When Military Alliances Turns into a Battlefield

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When Military Alliances Turns into a Battlefield

The Legal Risks of Foreign Bases

By Ayesha Asim

In international politics, geography is rarely just geography. A military base located on the territory of one state can become a strategic asset for another, but it can also transform the host country into a potential frontline during times of conflict.

Across the Middle East, foreign military presence has long shaped regional security dynamics. The United States maintains a network of military facilities, airfields, naval support points, and logistical hubs across several Gulf states, including Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. These installations form a central part of Washington’s regional defence structure.

Yet beneath these security arrangements lies a complex question of international law: when a state allows its territory to be used for military operations against another country, does it assume any legal responsibility for the consequences?

The question has gained renewed attention amid rising tensions between the United States and Iran, but the underlying legal issue extends far beyond any single conflict. It concerns a broader dilemma faced by states hosting foreign military forces: how far does responsibility extend when national territory becomes part of another state’s military operations?

The starting point of this debate is Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter, which prohibits the “threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.” Since the creation of the United Nations in 1945, this principle has remained one of the foundations of the international legal order.

International law recognises two primary exceptions to this prohibition. The first is the right of self-defence under Article 51 of the UN Charter following an armed attack. The second is the use of force authorised by the United Nations Security Council under Chapter VII.

Where military action falls outside these exceptions, its legality becomes highly contested.

This raises an important question for states that host foreign military forces. If another country launches attacks from their territory, and those attacks are considered unlawful, could the host state also face international responsibility?

One of the most relevant references comes from United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 of 1974, which defines aggression. Article 3(f) identifies as an act of aggression:

“The action of a State in allowing its territory, which it has placed at the disposal of another State, to be used by that other State for perpetrating an act of aggression against a third State.”

Although General Assembly resolutions are not legally binding in the same way as treaties, Resolution 3314 has played an important role in shaping international legal discussions on aggression and state responsibility.

The principle behind this provision is significant: a state does not necessarily have to fire the first shot to become legally relevant. Allowing its territory to be used as a platform for unlawful military action may create questions of responsibility, particularly where the state has knowledge of, and facilitates, those operations.

Recent conflicts demonstrate how complicated this issue can become.

During Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Belarus allowed Russian forces to use its territory for military operations, including troop movements and missile launches. Ukraine and several Western governments argued that Belarus had become a facilitator of Russia’s military campaign, even though Belarus did not conduct the main combat operations itself.

A similar debate emerged during the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq. Several Gulf states provided logistical support, access, and military infrastructure for coalition operations. Because the legality of the invasion remains disputed among international lawyers, questions were raised regarding the position of states that enabled those operations through their territory and facilities.

The issue also appeared during counterterrorism operations in the region. States providing airspace access, intelligence cooperation, or logistical assistance to foreign military campaigns have often faced domestic criticism and security risks because armed groups may view them as participants rather than neutral actors.

However, hosting foreign military forces does not automatically make a state a party to every operation conducted by those forces. Governments usually distinguish between allowing another country to maintain military facilities and directly controlling decisions about the use of force.

Many defence agreements are structured around this distinction. A host state may argue that it does not plan, approve, or command specific operations carried out by foreign forces based on its territory.

International law, however, focuses not only on formal arrangements but also on conduct. Questions may arise regarding whether the host state knew about particular operations, whether it assisted, and whether that support contributed to an unlawful act.

The International Law Commission’s Articles on State Responsibility address this issue through the concept of aiding or assisting another state in committing an internationally wrongful act. Under Article 16, a state may incur responsibility if it knowingly assists another state in carrying out conduct that violates international law.

The most sensitive issue concerns possible retaliation.

If a military facility located in another country is used to launch attacks, can that facility become a lawful target during an armed conflict?

Under international humanitarian law, military objectives may be targeted when they make an effective contribution to military action and when their destruction offers a definite military advantage. A base actively used for launching attacks may therefore be considered a military objective.

However, this does not provide unlimited permission for attacks. Any military response must still comply with the fundamental principles of distinction, proportionality, necessity, and precautions in attack. Civilian populations and civilian infrastructure remain protected under international humanitarian law.

A further legal debate concerns the position of the host state itself. If a government knowingly allows its territory to be used for offensive military operations, another state may argue that the host country has become involved in the conflict. The host government, however, may reject this interpretation and maintain that foreign military presence does not automatically remove its status as a non-belligerent state.

Ultimately, international law often faces a gap between legal principles and political reality. Powerful states frequently rely on broad interpretations of self-defence, while international institutions may struggle to respond effectively because of geopolitical divisions and Security Council dynamics. Nevertheless, one principle remains clear: military partnerships bring not only strategic benefits but also legal and political consequences.

For states hosting foreign bases, the challenge is balancing security cooperation with the risk that their territory may become part of conflicts they did not choose. A military installation may protect during times of peace, but during escalation, it can also turn into a potential target. In modern warfare, strategic geography rarely remains neutral. The presence of foreign forces can reshape not only regional security calculations but also the legal responsibilities of the states involved.

About the author:

Ayesha Asim is a legal academic, researcher, and PhD Scholar in Law. She holds an LLM in International Law (Gold Medalist) and has experience in legal research, teaching, and advisory roles. Her areas of interest include international law, humanitarian issues, and other contemporary legal challenges. You can reach her at ayeshamalyc09@gmail.com

Privacy of ill employees

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Privacy of ill employees

Employees have a right to privacy in their private lives. This also applies to sick employees. However, they must also comply with their reintegration obligations and provide accurate information about their illness. What options does the employer have to check whether they are actually doing this?

By Jan Dop

If there are serious doubts about whether an employee is ill, employers may engage an investigation agency, provided that the infringement of the employee’s right to privacy is limited. If the findings of the investigation agency show that an employee is not telling the truth about their limitations and ability to work during illness, they risk dismissal. This is also evident from a recently published ruling by the Rotterdam District Court.

Ill or not ill?

Shortly after the end of his probationary period, a lorry driver reported sick because he had twisted his knee. The employer then came by to bring him a bouquet of flowers, but the employee did not open the door. The employee was also not at home during a second visit on the same day. More than a week later, he wrote to his employer in WhatsApp messages that he was unable to leave the house and had to walk with crutches.

The employer was suspicious, went to the employee’s home again and saw the employee walking down the stairs without crutches and driving a car. This was before a visit to the company doctor, where the employee reported that he was unable to walk without crutches and unable to drive himself.

Based on these findings, the employer engaged an investigation agency. The agency found that the employee was outside several times a day, walking up and down stairs or running at a brisk pace, and walking dogs in his slippers, with a large dog pulling hard on the leash. He also went to shops, walked across an uneven football pitch and drove a car. All this without crutches and without any visible limitations. The employer then dismissed the employee with immediate effect on the grounds of incorrect and incomplete statements about the severity of his limitations and his ability to work during illness.

The employee argued in court that the summary dismissal was unjustified. He was genuinely ill and limited in his abilities. What he had done and what the investigation agency had seen was more than he could handle. The court dismissed this argument. Even if this was true, he was still capable of more than he had told his employer and the company doctor. Moreover, after twisting his knee on the last day of his probationary period, he had still worked for another day without his colleagues noticing that he had physical limitations.

Violation of privacy?

The employee tried another way to get the summary dismissal reversed. He argued that bringing in the investigation agency was an unacceptable violation of his right to privacy. He didn’t convince the magistrate: the employer had good reason to doubt the limitations claimed by the employee, which could justify the investigation. Although an employer should be cautious about approaching a sick employee themselves, the initial visits were certainly permissible: the employer did not intend to observe the employee, but only wanted to cheer him up by bringing him a bouquet of flowers.

The employer should perhaps not have visited the employee’s home again after that, but was entitled to use the findings in its decision to engage an investigation agency. In this case, the employer’s interest in uncovering the truth outweighs the employee’s right to privacy. Finally, the seriousness of the infringement was limited: the employer observed the employee on public roads for a short period of time, namely four days.

Everything showed that the employee did not have the physical limitations he claimed to have. The employee therefore made incorrect and incomplete statements about his incapacity for work. In doing so, he also acted in breach of his reintegration obligations during illness. According to the subdistrict court, this justifies summary dismissal. That dismissal therefore remains in force. The employer is also not required to pay a transition allowance.

Contact an employment lawyer

Are you involved in a dispute with an employee who is unable to work? Or do you have other questions about employment law? Please contact the Embassy Desk of Russell Advocaten. We are dedicated to helping you! jan.dop@russell.nl +31 20 301 5555

The Hague: The World in Miniature

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The Hague: The World in Miniature

By Jan van Zanen, Mayor of The Hague

Nowhere does the Netherlands look as organised as in Madurodam; I realised this again during a recent visit. My eyes swept over the Amsterdam canals, with the Westerkerk standing as a proud landmark. A little bit further, I admired the Frisian Wouda pumping station. With a few more steps, I was standing next to the Peace Palace in The Hague. Trains ran on schedule, and traffic jams were non-existent. Welcome to the ideal society, scale 1:25.

Outside the gates of Madurodam, the real city of The Hague was waiting. Not The Netherlands in miniature, but rather, the world pocket-sized. Because with 180 nationalities, 110 embassies, and at least 550 international organisations, our city is literally a ‘global village.’

You notice it daily on the streets. An embassy employee parks their bike next to a family cargo bike. In a coffee bar near the Anna Paulownaplein, a team from an international organisation discusses its plans, while at the bar, someone is on a call with New York or Nairobi. English is a given, but you hear French, Spanish, or Arabic just as often. No one even blinks.

The Hague does not have a diplomatic district set apart from the rest of the city. Embassies are housed in old stately townhouses; international organisations share their neighbourhoods with homes, schools, and shops. International work happens in the midst of daily life. The distance between a high-level meeting and a tram stop is often shorter than the distance between theory and practice.

In Madurodam, the Binnenhof always looks complete and fully in use. In The Hague, the real Binnenhof is hidden behind fences and scaffolding. It is being renovated and is temporarily closed, while political work continues elsewhere. That difference is telling. Our city cherishes its symbols, but it will not be paralysed by them. When work has to be done, the work moves.

This is equally true for The Hague as the international city of peace and justice. The Peace Palace is not a stage set, but it is an office where people walk in every day carrying files and notes. A little further down are the institutions dealing with war crimes, human rights, cybersecurity, or conflict mediation. The conversations are seldom spectacular. They are about definitions, case law, and wording that must hold up under scrutiny.

For diplomats and other internationals, The Hague is often an interim stop. Postings last a few years, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter. Yet, a routine quickly takes hold. Regular lunch spots, familiar faces at gatherings, the same walking routes through the city. In this respect, The Hague shows surprisingly clear similarities to Madurodam. Everything here is in close proximity. Distances are short, the connection between institutions is visible.

But while little to nothing changes in the miniature park, The Hague is in constant motion. Teams rotate, priorities shift, and new crises emerge. Our city doesn’t resist these flows; it adapts fluidly where possible and facilitates where necessary.

Now that the international legal order faces global pressure, The Hague remains unwavering in its support. A steadfast commitment for which U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres explicitly expressed his appreciation during our meeting in April, when he visited our city for the 80th anniversary of the International Court of Justice.

Those who visit Madurodam see the Netherlands as an idealised concept. Those who work in The Hague see international cooperation as it truly functions: as daily work involving concrete issues, agendas, and interests.

That work is carried out by people like you. By people who give our city colour, weight, and international grandeur. People who bring the world to The Hague and The Hague to the world. As you can see: we are happy to have you.

Mardouw Olive Estate Strikes Again with Double Gold in Amsterdam

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Mardouw Olive Estate Strikes Again with Double Gold in Amsterdam

South Africa’s growing reputation as a producer of world-class extra virgin olive oils received another boost as Mardouw Olive Estate secured two Gold Awards and one Silver Award at the Amsterdam International Olive Oil Competition (IOOC), one of Europe’s respected olive oil competitions.

The Western Cape-based estate was awarded Gold for its Mardouw XXV Medium and Mardouw XXV Medium Limited Edition extra virgin olive oils, while its Mardouw XXV Intense received a Silver Award. The recognition adds to a remarkable series of international distinctions earned by the estate in recent years.

The latest success follows Mardouw’s historic achievement earlier this year when it was ranked #24 in the 2025 EVOO World Rankings, the highest position ever attained by a South African olive oil producer. The ranking placed South Africa among the world’s emerging premium olive oil nations, despite the country accounting for only a fraction of global production compared with traditional Mediterranean producers.

Speaking after the awards ceremony in Amsterdam, Mardouw CEO Gerbrand Nijman noted that the recognition supports the estate’s ambition to strengthen its standing among the world’s leading olive oil producers. He also highlighted the significance of receiving the awards alongside founders André and Marijke Verder, whose vision has guided the estate since its establishment more than two decades ago.

Located near Swellendam in the Western Cape, Mardouw Olive Estate covers approximately 1,000 hectares and is home to around 50,000 olive trees nestled at the foothills of the Langeberg Mountains in the Breede River Valley. Founded in 2002, the family-owned estate maintains full control over the production process, from cultivation and harvesting to pressing and bottling, a model that has contributed to its reputation for quality and consistency.

Over the past four years, Mardouw has become South Africa’s most awarded olive oil producer, earning recognition at major international competitions in Europe and beyond. Its continued success reflects the broader progress of South Africa’s olive oil industry, which is increasingly gaining attention for producing premium extra virgin olive oils capable of competing with some of the world’s most established producers.

Consumers in the Netherlands can find Mardouw’s award-winning oils at Gastrovino Mijn Hemel in Hilversum and VomFASS in Wassenaar. In Belgium, the products are available through Lourdon Delicatessen in Brasschaat and Rodenburg Home & Garden in Schoten.

Montenegro Celebrates the 20th Anniversary of the Restoration of Its Independence

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Montenegro Celebrates the 20th Anniversary of the Restoration of Its Independence

By Roy Lie Atjam

H.E. Mr. Milisav Raspopović, the Ambassador of Montenegro, hosted an impressive reception to mark the 20th Anniversary of Montenegro’s Restoration of Independence.

This notable event took place on Wednesday, June 10, 2026, at the prestigious Nieuwe Kerk in The Hague, drawing a diverse crowd of fellow ambassadors, diplomats, international representatives, local officials, and members of the diaspora.

It was a momentous occasion, celebrating Montenegro’s first diplomatic National Day in The Hague, and it underscored the nation’s commitment to fostering international relationships.

Earlier, on May 21, 2026, Montenegrins celebrated in Podgorica’s Independence Square, proudly honoring their restored independence from Serbia. This historic milestone was met with lively festivities, including spectacular concerts featuring renowned international pop and electronic artists like Ricky Martin and DJ Robin Schulz.

Moreover, a high-profile national event was conducted, with EU officials in attendance, including European Commissioner for Enlargement Marta Kos. This gathering was a powerful affirmation of Montenegro’s significant strides toward EU accession, highlighting its role as a leading contenderr in the region.

20th Anniversary of Montenegro’s Restoration of Independence.

Here are the welcome remarks by H.E. Mr. Milisav Raspopović, the Ambassador of Montenegro.

“It is my great pleasure to welcome you this evening as we celebrate the Independence Day of Montenegro.

This year’s celebration carries particular significance as we mark twenty years since the restoration of Montenegro’s independence and twenty years of diplomatic relations between Montenegro and the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Two decades ago, the citizens of Montenegro made a historic decision to restore our independence through a democratic referendum held in accordance with the highest international standards. That decision reflected our determination to build Montenegro as a sovereign, democratic and European state.

Today, Montenegro remains firmly committed to strengthening democratic institutions, advancing the rule of law and achieving its strategic goal of full membership in the European Union.

One of the more curious similarities between Montenegro and the Netherlands is that we regularly compete for the title of the tallest nation in the world. You would therefore expect us to be unbeatable in basketball. Unfortunately, height alone is not enough.

Fortunately, our countries also regularly meet in water polo. Earlier this year, Montenegro and the Netherlands faced each other at the European Championship. The only complication was that the Dutch national team head coach is from Montenegro. So by the end of the match, we were not entirely sure whom we were supposed to support. Perhaps that is the perfect reflection of the relationship between our two countries.  Even when we find ourselves on opposite sides, we somehow still end up on the same team.

The Netherlands has been a valued partner of Montenegro throughout our reform and European integration process. We greatly appreciate the political support, expertise and practical assistance that the Netherlands has provided over the years, including through programs such as MATRA, which have helped strengthen institutions and support reforms across our country.

The Dutch approach to EU enlargement is often described as strict and fair. We understand the importance the Netherlands attaches to the rule of law, institutional resilience and security. At the same time, we appreciate an approach that recognizes and rewards tangible progress.

As a reliable NATO Ally and a country fully aligned with the European Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy, Montenegro remains committed to regional stability, good neighbors  relations and the European future of the Western Balkans.

Relations between our two countries have gained new momentum in recent years. Following the opening of our Embassy in The Hague, the first official visit of the President of Montenegro to the Netherlands took place, and our Ministries of Foreign Affairs held their first political consultations.

Just last week, Montenegro welcomed leaders from across Europe for the very successful EU–Western Balkans Summit, including, among others, Dutch Prime Minister Rob Jetten. While his participation was linked to the Summit, the occasion also marked a historic milestone in our bilateral relations, as it was the first visit to Montenegro by a Prime Minister of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Political dialogue is not the only thing bringing our countries closer together. Direct air connections, including recently introduced the year-round route between Maastricht and Podgorica and the seasonal flight between Amsterdam and Tivat, have also helped strengthen ties between our citizens, business communities and tourism sectors.

We are convinced that the best is still ahead of us. There is plenty of room to strengthen cooperation, encourage new investments and bring our countries even closer together.

The Hague, the home of our Embassy, holds a special place in our relationship with the Netherlands. As the international city of peace and justice, it reflects values that Montenegro deeply supports, such as respect for international law, human rights, sovereignty and cooperation among nations. At a time when these principles are facing serious challenges, preserving them remains a shared responsibility for all of us.”

Slavica Milic of Luštica Bay

In a message to the Montenegrin community in the Netherlands, Ambassador Raspopović highlighted

“Dear fellow citizens, many of you built your lives in the Netherlands long before Montenegro established its diplomatic presence here. Through your work, achievements and personal connections, you represent the very best of Montenegro.

Over the years, you have become an important bridge between Montenegro and the Netherlands, helping bring our countries and our people closer together.

For all of this, we are sincerely very grateful.

As we mark these two important anniversaries, we can look back with pride on the partnership between Montenegro and the Netherlands, which is built on mutual respect, trust and shared values.

The progress we have achieved together gives us every reason to look to the future with confidence. I am certain that the next chapter of our relationship will bring even closer cooperation and new opportunities for our countries and our people.

Before I conclude, let me express my sincere appreciation to our sponsors. I am pleased to welcome representatives of Luštica Bay, one of Montenegro’s most ambitious tourism and investment projects, who will shortly present their vision right after. I would also like to thank Expo Commerce, a company that has been connecting Montenegro with international markets for more than three decades.

Thank you for being with us this evening and I wish you all prosperity, success and every happiness.

Živjela Crna Gora.

Long live Montenegro or as the Dutch would say Lang leve Montenegro!”

Slavica Milic of Luštica Bay, one of the sponsors of the festivities, held a captivating exposé onthe tourism and investment scheme at Luštica Bay.

The reception featured a delightful Montenegro walking dinner buffet

 and cocktails, creating a friendly atmosphere for guests to mingle, enjoy delicious food, and fully embrace the jubilation of Montenegro’s 20th anniversary celebration.

Navigating Complexity: Streamlining Global Mobility for Seafarers

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Navigating Complexity: Streamlining Global Mobility for Seafarers

In an era where global shipping underpins international trade, the movement of maritime professionals remains one of the industry’s most complex logistical challenges. At the forefront of addressing this challenge is Peter Smit, CEO of BCS Group, a company that has established itself as a key player in facilitating crew mobility worldwide.

With tens of thousands of visas processed annually—including an impressive 40,000 for Filipino crew members alone—BCS Group operates at a scale where efficiency is not merely an advantage, but a necessity. Yet, as Smit emphasizes, the real challenge lies not in volume, but in variability.

A Fragmented Global System

“Every jurisdiction has its own rules, documentation standards, and interpretations,” Smit explains. While the Schengen system offers a degree of harmonization, it does not extend seamlessly to other regions such as the United Kingdom, the United States, or Asia. The result is a fragmented regulatory landscape where requirements can shift with little notice.

Among the most pressing operational challenges are fragmented regulations, unpredictable processing times, and the need for absolute data accuracy—often under intense time pressure due to last-minute crew changes.

To address this, BCS Group has invested significantly in standardization and digitalization. By centralizing data, automating document checks, and maintaining real-time regulatory intelligence, the company ensures both speed and compliance. As Smit notes, these are not competing priorities: “The more structured and controlled your process is, the fewer errors you make, and the faster you can move.”

The Need for Structural Reform

Despite operational advancements, Smit underscores that the broader issue lies in outdated visa frameworks. Current systems, he argues, are largely designed for tourism or migration—not for highly mobile professionals such as seafarers.

He advocates for reforms at both European and international levels, including the formal recognition of maritime professionals as a distinct mobility category, standardized documentation across Schengen states, and the introduction of priority visa channels. Greater digitalization and data-sharing between countries would further enhance efficiency.

“Shipping is a global industry,” Smit notes. “The regulatory framework supporting it should reflect that reality, rather than remain fragmented along national lines.”

Efficiency with a Human Focus

Beyond systems and regulations, Smit places strong emphasis on the human dimension of crew logistics. Each visa processed represents an individual—often someone who has spent months at sea and is navigating a critical moment of transition.

BCS Group’s “one-stop shop” model is designed to reduce stress and uncertainty by ensuring that all documentation and logistics are prepared in advance. This enables seafarers to maximize their limited time ashore, whether for rest or onward travel.

“Efficiency, in this context, is part of the human solution,” Smit explains. “The smoother the process, the more meaningful time a seafarer has.”

Retention: The Industry’s Defining Challenge

While recruitment into the maritime sector remains steady, retention has emerged as a structural concern. According to Smit, the underlying issues are clear: unpredictable rotations, administrative delays, isolation at sea, and limited visibility on long-term career paths.

Addressing these challenges requires a shift in mindset. Reliable crew change planning, better regulatory alignment, investment in onboard connectivity, and clearer career development pathways are all essential.

“At its core, this is about treating the maritime professional not just as an operational resource, but as a long-term professional,” Smit emphasizes. “If the industry wants sustainability, it needs to offer predictability, respect, and a viable career path.”

A Strategic Industry at a Crossroads

As global trade continues to depend on maritime transport, the efficiency of crew mobility systems will remain a critical factor. Through innovation, advocacy, and a strong human-centered approach, BCS Group is not only responding to today’s challenges but also helping to shape the future of maritime logistics.

In a world increasingly defined by interconnectedness, the ability to move people as seamlessly as goods may well become one of the defining challenges—and opportunities—of the global economy.

Youth Peace Summit brings 150 young changemakers to The Hague to build peace together

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Youth Peace Summit brings 150 young changemakers to The Hague to build peace together

From 17 to 19 June, 150 young people from around the world will gather at The Hague University of Applied Sciences for the Youth Peace Summit, a three-day programme of workshops, dialogue sessions and hands-on peacebuilding activities. The summit will conclude with the creation of the Youth Peace Charter, an action-oriented document outlining practical next steps for future peace initiatives.

‘’Young people are not waiting for peace, they create it! ‘’

Anastasia – YPS Volunteer

The event is organised by a team of young volunteers who have spent months creating a programme designed by youth, for youth, in collaboration with a broad network of partners.

On Thursday, 18 June at 16:00, more than 25 local, national and international peace-related organisations will come together for an activity market, offering participants and visitors the opportunity to engage with a wide range of peace initiatives. These include peacebuilding projects, local community programmes and dialogue-based organisations, with participating partners including UNOY, The Hague Humanity Hub, Dialoog in Den Haag and Young Atlantics, among others.

On Friday, 19 June at 16:00, the summit will conclude with the presentation and formal handover of the Youth Peace Charter to Ambassador for Youth, Education and Work Jurriaan Middelhof and The Hague Mayor Jan van Zanen.

Following the ceremony, guests, stakeholders and members of the press will be invited to speak with organisers and participants of the Youth Peace Summit 2027.

Africa Day 2026 Celebration in The Netherlands

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Africa Day 2026 Celebration in The Netherlands

By Roy Lie Atjam

The 2026 Africa Day celebration marks a significant milestone as we commemorate the 63rd anniversary of the founding of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now recognized as the African Union (AU).

 “Sixty-three Years of Unity, Integration, and Development: Let’s Celebrate Together!”

This year’s celebration was centered on the important theme, “Assuring Sustainable Water Availability and Safe Sanitation Systems to Achieve Agenda 2063,” aligning with the African Union’s vision for 2026.

On May 26, 2026, a diverse crowd gathered to honor this momentous occasion, celebrating the AU’s 63rd anniversary. The event, organized by the African embassies accredited to The Hague, commenced with a powerful rendition of the AU Anthem, setting a tone of pride and solidarity.

During the celebration, a poignant message from H.E. Evariste Ndayishimiye, President of the Republic of Burundi and African Union Chairperson for 2026, was shared. He emphasized Africa’s unwavering commitment to tackling its challenges, seizing its opportunities, and fostering unity among its people. Together, we can build a brighter future for our continent!

The Diplomatic Community in the Netherlands came together for a lively and joyful celebration of Africa Day 2026! Attendees included ambassadors and diplomats, representatives from various countries, international organizations, UN agencies, civil society, and the vibrant African diaspora.

Everyone enjoyed delicious African food, refreshing drinks, and lively music, all in a warm atmosphere that truly highlighted Africa’s traditions of hospitality and generosity.

The program featured engaging speeches, including one from H.E. Ambassador Vusi Madonsela of the Republic of South Africa, who serves as the Dean of the African Diplomatic Corps in the Netherlands, followed by the Netherlands Minister of Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation, Mr Sjoerd Sjoerdsma, the Guest of Honour.  We also heard from H.E. Ms. Caroline Chipeta, the Ambassador of the United Republic of Tanzania, who read a heartfelt letter from H.E. Evariste Ndayishimiye, the President of the Republic of Burundi and the African Union Chairperson for 2026. The letter conveyed a strong message about Africa’s dedication to overcoming challenges, embracing opportunities, and working together in unity. It was a wonderful reminder of the strength and spirit we share as a community!

Here follow the “Welcome remarks by the Dean of the African Diplomatic Corps, H.E. Ambassador Vusi Madonsela of the Republic of South Africa on the occasion of the celebration of Africa Day 2026.

Your Excellency Minister Sjoerd Sjoerdsma, Your Excellencies, Your Excellencies, Ambassadors & Heads of International Organizations, Distinguished Guests & Friends of the African continent:

In my capacity as Dean of the African Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, I am deeply honoured to be able to sayto you: Karibuni sana, and a very warm welcome to you all here today!

We gather here today to celebrate Africa Day, 24 hours after the actual date that marked the historic founding of the Organisation of African Unity— now the African Union, because May 25 this year coincided with Whit Day which was a public holiday in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.Africa Day marks the continent’s decades of resilience, unity, and shared progress against countless odds. But more than a historical milestone, today is a testament to the dynamic, forward-looking partnerships we are building right here in the Netherlands.

We are deeply honoured to have the Dutch Minister of Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation, Mr Sjoerd Sjoerdsma in our midst as our Guest of Honour.  Honourable Minister, Your presence here this evening highlights and the engagement you had with the African Diplomatic Corps accredited to the Kingdom of the Netherlands earlier today are indicative of an essential evolving relationship between your country and the African continent.

To all my fellow African Ambassadors and all their diplomatic staff here present, your tireless work bridges cultures and fosters dialogue across borders. This celebration today reflects your hard work and the vibrant diversity that defines our diaspora in the Netherlands.

Honourable Minister, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I invite you to use this Africa Day not only to reflect on our continent’s rich heritage, but to cast your sights into the future—a future filled with opportunities for collaboration to cultivate favourable conditions for smart partnerships for inclusive economic growth, mutual respect, and enduring human solidarity.

Thank you all for being here to celebrate with us. In advance, following the formal programme, I kindly invite you all to experience the spirit of our continent through our music, our arts,,and to  to partake of the potpourri of our culinary delights, designed to suit a whole tapestry palate.

Asante sana and enjoy the celebrations!“

Concert 75th Anniversary Diplomatic Relations Philippines-Netherlands

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Concert 75th Anniversary Diplomatic Relations Philippines-Netherlands

By Roy Lie Atjam

On May 21, 2026, the Embassy of the Philippines, in collaboration with Diplomat Magazine, proudly hosted a concert to commemorate the 75th anniversary of Philippine-Netherlands diplomatic relations. This remarkable evening was held at the historic Nieuwe Kerk (1656) in downtown The Hague, featuring the renowned soprano Ms. Rachelle Gerodias, who captivated the audience with her powerful voice, accompanied by the talented pianist Shermaine Velasco.

The event was further enriched by a special performance from baritone Mr. Byeong In Park, providing a remarkable cultural experience.

Philippines Soprano Ms. Rachelle Gerodias.

The concert drew a distinguished audience, including ambassadors; Permanent Secretary  Christiaan Rebergen, ICJ President Yuji Iwasawa and Madame Iwasawa, CFC Managing Director Sheikh Mohammed Belal and his spouse; ambassadors from ASEAN countries; respected judges of the ICJ and ICC, the Secretary General of the Hague Academy, Mr. Jean Mark Thouvenin, and representatives from esteemed international organizations in The Hague.

Mr. Christiaan Rebergen, Permanent Secretary of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The highlight of the evening was a compelling speech from the guest of honor, Permanent Secretary Mr. Christiaan Rebergen of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Speaking on behalf of the Dutch government, he emphasized, “This week, marked by high-level exchanges and collaboration across various fields, showcases the strength of our ties.”

Rebergen went on to say, “an anniversary like this signifies not just history, but also our cooperation in trade, education, and culture—most importantly, it’s about the people and the connections we forge. Let us honor these connections in the most beautiful way possible: through music. Music transcends language; it resonates with everyone, tells our stories, honors our memories, and touches our hearts.”

Featuring on the program, Rachelle Gerodias-Park treated the audience with a well-appreciated rendition of the Dutch song “Maria, schone vrouwe” (Maria, fair lady), composed by the renowned Dutch composer Hendrik Andriessen

In his welcome remarks, Philippine Ambassador to the Netherlands J. Eduardo Malaya stated that the commemoration’s theme “aptly characterizes the bilateral relations, which covers a multitude of areas, notably trade and investment, smart agriculture, water management, semi-conductors, sustainable development, renewable energy, academic exchanges, and the list continues to grow.”

Dr Mayelinne De Lara, Diplomat Magazine’s Publisher, pianist Shermaine Velasco, H.E. Ambassador Jose Eduardo Malaya, Permanent Secretary Mr. Christiaan Rebergen, Soprano Ms. Rachelle Gerodias and baritono Mr. Byeong In Park.

“As we navigate an increasingly complex global landscape, our close relations have equipped us to confidently address challenges, including sustainability, reliable energy supply chains, and maritime security. Our shared commitment to international law, the law of the sea, and democracy serves as a solid foundation for our collaboration,” the Ambassador added.

Ambassador J. Eduardo Malaya and Foreign Secretary Ma. Theresa P. Lazaro.

The 75th anniversary celebration was further amplified by the significant visit of Foreign Secretary Ma. Theresa P. Lazaro to the Netherlands, which took place from May 17 to 19, 2026, the first visit by a Philippine Foreign Affairs Secretary in 33 years., marking an important moment in the Philippines- Netherlands diplomatic journey.

During the visit, Secretary Lazaro met with Dutch Foreign Minister Tom Berendsen and high-level officials of international organizations based in The Hague. Earlier, in March 2026, Trade and Industry Undersecretary Allan Gepty visited the Netherlands, while Dutch Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Aukje de Vries traveled to Manila in February for meetings with Trade and Industry Secretary Ma. Cristina Aldeguer-Roque.

The evening opened with a rendition by Gerodias of “Quando men vo,” the aria from La Boheme, accompanied by Velasco, an Amsterdam-born pianist of Filipino heritage. Gerodias and Park did duets of “Libiamo,” “Papageno Papagena,” and “Lippen Schweigen,” then Park had a solo performance of “Largo al Factotum.”

The Philippines Foreign Secretary, Ma. Theresa P. Lazaro and H.E. Ambassador J Eduardo Malaya together with Philippines diplomats at the embassy in The Hague.

Their performance of Filipino classics including “Katakataka” (How Surprising!), “Sa Kabukiran” (In the Farmland), “Mutya ng Pasig” (Muse of Pasig), and “Dahil Sa Isang Bulaklak” (Because of a Flower) delighted the audience, followed by a duet performance of the Korean song “A Fine Day in October.” Park, the spouse of Gerodias, is of Korean descent.

The concert concluded with the Broadway favorites “Some Enchanted Evening,” “Think of Me,” “All I Ask of You,” and “Tonight, tonight.”

Ambassador Malaya at the piano performing with soprano Rachelle Gerodias.

Ambassador Malaya surprised the audience when he accompanied on the piano Ms. Gerodias in performing “Payapang Daigdig” (Peaceful World).

Responding to the request of the audience for an encore, Ms. Rachelle and Mr. Byeong In sang Celine Dion’s “The Prayer.”

The Italian Art of Film Costumes: Celebrating Maria Callas Through Cinema and Fashion at the Benaki Museum

Diplomat Magazine
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The Italian Art of Film Costumes: Celebrating Maria Callas Through Cinema and Fashion at the Benaki Museum


By Eleni Vasiliki Bampaliouta

The exhibition “The Italian Art of Film Costumes” at the Benaki Museum is a unique cultural event that brings together cinema, fashion, theatre, and opera through the iconic figure of Maria Callas. It is a tribute not only to the legendary soprano but also to the power of costume as a vehicle of memory, aesthetics, and storytelling.

At the heart of the exhibition are the costumes from the film Maria (2024), directed by acclaimed Chilean filmmaker Pablo Larraín and starring Angelina Jolie as Maria Callas. The costumes were created specifically for the film by internationally renowned Italian costume designer Massimo Cantini Parrini, one of the most distinguished contemporary costume designers in cinema and theatre. His work is characterized by meticulous historical accuracy, extensive research, and a profound understanding of character psychology—qualities that are vividly reflected throughout the exhibition.

Parrini’s curatorial approach seeks to reveal the many dimensions of Maria Callas’s personality. Through the costumes, visitors follow the transition from the grandeur of the celebrated diva to the more intimate and vulnerable side of the woman behind the legend. Iconic opera costumes, luxurious evening ensembles, elegant everyday attire, and authentic references to the fashions of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s create a compelling visual and emotional journey through the life of the world-renowned soprano.

The exhibition also highlights the significance of Italian costume design and the “Made in Italy” aesthetic, which shaped the global fashion landscape throughout the twentieth century. Through haute couture fabrics, intricate handcrafted details, and carefully researched historical references, visitors gain insight into Italy’s rise as an international center of creativity, craftsmanship, and elegance. Costume is presented not merely as clothing, but as a cultural document reflecting the social transformations, artistic movements, and aesthetic values of each era.

Of particular interest is Massimo Cantini Parrini’s collaboration with students from the renowned Polimoda fashion school in Florence, where he is both an alumnus and mentor. This partnership gives the exhibition a strong educational and intergenerational dimension, highlighting the transmission of knowledge, expertise, and artistic vision to a new generation of designers.

Organized by the Embassy of Italy in Athens and the Benaki Museum, under the auspices of the National Chamber of Italian Fashion, the exhibition strengthens the cultural dialogue between Greece and Italy. Its inclusion in the “Days of Italian Fashion in the World” initiative further underscores its international significance and its role as a bridge between art, cinema, and fashion.

Beyond its aesthetic appeal, the exhibition serves as a tribute to the enduring legacy of Maria Callas. Her image emerges as a symbol of artistic excellence, personal strength, and timeless elegance. Through the costumes created for the film, “La Divina” is brought to life once again as an emblematic figure who continues to inspire the worlds of music, fashion, and culture.

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