the safe and sustainable resettlement of displaced persons to their ancestral lands by providing modern infrastructure, housing, and essential social services. As part of this effort, comprehensive master plans are underway to construct dozens of new cities and hundreds of villages from the ground up, emphasizing sustainable design, smart technologies, and community-centered development, with rapid progress being made.

Key projects include:

  • Smart Villages and Cities: A flagship example is the Aghali Smart Village in Zangilan, a pilot project integrating renewable energy, digital governance, and modern agriculture – one of the world’s first post-conflict smart settlements.
  • Transportation Infrastructure: Thousands of kilometers of roads and modern highways are being constructed to connect previously isolated areas. The Fuzuli International Airport, completed in under a year, symbolizes rapid recovery and is complemented by new airports in Zangilan and Lachin. High-speed rail lines and strategically located tunnels not only enhance civilian connectivity but also strengthen regional trade – vital as Azerbaijan positions itself as a hub along the Middle Corridor linking Europe and Asia.
  • Cultural Heritage Rehabilitation: Among the most significant efforts is the restoration of Shusha, Azerbaijan’s cultural capital, a powerful symbol of national identity and resilience. The rehabilitation of Shusha and other historic sites underscores the country’s commitment to preserving its rich heritage.

These initiatives extend beyond physical reconstruction – they aim to restore community life, encourage repopulation, and stimulate economic development, aligning closely with WUF13’s core themes of inclusivity, resilience, and sustainability.

Azerbaijan and the Netherlands: Shared Urban Futures

Azerbaijan’s urban evolution presents valuable insights for Dutch planners, architects, and policymakers attending WUF13. Both countries exemplify innovative approaches to spatial challenges, ecological sustainability, and inclusive housing development. Azerbaijan’s historical adaptability – from medieval walled cities to post-oil-boom metropolises and smart rural settlements – tells a unique story of resilience. Meanwhile, the Netherlands, with its global expertise in sustainable urbanism and water management, stands as a key partner for future cooperation.

Azerbaijan’s urban journey is one of transformation – bridging past, present, and future. As WUF13 gathers global leaders to address urban challenges, particularly housing, Azerbaijan is ready to share its experience, insights, and vision. From Baku’s iconic skyline to smart villages rising in liberated territories, Azerbaijan invites the world to witness not only how cities are built, but how they are reborn.

ICC Registrar Visits Poland and Ukraine to Strengthen Cooperation

Diplomat Magazine
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ICC Registrar Visits Poland and Ukraine to Strengthen Cooperation

From 27 October to 1 November 2025, the Registrar of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Mr. Osvaldo Zavala Giler, carried out an official visit to Poland and Ukraine aimed at reinforcing cooperation with national counterparts and ensuring the continued effectiveness of the Court’s operations concerning the situation in Ukraine.

In Poland, the Registrar was received by Mr. Waldemar Żurek, Minister of Justice and Prosecutor General of the Republic of Poland. The meeting offered an opportunity to convey the Court’s gratitude for Poland’s steadfast political and practical support to the ICC. Discussions underscored the importance of maintaining strong cooperation with the Court, upholding the rule of law, and safeguarding judicial independence in the face of external challenges.

In Ukraine, the Registrar’s mission focused on sustaining the ICC’s operational continuity, including the activities of the Court’s Country Office in Kyiv.

Mr. Zavala Giler held meetings with Mr. Oleksandr Karasevych, State Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine; Ms. Lyudmila Petrivna Sugak, Deputy Minister of Justice for European Integration; and Mr. Oleksii Khomenko, First Deputy Prosecutor General. The discussions reaffirmed the ICC’s ongoing commitment to its work in Ukraine and emphasized the importance of continued cooperation and institutional support for the Court’s operations.

The Registrar also met with Mr. Rolf Holmboe, Head of the European Union Advisory Mission (EUAM) to Ukraine, to exchange views on shared priorities and the European Union’s continued support for the ICC’s mandate.

During his stay in Kyiv, Mr. Zavala Giler visited the ICC Country Office and met with staff members, commending their professionalism, dedication, and resilience in fulfilling their duties under challenging conditions. He expressed his deep appreciation for their contribution to advancing the Court’s work despite the complex security and operational environment.

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