Israel – A Super Sparta in the Contemporary Middle East?

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Israel – A Super Sparta in the Contemporary Middle East?


By Major General (ret) Corneliu Pivariu

“The Middle East is a region where the past has never passed, where history weighs on the present more heavily than anywhere else.”
— Bernard Lewis (British historian specialized in the Middle East)


Against this loaded historical backdrop, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s statement that Israel must become a “super Sparta” takes on a special significance. It is not merely a rhetorical formula, but a strategy through which Israel reaffirms its intention to consolidate itself as a first-rank military power in a region marked by chronic rivalries, identity conflicts, and global geopolitical competitions.

Self-definition as a “super Sparta” reflects both the perception of a constant threat to the security of the Jewish state and the desire to project strength and deterrence. At the same time, this concept has multiple effects: it mobilizes Israeli society, fuels Palestinian anxieties, provokes contradictory reactions in the Arab world, and draws the attention of great powers interested either in the stability or in the instability of the Middle East.

Understanding the contemporary Middle East requires the recognition of two strategic constants: the permanent support of the United States for Israel[2], and the inability of Arab states[3] to build a united stance around the Palestinian issue. The first constant ensured Israel’s survival and rise; the second facilitated its consolidation. Together, they explain the resilience and permanence of the conflict in the region.

Israel’s Position

In light of the two constants—the American support and the division of the Arab world—Israel has built its own strategy of survival and regional assertion. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s statement that the Jewish state must become a “super Sparta” is not just a rhetorical formula, but the expression of a security philosophy deeply rooted in the country’s geopolitical reality[4].

  1. Military Consolidation. Israel has consistently maintained a high level of defense spending (over 4.5% of GDP), which places it among the top states in the world in relative terms. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) are conceived as a versatile force, capable of conducting rapid ground operations, dominating regional airspace, and neutralizing maritime threats. Moreover, the development of cyber and informational capabilities is considered essential for maintaining a strategic edge.
  2. Technological Supremacy. A defining element of the “super Sparta” vision is innovation. Israel invests massively in military research, pioneering fields such as:

• missile defense (Iron Dome, David’s Sling, Arrow),

• drones and autonomous systems,

• artificial intelligence applied to intelligence and combat operations.
This technological advance allows Israel to compensate for its numerical disadvantage compared to Arab states and to convey the message to its adversaries that qualitative superiority prevails over sheer numbers.

  • Social Mobilization and the Culture of Security. Mandatory military service and the reservist network anchor the army within the very structure of society. The IDF is not only a military instrument, but also a factor of national cohesion, a place where political, economic, and cultural leaders are shaped. The “super Sparta” discourse reinforces this culture, presenting security not as a task of the government alone, but as a collective responsibility of the entire nation.
  • External Projection. On the diplomatic level, self-definition as a “super Sparta” serves both to deter adversaries and to attract the respect of strategic partners. Israel seeks to be perceived not merely as an isolated regional democracy, but as an impregnable fortress, able to face any challenge on its own and to be a reliable ally for the great powers.

Thus, Israel’s position can be summarized as a combination between the existential need for security and the ambition to project power in a hostile environment, where diplomacy is often secondary to military strength.

The Palestinian Position

If for Israel the concept of a “super Sparta” represents a strategy of survival and power projection, for the Palestinians it confirms the exact opposite: the intention of the Jewish state to perpetuate military domination and to exclude any real political solution.

  1. The Palestinian Authority (PA). The leadership in Ramallah interprets Netanyahu’s discourse as clear proof of the refusal of dialogue and the abandonment of the two-state solution perspective. From the PA’s standpoint, the emphasis on militarization and on strengthening Israel’s defensive identity amounts to an attempt to transform the occupation status quo into a permanent reality. Thus, “super Sparta” is not perceived as a defensive concept, but as an expression of hegemony.
  2. Hamas and Islamic Jihad. For radical Palestinian movements, Israeli rhetoric validates the choice of armed struggle. If Israel defines itself as a fortress, the only way to counter it is through asymmetric warfare: rocket attacks, urban guerrilla operations, and the use of tunnel networks. In their logic, “super Sparta” justifies resistance even more, even at the cost of escalating violence and civilian suffering.

The Situation in Gaza. The Gaza Strip has become the epicenter of the Palestinian tragedy and the strongest image of the disproportion between Israel’s military power and the fragility of the Palestinian population. Successive Israeli military campaigns have caused massive destruction of civilian infrastructure, and the death toll exceeds 70,000[5], the majority being civilians. Extensive bombardments, the lack of access to drinking water, electricity, and medical services have turned Gaza into a devastated territory.

Beyond the military dimension, more and more voices argue that Israel’s real objective is the displacement of the entire Palestinian population from Gaza to Egypt or other areas, which would mean a radical demographic change, unprecedented in the recent history of the region. This perception is based not only on the analysis of factual consequences, but also on official Israeli documents and statements suggesting that the evacuation of the population would be seen as the “final solution” for Israel’s security[6].

For Palestinians, “super Sparta” is no longer just a metaphor of a military fortress, but the synonym of a project of systematic elimination through death, exile, or marginalization. Gaza thus becomes not only a battlefield, but also the laboratory of a policy aimed at irreversibly altering the demographic reality of the conflict.

  • Public Opinion among Palestinians. At the societal level, Palestinians experience this rhetoric as a condemnation to perpetual confrontation. In the absence of a credible political horizon, the population feels frustration and despair, which fuel extremism and diminish the chances of a negotiated resolution. For many, “super Sparta” means that Israel will concede nothing, and peace becomes an illusion.
  • Political Consequences. The Israeli discourse contributes to the isolation of the moderate Palestinian camp and strengthens the radical factions. At the same time, it provides an additional argument to states and organizations that contest Israel’s legitimacy on the international stage. From this perspective, “super Sparta” risks becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy: the more Israel defines itself as a fortress, the fewer alternatives Palestinians see outside confrontation.

The Reaction of Middle Eastern States

Israel’s declaration regarding its transformation into a “super Sparta” generated diverse and sometimes contradictory reactions in the Arab and Muslim world. These reflect not only attitudes toward Israel but also the region’s internal rivalries.

  1. Iran. Tehran immediately used the “super Sparta” rhetoric to justify its policy of total support for Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and Hezbollah. In official Iranian discourse, Israel is presented as an aggressive entity with expansionist ambitions, and “super Sparta” is merely confirmation that the only possible response is armed resistance and escalation of the confrontation.
  2. Turkey. Ankara openly condemned the Israeli statements, accusing Netanyahu of destabilizing the region and perpetuating the conflict. Yet economic relations and occasional intelligence cooperation remain active, revealing the ambivalence of Turkey’s strategy: firm public opposition, but pragmatism behind the scenes.
  3. Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States[7]. Rivalry with Iran drives the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain to cooperate discreetly with Israel in sensitive areas such as missile defense and security technology. However, these states cannot publicly endorse the “super Sparta” rhetoric, which would be perceived by Arab public opinion as capitulation to Israeli hegemony. For Saudi Arabia, “super Sparta” is more a matter of political balancing: while rivalry with Iran pushes Riyadh toward pragmatic rapprochement with Israel, domestic pressure and its status as guardian of Islam prevent it from openly approving Israel’s excessive militarization. As a result, Saudi Arabia oscillates between discreet cooperation and pro-Palestinian rhetoric, without ever embracing the concept itself.
  4. Egypt and Jordan. Both states have peace treaties with Israel and maintain good security cooperation. Their reactions to the “super Sparta” rhetoric have been moderate, with formal diplomatic criticism but no concrete actions. For Cairo, the priority remains stability on the Gaza border, while for Amman it is the internal balance between its majority Palestinian population and its strategic relationship with the West.
  5. Syria. Damascus continues to consider Israel an illegal occupier of the Golan Heights, annexed in 1967 and recognized by the United States in 2019. In Syrian rhetoric, “super Sparta” confirms Israel’s expansionist and aggressive character. Nevertheless, against the backdrop of international isolation and the need for reconstruction after the civil war, the Assad regime has engaged in discreet contacts mediated by Russia and, at times, by the United Arab Emirates, exploring the possibility of limited arrangements with Israel (especially regarding border security and prisoner exchanges). So far, these overtures have produced no concrete results, but their mere existence shows that Syria, weakened and dependent on Moscow and Tehran, keeps open the option of pragmatic negotiation.
  6. The Wider Arab World. In the Maghreb and in states such as Iraq or Yemen, Israeli discourse is used propagandistically to denounce the West and its alliance with the U.S. However, the lack of real capacity for action means that these reactions remain symbolic.
  7. Qatar and the Arab World’s Reaction. The Israeli attack on Doha sent a shockwave through the region, given Qatar’s status as a wealthy, influential state and host of major U.S. military bases. Normally, such an action should have generated a firm and united Arab reaction. In reality, the responses were weak and fragmented: strong verbal condemnations from Qatar and a few close allies, but no concrete retaliatory measures or collective Arab mobilization.

This lack of unity, manifested even in the face of an attack on a sovereign Gulf state, highlights the second constant of the Middle East: the inability of Arab states to coalesce into a common strategy. For Israel, this confirms that it can continue unilateral actions without the risk of a concerted regional response.

Partial Conclusion. The reactions in the Middle East confirm the region’s second constant: the inability of Arab and Muslim states to formulate a unified stance. While some see “super Sparta” as an existential threat, others perceive it as a strategic ally against Iran. This divergence is, in fact, one of the essenti

The Influence of the Great Powers

Israel’s position as a “super Sparta” cannot be understood apart from its relationship with the global great powers, each of which has distinct interests in the region.

  1. The United States. Washington remains the fundamental guarantor of Israel’s security. Military, financial, and diplomatic support is constant, regardless of the administration in power. Netanyahu’s declaration about “super Sparta” was not criticized by the U.S., being interpreted instead as a reaffirmation of Israel’s role as a regional bastion of American interests.
    The most recent speech of President Donald Trump at the UN (September 2025) consolidated this line by explicitly rejecting the recognition of the Palestinian state. Trump stated that such recognition would amount to “a reward for Hamas” and would undermine Israel’s security. This position confirms not only unconditional support for Israel, but also opposition to the two-state solution in the form advocated by the UN and by most member states.
  2. Russia. Moscow plays an ambivalent role. On the one hand, it supports anti-hegemonic discourse against the U.S. and Israel, criticizing excessive militarization and unilateral interventions that destabilize the region. On the other hand, its strategic position in Syria and its closeness to Iran oblige it to maintain a pragmatic balance with Israel—including tactical coordination to avoid aerial collisions. Russia views the “super Sparta” concept as a consolidation of the U.S.’s regional role and, implicitly, as a limitation on its own ambitions in the Middle East.
  3. China. Beijing avoids directly criticizing Israel, but uses regional tensions to present itself as a mediator and indispensable economic actor. Recent Chinese statements emphasize the need to protect the Palestinian civilian population and to resume negotiations. In parallel, China is expanding its economic influence in Arab states (energy, infrastructure, technology) and cultivating the image of an alternative to American and Israeli hegemony. For Beijing, “super Sparta” is a useful symptom: it confirms the perception of a tense region where China can play the role of “rational balancer.”
  4. The European Union. The EU is among the most vocal critics of Israeli policies, constantly warning that excessive militarization and political deadlock undermine the two-state solution. However, its practical influence remains limited: the lack of a unified foreign policy and economic dependencies restrict its ability to act.
    A new element is the growing number of Western states that have recognized Palestine as a state. In September 2025, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, France[8], and Portugal joined this wave of recognition, raising the total to 158 UN member states (about 82% of the total). This trend increases Israel’s diplomatic isolation on the Palestinian issue and affects the U.S.’s position in blocking global consensus.

Partial Conclusion. The great powers relate differently to Israel: for the U.S., it is a top-tier strategic ally; for Russia, an inconvenient rival but one that must be managed; for China, an opportunity for diplomatic affirmation; and for the EU, more of a political and humanitarian issue than a strategic one. This asymmetry of positions explains why Israel can afford to embrace the “super Sparta” discourse without risking major sanctions, even as recognition of Palestine grows increasingly widespread internationally.

Conclusions

Defining Israel as a “super Sparta” synthesizes the reality of a society and a state built on the idea of total security—permanently threatened, but also permanently armed. The concept has strong symbolic value: it evokes a besieged citadel, but also a power that assumes dominance through military and technological superiority.

In the short term, this strategy serves Israel by:

• strengthening internal cohesion,

• deterring direct adversaries,

• attracting the respect and support of the great Western powers, especially the U.S.

In the long term, however, the risks are evident:

  1. Diplomatic Isolation – while Israel defines itself as a fortress, more than 158 UN states now officially recognize Palestine. This gap between internal perception and international reality creates a breach increasingly difficult to manage.
  2. Palestinian Radicalization – the absence of any political horizon fuels despair and strengthens radical groups, turning the conflict into an intergenerational one. Gaza is already the most tragic example of this process.
  3. Fragmentation of the Middle East – the inability of Arab states to react in unison, illustrated even by the weak response to the attack on Qatar, gives Israel freedom of action but also perpetuates a climate of chronic instability.
  4. Global Competition – while the U.S. supports Israel unreservedly, Russia, China, and the EU seek to consolidate their own role in the region, turning the Middle East into an arena of emerging multipolarity.

Another element often overlooked, yet essential to understanding Israel’s resilience, is international financial support. Major Western financial centers—traditionally associated with networks such as the Rockefeller group—have over decades contributed to Israel’s integration into the global financial order. This support has manifested not only through investments and technological partnerships, but also through influence on American and European political decisions. In essence, Israel benefits from a double shield: the strategic guarantee of the U.S. and anchoring in major international financial flows. This combination provides it with considerable room for maneuver and the ability to pursue its plans even in the face of increasingly broad diplomatic opposition. Yet the emergence of a multipolar system and the rise of new centers of global finance (China, the Gulf states, BRICS) could, in the long term, limit the absolute nature of this support.

In essence, “super Sparta” is a concept that reflects Israel’s power to survive and dominate in the short term, but also the risk that this strategy will become a long-term trap. A military fortress may be formidable, but if it remains isolated and surrounded by hostility, it becomes vulnerable to diplomatic pressures, international contestation, and endless conflicts.

The contemporary Middle East thus finds itself in a paradox: Israel strengthens its security through total militarization, but each step in this direction seems to push further away the prospect of lasting peace.

Brașov, 25 September 2025

Essential Bibliography

Reference Works and Academic Analyses

• Bernard Lewis. The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years. New York: Scribner, 1995.

• Tom Segev. One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate. New York: Henry Holt, 2000.

• Avi Shlaim. The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World. London: Penguin, 2014 (revised edition).

• Ilan Pappé. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine. Oxford: Oneworld, 2006.
• Rashid Khalidi. The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2020.

• Corneliu Pivariu. Contemporary Geopolitics Uncovered in 200 Episodes. Pastel Publishing House, 2011.

• Corneliu Pivariu. Geopolitics Before and After COVID-19, 2017–2020. Marist Publishing House, 2020.

International Studies and Reports

• Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Military Expenditure Database, 2024.

• UN Human Rights Council – Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Report on Gaza. Geneva, 16 September 2025.
• United Nations General Assembly. Debates and Resolutions on the Question of Palestine, September 2025.

• Amnesty International. Israel/OPT: Evidence of War Crimes in Gaza, reports 2023–2025.

• Human Rights Watch. Israel’s Apartheid against Palestinians. New York, 2021.

Current Sources and International Press

• Reuters. Trump at UN: No Recognition of Palestinian State, 23 September 2025.
• Al Jazeera. Which Countries Have Recognised Palestine? 23 September 2025.
• AP News. France Recognises State of Palestine at UN General Assembly, 22 September 2025.

• The Guardian. UN Commission Finds Israel Committed Genocide in Gaza, 16 September 2025.

• Haaretz. Israel Reactivates E1 Settlement Plan, 20 August 2025.

• Mondoweiss. Israel Revives Settlement Project to Split the West Bank in Two, 20 August 2025.

Geopolitical Studies and Think Tanks

• Carnegie Middle East Center. Russia’s Strategy in Syria and Relations with Israel, 2024.

• Brookings Institution. China’s Belt and Road in the Middle East: Strategic Dimensions. Washington, D.C., 2023.

• European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR). EU Policy on Israel/Palestine: The Franco-Saudi Initiative, Policy Brief, September 2025.

[1] The term was used by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in a statement made during his visit to the Israeli Ministry of Finance on 15 September 2025. The concept of a “super Sparta” evokes a highly militarized state, capable of ensuring its survival through force, but facing the risk of strategic isolation and the contestation of its international legitimacy. In Israel’s case, this paradigm raises the question of whether a model of absolute security is sustainable in the Middle East of the 21st century.

[2] The permanent support of the United States for Israel — an anchor of security and international legitimacy, which has allowed Israel to develop militarily and economically beyond its natural proportions. Even in moments of tension between American administrations and Israeli governments (for instance, Reagan–Begin, Obama–Netanyahu, Biden–Netanyahu), the underlying line has never changed: Israel remains the central pillar of U.S. strategy in the Middle East.

[3] The inability of Arab states to build a united position and to maintain long-term solidarity with the Palestinian cause. From the Arab League in 1948, to rivalries such as Egypt–Saudi Arabia, Syria–Iraq, monarchies–republics, and today’s divide between the pro-Western and pro-Iranian camps, the Arab world has oscillated between periods of declarative cohesion and practical fragmentation. This lack of unity has given Israel the strategic space to consolidate its position and pursue its own objectives.

[4] On the other hand, this philosophy best serves Prime Minister Netanyahu’s political purpose of maintaining his power, at a time when his policies face strong internal opposition.

[5] The United Nations Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory (established by the UN Human Rights Council) stated on 16 September 2025 that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza. Its report concludes that there are reasonable grounds to believe that Israeli authorities and security forces have committed and continue to commit in Gaza four of the five genocidal acts listed in the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm; deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction; adopting measures intended to prevent births within the group. It is important to note that this Commission does not represent the entire UN and has no judicial authority (it is not a court), but functions as a mechanism for investigation and documentation.

[6] In this regard, mention must be made of the E1 Plan (the area between East Jerusalem and the Ma’ale Adumim settlement), which is one of the most controversial Israeli settlement projects. Revived in 2025 after a period of suspension, the plan provides for the construction of approximately 3,500 housing units and has the effect of dividing the West Bank in two, isolating East Jerusalem from the rest of the Palestinian territory, and rendering impossible the creation of a viable and contiguous Palestinian state. The international community — including the European Union and the United Nations — has repeatedly warned that implementing this project would represent a decisive step against the two-state solution.

[7] See also the Franco–Saudi Plan (28–29 July 2025, resumed on 22 September 2025 in New York), which aimed to launch an international framework for the two-state solution. The initiative envisaged the recognition of Palestine, security guarantees for Israel, and a joint financial mechanism for the reconstruction of Gaza and the West Bank. Although supported by several European and Arab states, the plan encountered immediate opposition from Israel and the United States (which rejected the recognition of the Palestinian state), turning it more into a symbolic diplomatic gesture than an endeavor with real chances of implementation.

[8] On 22 September, at the UN General Assembly, President Macron mentioned that the opening of a French embassy in Palestine depends on conditions such as the release of hostages and the establishment of a ceasefire. Moreover, the French recognition was accompanied by calls for responsibility and international cooperation, not merely a symbolic declaration.

Cuba Celebrates the 72nd Anniversary of the National Rebellion Day in The Hague

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Cuba Celebrates the 72nd Anniversary of the National Rebellion Day in The Hague

The Embassy of Cuba in the Netherlands hosted a reception to mark the 72nd anniversary of the National Rebellion Day at its premises in The Hague. The event brought together diplomats, Cuban families, and friends of Cuba in a warm and festive atmosphere.

Among the distinguished guests were the ambassadors of China, Uruguay, Peru, Angola, Panama, Venezuela, as well as the Chief of Mission of Palestine. Guests enjoyed live Cuban music, a traditional menu, and an authentic cultural celebration.

The highlight of the evening was the address by H.E. Ms. Eva Yelina Silva Walker, Ambassador of Cuba, who recalled the significance of July 26, 1953, the day of the attack on the Moncada and Carlos Manuel de Céspedes barracks:

“July 26 is a date of profound historical significance for the Cuban people. In the centennial year of our Apostle José Martí, a group of young people, filled with courage and revolutionary passion, stormed the second most important military barracks in the country, and with this action, they began the final stage of the struggle for definitive independence, achieved on January 1, 1959.

H.E. Dr. Alvaro Gonzalez Otero, Ambassador of Uruguay, Ms Ana Maria Holanda, Third Secretary, Embassy of Cuba, H.E. Ms. Franca Deza Ferreccio, Ambassador of Peru and the Ambassador of Cuba, H.E. Eva Silva Walker.

Today, 72 years later, Cuba remains a rebellious island, populated by men and women determined to safeguard their hard-won sovereignty, whatever the cost. We are proud to belong to and represent a heroic and resilient people who, for more than six decades, have faced a genocidal and ruthless blockade by the U.S. government, which today is intensifying and applying it with relentless and unlimited ferocity.”

Ambassador Silva Walker highlighted achievements of the Cuban Revolution, particularly in education and healthcare. She noted that both services are universal and free for the entire population, and emphasized Cuba’s contributions abroad:

  • “Over 10 million people in 30 countries, including indigenous communities in Australia and Mozambique, have benefited from Cuban literacy programs. More than 600,000 Cuban health professionals have served in 165 countries since 1963, with over 24,000 currently active in 56 nations.” Despite the ongoing U.S. embargo, the ambassador underscored Cuba’s determination to pursue “a prosperous and sustainable socialism.” She pointed to efforts to update the legal framework following the adoption of the 2019 Constitution, strengthen the economy, promote new economic actors, and expand renewable energy to improve the country’s energy outlook and protect the environment.
H.E. Mr. Jian Tan, Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China and the Ambassador of Cuba.

The evening concluded with Cuban talents from the Cuban National School of Arts, who invited guests to dance, followed by a Cuban culinary experience accompanied by rum and mojitos. The reception was made possible thanks to the support of Casa Ron, Swinkels Family Brewers, and VION.

Cuba, Venezuela and Palestine.

NATO’s Rapid Adoption Action Plan

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NATO’s Rapid Adoption Action Plan

The ICE Listen to Europe seminar entitled NATO’s Rapid Adoption Action Plan is organized by the ICE Office in Brussels in collaboration with the Permanent Representation of Italy to NATO. The event will be held on Monday, October 6, 2025, from 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. at our headquarters at Place de la Liberté 12, Brussels, and online.

The Action Plan aims to accelerate the adoption of new technologies by Allies and NATO, with the intention of strengthening defense and deterrence, defining clear objectives and practical tools to speed up processes, reduce risks, and promote greater involvement of the innovation ecosystem.

The proceedings will be opened by Tindaro Paganini, Director of the ICE Office in Brussels, who will moderate the seminar. This will be followed by institutional greetings from H.E. Ambassador Alessandro Azzoni, Italy’s new Permanent Representative to the Atlantic Council. The Action Plan will be presented by Claudio Palestini, Head of the Innovation Adoption Unit at NATO’s Defense Innovation, Industry and Armament Division (D2IA).

From Westland to the World

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From Westland to the World

“Westland: Global Capital of Horticulture”

By Roy Lie Atjam

On Wednesday, 10 September 2025, the Mayor of Westland, Mr. Bouke Arends, and Dr. Mayelinne De Lara, Publisher of Diplomat Magazine, successfully hosted a networking event for the Diplomatic Corps at Koppert Cress – Division Q in Monster-Westland. The event drew a significant number of ambassadors and embassy representatives, united in their support for the establishment of the Global Alliance of Horticultural Regions.

Koppert Cress and Division Q, led by Stijn Baan, Bart van Meurs, and their dedicated team, made a remarkable impression on the guests by showcasing their innovative products and leadership in horticultural advancements.

The gathering offered invaluable insights from Mayor Bouke Arends, Wesley Toelen, and Mark Verheul on the importance of greenhouse horticulture, the municipality’s international ambitions, and the outcomes of the recent Westland delegation trip to Japan. Discussions also covered the progress of plans for the Global Alliance of Horticultural Regions.

Keynote Speech by Mayor Bouke Arends

Mr. Bouke Arends, Mayor of Westland.

In his welcome remarks, Mayor Arends emphasized the vital role of horticulture in global food security. He said:

“Thank you very much for joining us here today. It is good to see so many of you back in Westland.
We are very happy to be at Koppert Cress—one of the most innovative and progressive companies in the horticultural industry. Stijn, thank you very much for having us.

As some of you might know, we recently travelled to Japan. We visited different regions and cities where we already have partnerships, and we participated in the horticultural mission to EXPO 2025 in Osaka. Together with over 25 companies from the horticultural industry, we explored opportunities in Japan and discussed how this Dutch industry can help Japan advance its horticulture and food and flower production.

The technologies developed in Westland not only enhance sustainable food production in greenhouses but also find their way into other industries and even into people’s homes. Dutch horticulture plays a crucial role in enabling local food production around the world, helping millions access affordable, healthy food. Today, that mission is more urgent than ever. As mayor of Westland, I am a strong advocate for boosting local food production in the most efficient, sustainable and controlled way possible. And just as strongly, I believe in the power of cooperation, which was reflected so well in the theme of the Expo: ‘On Common Ground’.

To achieve this mission on a global scale, we must work together. The partnership between the municipality of Westland and the Japanese Prefecture of Kochi is a perfect example of what we call a horticultural friendship—a collaboration that brings mutual benefits and lasting impact. In 2009, we embarked on our partnership with Kochi. Over the past 15 years, this collaboration has grown into a strong and productive relationship that has brought remarkable progress, both in Kochi and in Westland. Together, we have made significant contributions to the development of the horticultural sector in Japan.

Ambassadors attending the meeting at Koppert Cress , Westland Sept 10, 2025

This partnership has opened valuable doors for Westland-based companies while also supporting innovation and sustainable growth in vegetable cultivation in Kochi. In fact, Westland has become a model for the Japanese government—a role we are honoured to play. Over these 15 years, more than 300 growers, students, and researchers from Kochi have visited Westland, participating in missions, field visits, training programmes, and courses. Through these exchanges, they have learned how growers in Westland work every day towards the most sustainable and efficient ways of producing food and flowers. More importantly, they have applied these lessons in their own companies in Kochi. The partnership between Kochi and Westland is not just a success story—it’s a model. A model for how we can work with other regions around the world. Because the need for locally grown, sustainably produced food is greater than ever before.

Increasingly, food is being weaponized and used as leverage in international relations. At the same time, climate change and the scarcity of raw materials threaten global food systems. With the world population expected to reach 10 billion by 2050, the need for sustainable, local food production has never been greater. I firmly believe that horticulture holds the key to worldwide food security. That is where the strength of future cooperation lies.

Besides our longstanding relationship with the Prefecture of Kochi, the municipality of Westland aims to intensify strategic networking with similar regions and stakeholders around the globe. In recent years, we have signed numerous MoUs and established fruitful cooperation with around 30 regions in Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, Central America, and the Far East. Until now, however, these have largely been bilateral partnerships. That is why, as you know, we have taken the initiative to launch a Global Alliance of Horticultural Regions—a platform for multilateral cooperation.

Even though we are on different sides of the world and embrace distinct cultures, our challenges—ensuring food security, adapting to climate change, creating business opportunities, and advancing food diplomacy—are very similar. We will update you about our progress later during this programme. Let me end by reinforcing the core message that brings us here today. Why do we organise receptions like this? Why do we nurture partnerships like the one with Kochi? Why are we launching a global alliance?

Because the world faces enormous challenges: to produce enough food to feed a growing global population under extreme pressures—climate change, long droughts, sudden floods, and increasingly destructive storms. This demands smarter, more efficient and sustainable food production methods. Controlled environment agriculture—growing food in greenhouses—is one of the best answers we have. Let’s see this reception not just as an event, but as another step forward, another milestone in building stronger cooperation. Because we must work together, on common ground, towards a common future.”

Other Contributions

Dr. Mayelinne De Lara, Publisher of Diplomat Magazine.

Other speakers at the event included Dr. Mayelinne De Lara, Stijn Baan and Mark Verheul.

Dr. De Lara highlighted the role of agricultural diplomacy, stating: “Since 2023, the Mayor of Westland, Mr. Bouke Arends, in partnership with Diplomat Magazine, has organized engaging sessions for heads of diplomatic missions accredited to the Netherlands. These sessions highlight the region’s potential to foster collaboration among governments, businesses, and academia, while enhancing food production and creating business opportunities for the Netherlands and beyond.

These initial agricultural diplomacy visits have led to the formation of the Global Alliance of Horticultural Regions. With an annual GDP of around €6 billion, Westland is a leader in the Dutch economy and home to the highest concentration of agricultural and agri-tech enterprises.

The Alliance focuses on:
• Exchanging best practices through online platforms, in-person events, and field visits.
• Expanding business opportunities with mutually beneficial solutions.
• Promoting food security by developing sustainable local food systems through Controlled Environment Agriculture and sharing Dutch expertise in greenhouse cultivation.

Together, we are shaping a sustainable future through innovative food technology and advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence. We invite you to seize this incredible opportunity.”

Stijn Baan, Koppert Cress .

Stijn Baan captivated the audience with stories of how astronomy meets horticulture in hundreds of restaurants worldwide. Guests had the opportunity to taste oyster flavors, nut flavors, and more. He presented the greenhouse farm with its enormous tropical trees and fruits, guided them through the unique “museum,” and served freshly sprouted cresses to everyone. Cresses—freshly sprouted seedlings from 100% natural aromatic plants—deliver a unique freshness and an intensity of taste and aroma that can only be found in young seedlings.

In brief, Mr. Mark Verheul emphasized that the roadmap for the Global Alliance of Horticultural Regions represents an exciting journey towards “farming the future together”. Multiple activities are planned between now and the Greentech Amsterdam conference in June 2026.

Mark highlighted the participation of the Netherlands delegation at the Osaka Expo, where His Majesty King Willem-Alexander addressed the National Day of the Netherlands on 21 May 2025:

“Here in Osaka, we are proud to present the Kingdom of the Netherlands in our own pavilion, based on the theme of ‘Common Ground’. For the Netherlands, ‘Designing future societies for our lives’ isn’t some lofty ambition on the distant horizon. It’s our daily reality. Just ask our growers, who brought about a horticultural revolution and increased food security.”

Mark further outlined the achievements of Westland, which currently maintains 16 active horticulture agreements and is developing 22 more potential partnerships, aiming to build a global network of 60 horticultural regions.

Wesley Toelen, Mark Verheul and Mayor Bouke Arends.

He also emphasized the role of Wageningen University & Research – CEA Innovation Community (WUR-CIC), a worldwide innovation hub for Controlled Environment Agriculture. WUR-CIC brings together growers, industry leaders, experts, policymakers, and stakeholders to share insights, foster collaboration, and co-create solutions that improve sustainability, productivity, and efficiency in agriculture.

Benchmark organizations and networks involved in the process include:

  • Milan Urban Food Policy Pact
  • Strong Cities Network
  • Global Parliament of Mayors
  • United Cities and Local Governments
  • Resilient Cities Network
  • C40
The Mayor of Westland during his speech, Westland 10 Sept 2025.

Mr. Verheul presented an overview of the Global Alliance of Horticultural Regions, highlighting its potential legal structure, membership criteria, and funding model:

  • To be established as an Association under Dutch law, registered with the Netherlands Chamber of Commerce.
  • Open to all horticultural regions worldwide, as well as related knowledge institutions and businesses.
  • Membership fees for horticultural regions could be based on GDP or population size.
  • Knowledge institutions and businesses may contribute fees aligned with different levels of engagement.
  • Additional funding could come from international grants, sponsorships, or philanthropic investment.

On Thursday, 16 October 2025 – United Nations World Food Day – the Alliance will receive international media attention as the establishment process is officially launched. This includes:

  • A joint press release
  • Interviews and background information
  • The launch of www.globalhorticulture.org
  • The start of Expressions of Interest to join the Alliance
  • Dedicated communication through info@globalhorticulture.org

Looking ahead, a series of online information sessions is already scheduled for November 2025, and January, March, and May 2026.

Kosovo: Conference on EU Enlargement and External Governance

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Kosovo: Conference on EU Enlargement and External Governance

The Embassy of Kosovo in The Hague, in collaboration with the University of Amsterdam, hosted the conference “EU Enlargement and External Governance: Geopolitical Challenges, Policy Responses, and Legal Approaches” at the Humanity Hub in The Hague, on 17 September 2025.

The discussions focused on the future of EU enlargement, with particular attention to the Western Balkans and the broader geopolitical challenges currently facing Europe. Speakers highlighted both the opportunities and the difficulties of enlargement, while reflecting on how policy responses and legal approaches can shape Europe’s future.

H.E. Dr. Dren Doli, Ambassador of the Republic of Kosovo to the Netherlands, welcomed the audience and introduced an impressive group of speakers who shared their insights and expertise, to set the stage for a productive exchange of ideas.

Impressive speakers panel during the “EU Enlargement and External Governance: Geopolitical Challenges, Policy Responses, and Legal Approaches” conference by Kosovo.

Among the speakers: Saïd Fazili, Director for European Integration at the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Marie-Charlotte van Lamsweerde, Political Administrator at the Directorate-General for General and Institutional Policy of the Council of the European Union, Maarten Lemstra, Press & Strategic Communication Officer at the Directorate General for Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood of the European Commission, Wouter Zweers, Research Fellow at EU & Global Affairs Unit of the Clingendael Institute, Hylke Dijkstra, Professor of International Security and Cooperation at Maastricht University, Marijana Petrovic, Policy Analyst at the South East Europe Division of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, László Marácz, Assistant Professor at East European Studies department of the Faculty of Humanities.

The conference was moderated by Dr. Zamira Xhaferri, University Lecturer in EU Law, and Jean Monnet Coordinator on Enlargement and External Relations of the EU at the University of Amsterdam.

During the discussion, experts tackled some of the most pressing questions around the European Union’s enlargement. The discussion began with the intergovernmental progress of enlargement and the EU budget — two key factors that set the stage for a lively and fruitful debate.

“Kosovo, EU Enlargement and External Governance: Geopolitical Challenges, Policy Responses, and Legal Approaches”

Speakers also reflected on how the wider public views EU enlargement, underlining the importance of understanding the process not only from a political but also from a societal perspective. The guest speakers also shared valuable insights into the geopolitical role of the Western Balkans and examined the relationships among the WB6 countries, shedding light on the future prospects of the region’s EU integration.

By bringing together these perspectives, the conference offered an engaging look at the challenges and opportunities surrounding EU enlargement, especially in relation to the Western Balkans.

The event was joined by a large group of distinguished Ambassadors, diplomats, representatives of Dutch Ministries and international organisations based in The Netherlands, as well as many passionate students and young professionals working in the field.

The day ended with a networking reception where participants savored the exquisite flavors of traditional Kosovar cuisine and beverages. This was a great opportunity to continue discussions and experience Kosovo’s renowned hospitality.

The Common Fund for Commodities Celebrates 36 Years of Impact

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The Common Fund for Commodities Celebrates 36 Years of Impact

By Roy Lie Atjam

The Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) marked its 36th Anniversary with a reception co-hosted by Managing Director Sheikh Mohammed Belal and H.E. Mr. J. Eduardo Malaya, Ambassador of the Philippines and Chair of the CFC Executive Board. The celebration, held at the Embassy of the Philippines in The Hague, brought together a distinguished gathering of ambassadors, diplomats, and senior representatives from international organizations.

Many attended to congratulate the CFC for its decades of work in supporting projects in developing countries to improve commodity value chains and foster sustainable development. Since its founding, the CFC has provided loans, technical assistance, and investments to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and smallholder farmers, helping them to increase incomes, create jobs, and strengthen environmental sustainability in commodity-dependent economies.

H.E. Mr. J. Eduardo Malaya, Ambassador of the Philippines and Chair of the CFC Executive Board

Among the distinguished guests were H.E. Dr. Marcin Czepelak, Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration; Prof. Jean-Marc Thouvenin, Secretary-General of The Hague Academy of International Law; as well as the ambassadors of China, Russia, Peru, Cuba, Ecuador, Venezuela, and many more.

Prof. Jean-Marc Thouvenin, Secretary-General of The Hague Academy of International Law, H.E. Ambassador Sheikh Mohammed Belal, Managing Director of the CFC, H.E. Mr. J. Eduardo Malaya, Ambassador of the Philippines and Chair of the CFC Executive Board and H.E. Dr. Marcin Czepelak, Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Ambassador Malaya: The CFC’s Mission Is “As Urgent Now as Ever”

Opening the celebration, Ambassador Malaya welcomed the large audience with words of gratitude: “We are overwhelmed by the large number of attendees at this reception, and Ambassador Belal and I are truly grateful to all of you. The Philippine Embassy is deeply honored to co-host this commemoration.”

He recalled the CFC’s historical roots, noting that Manila is considered a “mother city” for the organization, as consensus to establish it was first reached there in 1976 during the UNCTAD IV Conference. Drawing from his personal background, Malaya reflected on his upbringing in a farming family:

“As a young boy, I grew up on a farm where my grandfather cultivated rice, coconut, and abaca. He often said he did not mind if children missed classes during harvest, as they were helping their families. What concerned him was when children did not enroll at all—because crop failures or low prices meant there was no money for their schooling. This memory remains with me and underscores why the CFC’s mission remains essential.”

CFC 36 Anniversary at the Philippines Embassy, The Hague.

He emphasized the importance of the organization’s new Strategic Framework for 2025–2035:

“This roadmap aims to raise the profile of the CFC and strengthen its connections with the UN and its network of development agencies and programs. Our advocacy for humanizing the value chain is at the heart of this vision.”

In closing, Malaya underscored the idea of strengthening CFC’s international presence:

“Wouldn’t it be wonderful to have the CFC relocate its headquarters from Amsterdam to The Hague, to thrive in this city’s supportive diplomatic ecosystem alongside other distinguished organizations?”

Sheikh Mohammed Belal: “Old Enough to Know Better, Young Enough to Dream Big”

CFC Managing Director Sheikh Mohammed Belal delivered a spirited and powerful address, reflecting on both achievements and aspirations: “Welcome to the CFC 36th birthday party! At 36, we are old enough to know better… but also young enough to dream big.”

CFC 36 Anniversary

He highlighted the CFC’s guiding principle that prosperity in the Global South is intrinsically linked to prosperity in the Global North: “In this City of Peace and Justice, we recognize that true justice begins with our purchasing choices. Every coffee and chocolate can embody dignity and purpose.”

Belal credited global partners for their collaboration: “Thank you, Spain, for the Sevilla Commitment, and to Brazil for integrating us into the G20 Global Alliance for Hunger and Poverty. We also applaud Ethiopia for hosting the Africa Climate Summit, where significant commitments were made. When Africa speaks, the world listens.”

“Special thanks to former Chair, Dr. Eniola Ajayi of Nigeria, and to all our partners who have kept the CFC dynamic and innovative. Our Strategic Framework for 2025–2035 is already gaining momentum, sharpened by the invaluable support of China and our Member States.”

The Managing Director outlined some of the CFC’s most compelling success stories:

In Uganda, a $1 million investment helped JKCC grow revenues from $28 million to $78 million in one year, expanding collaboration with smallholder farmers from 300 to 7,000.

Enimiro, sourcing from 4,000 vanilla farmers, enabled price increases that added an extra $600 per household each season.

In Kenya, Shalem Investments used a $610,000 loan to expand affordable nutrition from 9,000 to 50,000 consumers.

In Peru, Fairtrasa secured premium market access for farmers, while in the Philippines, Kennemer Foods quadrupled cocoa yields, raising incomes dramatically.

“These successes demonstrate that investing in small and early-stage SMEs unlocks valuable opportunities. Yet we receive over 400 proposals each year and can only fund a fraction. That’s why we are launching the Agricultural Commodity Transformation Fund—the ACT Fund—to scale up our impact. I urge you, not just as ambassadors but as fellow citizens, to join us in creating meaningful change.”

Mr. Jerome Larosch, Governor of the Netherlands for the CFC

Looking Ahead

Mr. Jerome Larosch, Governor of the Netherlands for the CFC, also addressed the reception, reaffirming the Dutch government’s support for the organization’s role in global development and its ambitious new agenda.

The Quatro Band at the Embassy of the Philippines.

The evening closed with lively performances by The Quatro Band and a Filipino-style buffet, which brought a festive spirit to the celebration. As the CFC looks forward to its 40th anniversary, the organization continues to build on its founding mission—empowering farmers, strengthening commodity value chains, and advancing sustainable development in commodity-dependent economies.

CFC at 36: Bravo to an institution that remains as vital, dynamic, and visionary as ever.

Credit pictures Kieren Batiles

The Need for a New Global Governance

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The Need for a New Global Governance

By Mariarosaria Iorio

The present global crisis has both international and national dimensions.

The international dimension relates, in my view, to the global governance regime . The national dimension relates to national public choices and policies. As it concerns the global governance regime’s failure to materialize equitable and improvement of people’s living standards worldwide, it is worth recalling that such a failed regime results from both historical and political factors.

Since the paradigma change marked by the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, and the end of the cold war, political discourses on development and economic policies put emphasis on the primary role of the private sector, including the financial sector, in both economic and social development. As a result of this political discourse shift, governments have been advocating for cuts in ‘useless’ public expenses, particularly in sectors such as education and health care. The consequent reduced role of the State in the economy followed. Relying upon market forces to achieve economic development has been the mantra of economics worldwide. According to the liberal discourses, economic development would have a natural cascading effect from the international to the national and finally to the local level.

Simultaneously, the financial and dematerialized economy has taken a central stage in public discourses, particularly in the industrialized countries. Such a trend has had consequences for both the world economy as well as for national development policies worldwide. Indeed, national authorities diluted supervision of the financial sector activities, while leaving the real economy to the Market self-regulatory function. The market-based society was expected to take care of world welfare. As a result, in many cases, the links between economic growth, production systems and social development were neglected. Governments neglected the polarizing social effects of market instruments. While at the national level, the role and the margins of maneuverability by national authorities in formulating, implementing and evaluating national economic and financial policies was delegated to the Market. The current world crisis proves that international economic development policies that neglect the political economy of power relations among social groups can achieve neither social justice nor peace.

At the moment, practically all nations continue to face the challenges posed by the reduction of resources available to national authorities to provide services to their population, including essential services.

As a result, the post-industrial countries gave up the fundamental function of the State as an economic actor of redistribution and guarantor of social peace and stability. The real economy is so bypassed by the virtual economy first, and then by the artificial intelligence.

The present architecture of global governance is definitely to be improved. It must take into account the challenges posed by the services economy as well as the unbalance of international decision-making rules.

Action needed:

At the International Level

The existing global economic, trade and financial governance regimes must be rebalanced. The entry point of such a process would be a large debate among governments’ representatives, civil society and parliaments on the right-based and justice-based international laws. International and national processes have to be based again on cooperation rather than competition and provide a more equilibrated power balance in the financial and trade political economy. The rebalancing of the world trading system remains a political choice to be made by the major players in world trade. However, it must also be put in the context of the whole set of measures that are to be taken to draw the lessons from the current crisis. International (as well as domestic) financial rules are to be formulated and implemented to better anticipate actors’ behaviors and to avoid costly emergency situations as the system is witnessing nowadays.

Public funds used to save private companies do pose a serious reflection issue with regard to the existing governance rules. The present system has put governments in the uncomfortable position of reacting ex post to the crisis, while demonstrating its volatility and instability. The new Global Regulation should allow action to be taken ex ante. To do so, monitoring and evaluation rules are to be put in place.

At the National Level

The Role of the State shall be refocused and strengthened, in particular as the guarantor of the necessary balance of power among economic and social actors.

The Role of National Institutions needs to be redefined to support market–friendly reforms or to mediate and support redistribution and ensure social peace.

The Role of markets in societies and regulation and transparency in risk-taking. The idea of self-regulated markets and societies must be replaced by the idea that the economic activity must be embedded in the social behaviors and aimed at the well-being of the whole populations.

Methods to ensure clear and open channels of communication between governments and their population must also be improved to make sure that decision-making at the national level takes into account interests of the majority, while being based on national consultative and negotiating processes.

Public policies must give priority to active employment and taxation policies to sustain production and services in the real economy.

The Need for Change

The existing global economic and financial governance failed to guarantee the necessary stability and predictability of its operations and impacts. It did not manage to lift peoples out of poverty. The economic activity and global economic growth are not ends in themselves. They have to serve human realities, while promoting a respect for social and economic rights including through economic welfare. If economic policies serve a minority against a majority, then they fail in what should be their main mission: build social peace and cohesion. Economic policies have to be at the service of social welfare and well being for all. Time has come to put citizens at the center of international and national policy-making through national consultation mechanisms and the participation of stakeholders in decision-making.

Therefore, decisions taken by their representatives are to be in harmony with local needs and aspirations. Social cohesion has to be improved, worked upon over time, and its achievement demands a constant political dialogue and compromise as well as political accountability and commitment.

This is not utopia but rather the lucidity of those, who had realized already in 1944 that “Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere ”

Dialogue of religions: Synergy for the future

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Dialogue of religions: Synergy for the future

The 8th Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions

By John Dunkelgrün

The tragic attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, triggered a wave of divisions, divisions between civilisations and between religions. They were aimed particularly at Muslims. In response to this growing polarization, Kazakhstan took the initiative to establish a forum that would bring together leaders from various religious traditions. With the endorsement of Pope John Paul II, this initiative gained the support and blessing of many prominent figures representing both world religions and traditional faiths.

Representatives du Buddhisme – Astana, Kazakhstan Interfaith and Interreligious Dialogue Sept 2025.

Throughout the Congress, the message remained consistent: emphasizing dialogue and cooperation is essential for shaping a better future. The event underscored the significance of interfaith dialogue and the synergy it can foster, reaffirming a commitment to promoting understanding and collaboration among diverse religious traditions. By prioritizing these principles, participants underscored their shared responsibility to work towards a more peaceful and hopeful future for all.

Organized by the International Center for Interfaith and Interreligious Dialogue (ICID) based in Astana, Kazakhstan, the inaugural Congress took place in 2003. Held every three years, the Congress has consistently attracted increasing attendance and attention. Each successive Congress has built upon the momentum of the previous one, reflecting a deepening commitment to mutual understanding among diverse religious communities.

At this year’s VIIIth Congress, over 200 delegates from 60 countries convened to address a wide range of global challenges and issues. The primary sessions were held at the Palace of Independence, a grand building featuring marble halls and sweeping stairways, which accommodated a massive round table for heads of delegation, as well as seating for other delegates and select members of the press. The significant international interest in the conference was evident, as two expansive press rooms were set up, each capable of accommodating over one hundred journalists equipped with Wi-Fi-connected laptops. This infrastructure facilitated robust media coverage and engagement, reflecting the Congress’s growing importance on the world stage.

President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.

Following a rather unremarkable video welcome from Mr. António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, an impressive opening speech was delivered by the President of Kazakhstan, the Honourable Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. His address was far from boilerplate; he emphasized Kazakhstan’s commitment to peaceful and balanced diplomacy in what he described as the current crisis of civilization. President Tokayev expressed concern that young people are increasingly disoriented by interethnic, interreligious, and international conflicts that seem pervasive today.

He highlighted the complexities of hybrid warfare, which often lacks clear boundaries and traditional military structures, raising the alarming prospect of nuclear conflict. Tokayev called for a proactive approach to our digital future, urging consideration of the ethical implications of artificial intelligence. He made a strong plea against those who would use religion to justify war or other atrocities, framing this moment as a crucial juncture. He posited that we are entering a post-secular era, where religion must play a constructive role in guiding us through our increasingly interconnected and digital landscape.

His Eminence Cardinal-Deacon George Jacob Koovakad delivered an important message on behalf of Pope Leo II, emphasizing the crucial role of this Congress in healing our fractured and wounded world. He stated, “There can be no peace between peoples without peace between religions,” underscoring the need for interfaith dialogue and understanding.

Sheik Mohammed bin Abdulkarim Al-Issa, Sec Gen of the Muslim World League

The event featured addresses from a diverse group of religious leaders, including Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Rus, Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem, and Mr. Li Guang Fu, representing Taoism. Rabbi Ber, the Chief Ashkenazi Rabbi of Israel, expressed deep sorrow over the ongoing conflict in Gaza, which has claimed countless lives over the past two years. He asserted, “This is not a religious war. Jews do not oppose other religions; we respect them.” His message focused on the plight of the hostages taken during the conflict; he explained that the fight is against the perpetrators of the attacks on October 7, who have held 48 hostages for over 600 days, with only 20 believed to be alive and suffering in dire conditions deep underground.

Rabbi Ber implored the assembled leaders to work diligently to secure the release of the hostages and to alleviate the immense suffering experienced by the people of Gaza. His heartfelt appeal resonated throughout the assembly, reflecting the urgent need for compassion, understanding, and action in the face of ongoing violence and human suffering.

Rabbi David Yosef, Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel

Jo Bailey Wells, the Bishop for Episcopal Ministry at the Anglican Communion Office in London, addressed the assembly with a clear and compelling call to action. She emphasized that interfaith leadership must transition from mere declarations and dogmas to tangible actions that foster genuine engagement.

Bishop Wells encouraged the leaders gathered there to invite others into meaningful dialogue, particularly during challenging moments. She spoke about the importance of standing in the tension of differing beliefs and experiences, allowing the potential for something deeper to emerge from these interactions. Her message resonated with the theme of the Congress, advocating for proactive collaboration to address the divisions in society and to build bridges of understanding among diverse faith communities.

Cardinal-Deakon George Jacob Koovakad, Prefect of the Dicastery for Inter religious Dialogue.

In a time marked by conflict and misunderstanding, Bishop Wells’ insights served as a reminder that transformative change begins with open hearts and minds willing to engage with one another. Her plea for authenticity and courage in interfaith endeavors echoed the overall spirit of unity and peace that the Congress aimed to promote.

Sheikh Mohammad bin Abdulkarim Al-Issa, the Secretary General of the Muslim World League, delivered a powerful message highlighting the critical need for stronger interfaith cooperation and action to promote peace and uphold human dignity. He emphasized that to achieve global harmony, it is essential to acknowledge that current conflicts only lead to destruction and suffering.

Russian Orthodox Patriarch Kirill – Astana, Kazakhstan Sept 2025

Al-Issa articulated the view that the rich composition of human diversity should be celebrated as a foundation for cooperation and meaningful exchange rather than a catalyst for discord among nations. He stressed that “values without action are not values,” underscoring the urgency of translating shared principles into concrete efforts that foster understanding and collaboration across different faiths.

His words served as a clarion call for collective responsibility, urging all faith leaders and communities to unite in their commitment to peace and to actively engage in dialogue and initiatives that affirm shared human dignity. Al-Issa’s inspiring message resonated broadly, reinforcing the idea that true interfaith collaboration requires both belief and action to create a more just and harmonious world.

Cardinal-Deacon Kovakad succinctly emphasized the importance of unity in his call for dialogue and cooperation among faith leaders, stating, “United, we stand; divided, we fall.” He stressed that collaboration is not merely an option but a necessity in addressing the pressing challenges of our time.

Kovakad urged faith leaders to leverage their influence within their communities to confront these significant issues. He highlighted the need for a humble, curious, and courageous approach, encouraging leaders to engage actively and compassionately with one another. This, he believes, is crucial for fostering understanding and finding meaningful solutions in an increasingly divided world.

His call to action underscores the vital role that interfaith dialogue can play in building bridges, promoting peace, and addressing the complex problems that affect humanity today. By coming together, faith leaders can create a powerful collective voice that advocates for cooperation and understanding across all divides.

Many speakers reflected on critical issues, including climate change, the implications of artificial intelligence, and the future of our digital landscape, as well as discussions on digital slavery. Additionally, the ongoing conflicts in the world were at the forefront of conversations, particularly the situations in Ukraine and Gaza. Importantly, these delicate topics were approached with a spirit of empathy and understanding, avoiding blame directed at specific nations.

Christophe Kamp, High Commissioner on National Minorities, Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

At the end of the previous Congress in 2022, delegates took part in a symbolic act of commitment to peace by planting trees, which have since taken root and flourished. This was followed at this year’s Congress by the official opening of the Park of Peace and Reconciliation, highlighted by a beautiful ceremony where young women poured water from traditional urns into a cistern, symbolizing unity and renewal.

During the VIIIth Congress, a lengthy closing statement echoed the sentiments articulated by Kazakhstan’s President, Mr. Kassim-Jomart Tokayev, who called for collective efforts by all people of goodwill to forge a global Movement for Peace. The statement emphasized that terrorism, in all its forms, must never be linked to any religion, nationality, civilization, or ethnic group, reinforcing the message of inclusivity and understanding.

This congress, held in Kazakhstan—a nation situated far from the ‘Western World’ and the industrialized regions of East Asia—served as a reminder of the diverse geographical and cultural contexts from which discussions on peace and reconciliation can stem. Kazakhstan’s unique position allows it to act as a bridge between various cultures, fostering dialogue and cooperation among nations. The event underscored the importance of recognizing and respecting diverse perspectives in the quest for a more peaceful world, offering a platform for voices from regions often overlooked in global conversations. Through this congress, participants renewed their commitment to collaboration and empathy, vital for addressing today’s pressing challenges.

In a time marked by significant polarization, this Congress stands as a beacon of hope and unity. Taking place within a predominantly Muslim nation, it beautifully embodies the Jewish principle of ‘tikun olam’, which calls for the responsibility to heal and improve our world.

Chief Rabbis David Yosef and Kalman M. Ber at VIII Congres on Interfaith and Inter-religious Dialogue Astana, Kazakhstan Sept 2025.

This gathering serves as a powerful reminder that, despite our differences, we share a collective mission to foster understanding, compassion, and collaboration across cultures and religions. The Congress emphasizes that repairing the world – whether through dialogue, community engagement, or social action – is a goal that transcends individual beliefs and backgrounds.

By promoting harmony and cooperation, participants illustrate that positive change is achievable when diverse voices come together around shared values. Such initiatives strengthen bonds among communities, fostering an environment where peace and reconciliation can take root.

As leaders and citizens engage in meaningful conversations and collaborative efforts, we can work towards dismantling the barriers that divide us.

This Congress underscores the pressing need for collective action in the face of global challenges, affirming that through unity and respect, we can collectively contribute to a more equitable and peaceful world.

Ultimately, this Congress is not just a moment in time, but a call to action for all of us to contribute to the ongoing process of love, respect, and ’tikun olam’, striving to heal a wounded world. It inspires hope that, together, we can nurture a world where understanding prevails and understanding and respect triumph over hatred.

A visit to Astana, Kazakhstan

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A visit to Astana, Kazakhstan

By John Dunkelgrün

When I was invited to cover the Eighth Congress of World and Traditional Religious Leaders in Astana, my initial reaction was, “Where?”

Like many in the West, my understanding of Kazakhstan was hazy at best; I had mistakenly believed that its capital was Almaty. Upon reviewing the Congress’s impressive mission statement, my next thought was, “Why there?”

If this event were truly significant, attracting leaders from numerous major religions, why was it taking place in such a remote location?

Kazakhstan’s ambassador, the affable Mr. Kairat Abdrakhmanov, offered clarity on this matter.

H.E. Mr. Kairat Abdrakhmanov, Ambassador of Kazakhstan.

He explained that Kazakhstan is a melting pot of over 120 ethnic groups, each with its own unique culture and beliefs. While approximately 70% of the population is Muslim, the country prides itself on a spirit of tolerance and respects all religions. “

This philosophy not only promotes peaceful coexistence among diverse faiths but also sets the stage for meaningful dialogue at the Congress, reinforcing the importance of interfaith understanding in today’s world. Our government is secular. If you want to build a church or a synagogue, go ahead. We have learned to accept and respect the many cultures and religions within our borders. So, in the storm of Islamophobia following 9/11, it seemed the right thing to do to try to convince the world of our brand of tolerance.

Astana, Kazakhstan.

I was surprised to discover that Astana is a remarkably modern city. What was once a sleepy outpost transformed dramatically when Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev, the first president of independent Kazakhstan, decided to move the capital there, citing Almaty’s vulnerability to earthquakes. He was president from 1991 to 2009 and named his new capital after himself, Nursultan Nazarbayev. Following his 28-year presidency, his successor, Mr. Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, later reverted the name to Astana.

Astana boasts many beautiful mosques, with the Grand Mosque standing out as the largest and most impressive. It is one of the largest in the world. The purposely designed capital features wide boulevards, meticulously landscaped parks, and a striking array of monumental buildings, as well as modern high-rises in a bewildering variety of styles. This thoughtful urban planning not only enhances the city’s aesthetic appeal but also reflects its aspirations as a symbol of modern Kazakhstan.

A market in Astana.
Market in Astana.

The people here are genuinely friendly and welcoming. On my first day, I was recovering from a long night flight, and the hotel kindly arranged a taxi for me to visit the local bazaar. I was captivated by the vibrant displays of fruits and vegetables, and I couldn’t believe the vast sections dedicated to smartphones and accessories. After enjoying the bazaar, I wanted to return to the hotel, but when I called the number the concierge had provided for a taxi, it didn’t work.

Astana city, Kazakhstan.

Not seeing any taxis nearby and feeling reluctant to hail one off the street anyway, I approached a policeman for assistance. He immediately called a colleague, who kindly drove me all the way back to the hotel. Before leaving, he even gave me his phone number in case I encountered any difficulties.

My first visit to Kazakhstan couldn’t have started in a more delightful way, thanks to the kindness of the people I encountered.

Celebrating Bastille Day at the French Residence in The Hague

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Celebrating Bastille Day at the French Residence in The Hague

On the occasion of France’s National Day, H.E. Mr. François Alabrune, Ambassador of France to the Netherlands, hosted a reception at the French Residence in The Hague. The event brought together more than 200 distinguished guests from the diplomatic, military, judicial, economic, cultural, and institutional spheres.

Among those in attendance were the Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs, H.E. Caspar Veldkamp, Mr. Fernando Arias González, Director-General of the OPCW; Dr. Marcin Czepelak, Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration; H.E. Ms. Graciela Gatti, President of the United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals; Mr. Philippe Gautier, Registrar of the International Court of Justice; Prof. Jean-Marc Thouvenin, Secretary-General of The Hague Academy of International Law; Mr. Jan van Zanen, Mayor of The Hague; and H.E. Dr. Jan Anthonie Bruijn, President of the Senate of the Netherlands.

The reception highlighted the enduring friendship and partnership between France and the Netherlands. Both Ambassador Alabrune and the Dutch Foreign Minister delivered well-received speeches reflecting on the shared values, history, and growing cooperation between the two nations. Their remarks emphasized collaboration in fields such as sustainable energy, food technologies, culture, and security. The Ambassador also underscored the flourishing artistic exchange between France and the Netherlands, mentioning recent partnerships between the Centre Pompidou and the Rijksmuseum.

Ambassador Alabrune warmly acknowledged the close cooperation between the intelligence services of both countries and congratulated the Netherlands on its successful organization of last month’s NATO Summit. He further praised the international institutions based in The Hague—such as the ICJ, ICC, OPCW, Eurojust, Europol, and The Hague Academy—for embodying the principles of international law and multilateralism. Special recognition was given to Mr. Fernando Arias for his “extraordinary achievements” as Director-General of the OPCW, as his mandate approaches its conclusion later this year.

Welcoming Minister Plenipotentiary of St Maarten, Gracita Arrindell

Looking to the future, the Ambassador highlighted joint Franco-Dutch projects in science and technology, including research in sustainable aviation, marine innovation, and renewable energy. He concluded by expressing gratitude to his team, partners, and sponsors, whose support made the National Day celebrations possible.

The Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs, delivering his remarks in flawless French, congratulated France on its National Day and reaffirmed the ever-strengthening ties of friendship and cooperation between the two nations.

The reception, hosted in the warm setting of the French Residence, was the legendary celebration of Bastille Day and  a joyful occasion for guests to reconnect, exchange ideas, and renew their commitment to a shared future of partnership and peace.

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